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Honest Tea Study Case

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Submitted By Morgasme
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Partie 1 – Evaluation des actions d’Honest Tea
Pour plus de clarté, nous avons procédé comme suit : Premièrement nous verrons quelle méthode nous avons choisi et pourquoi. Deuxièmement nous nous consacrerons sur les hypothèses générales et inhérentes au modèle. Dans un troisième temps, les hypothèses sur tous les postes seront explicitées. Enfin, dans une dernière partie, nous verrons le prix trouvé et donnerons des commentaires sur celui-ci.
Choix de la méthode
Nous désirons évaluer les actions seulement. Ainsi nous ne prenons pas en compte le point de vue de l’ensemble des bailleurs de fonds mais seulement le point de vue des actionnaires. Toutes les méthodes ne concernant pas seulement le point de vue des actionnaires sont donc caduques.
Une décision doit donc être faite entre ces trois méthodes : Bénéfices caractéristiques, Actualisation des flux de trésorerie libres et la méthode des multiples. Notre choix s’est de suite porté vers l’Actualisation des flux de trésorerie libres car c’est la seule façon d’incorporer dans le calcul de l’évaluation la croissance phénoménale future.
Les hypothèses de base
• Les entrées dans le capital : On évalue dans l’état actuel des choses. Nous supposons qu’il n’y aura aucune entrée dans le capital. Nous voulons ainsi calculer la valeur intrinsèque des actions si rien ne change. C’est une hypothèse forte mais importante.
• Les phases de vie et la croissance :
Nous utilisons les Etats Pro Forma fournis pour les 2 prochaines années. Nous les trouvons cohérents et les prévisions sont réalistes. L’Equipe de direction étant solide et diversifiée.
A la fin de ces deux années, nous prévoyons une croissance légèrement inférieure pour les 3 années suivantes. Si le taux était jusque-là faramineux, nous choisissons 70% annuellement. Ce pourcentage reflète les opportunités énormes de croissance tout en ne péchant pas par excès d’optimisme.
Enfin, nous prévoyons une période typique de 5ans de transition. Pendant ces 5années suivantes, l’entreprise connaîtra toujours une croissance importante mais inférieure à précédemment, avec un taux de 20%.
Par la suite, on établit la perpétuité à 2% ce qui nous semble réaliste.
• Le Taux requis par les actionnaires : Pour ce taux nous avons utilisé la méthode du MEDAF. Grace aux donnés des concurrents nous trouvons le bêta non endetté que nous ajustons a l’endettement de Honest Tea. Pour le taux sans risque et la prime de risque nous avons trouvé les informations sur Federal Reserve et Yahoo Finance. Enfin, nous avons cherché ces valeurs sur des horizons proches de 10ans afin d’être en adéquation avec notre horizon visible du pro-forma.
• Prime de liquidité : nous considérons qu’une prime de liquidité classique de 30% doit être appliquée car les actions de Honest Tea ne sont pas transigées sur quelconque marché.
Les hypothèses poste par poste
• Coûts des ventes : Historiquement situés à 50%. Nous choisissons de garder ce nombre pour les années futures.
• Dividendes : Ont doublé. Pour prouver sa stabilité une entreprise aime garder des dividendes fixes. Nous les doublons juste une nouvelle fois à mi-parcours étant donné que l'entreprise se portera bien.
• Charges : Aussi en pourcentage des ventes. Nous fixons 35% (en cohérence avec la marge historique)
• Amortissement : Une nouvelle fois en pourcentage des ventes. Avec les données de l’annexe 9, nous avons trouvé que l’amortissement en 1998 était de 1.5% des ventes et qu’en 1999 il était de 1%. Ainsi, nous choisissons 1.25% des ventes annuelles.
• Investissement Fonds de Roulement : En pourcentage de l’augmentation des ventes (40%).
• Emprunt : Nous supposons qu’un emprunt sera nécessaire dès l’année 2. Nous choisissons $2,000,000 qui est le montant minimum afin que l’entreprise survive. De même nous le choisissons à l’année 2 car dès l’année 3 l’entreprise sera dans le positif et de ce fait la banque sera encline à prêter. Le taux fixé est à 8%.
• Investissement Actif Long-Terme : Il est difficile d’estimer des investissements dans l’actif long terme. Le cas précise que la grande capacité de production de l’entreprise est l’une de ses forces. Nous supposons donc que l’entreprise n’investira pas dans son actif long-terme.
• Valeur des actifs en superflus : Nous les avons considérés comme nuls. En effet, l’entreprise ne dispose que de très peu d’actifs (1 342 012$) et tous sont soit liés aux ventes (clients, stocks), ou sont vitaux à la croissance (immobilisations, licences…).
Le Résultat
Nous trouvons donc une valeur totale des actions après escompte de $28 388 640. Ce résultat semble en adéquation avec l’offre de 5 000 000$ car celle-ci ne visait pas toutes les actions. Il représente aussi très bien la croissance future et l’avantage compétitif que l’entreprise détient. Toutefois, une entrée dans le capital semble nécessaire afin d’assurer la croissance et la pérennité de l’entreprise. Ainsi la valeur totale des actions variera si une entreprise décide d’investir dans Honest Tea.
Partie 2 – Offre de Capital de Risque vs. Anges Financiers

La différence fondamentale entre le Capital de Risque et les Anges Financiers se situe autour de la dualité Croissance rapide et assurée vs. Autonomie et Relation de confiance. Nous allons dès à présent traiter ces deux options :
- Le Capital de Risque propose 5 000 000 de dollars tout de suite. Ainsi, la croissance de Honest Tea serait assurée et des projets pourraient être entrepris plus rapidement. En effet, le marché est pour l’instant grand mais de nombreux compétiteurs ont déjà vu le potentiel et désireraient l’exploiter aussi. De ce fait, la rapidité est un facteur déterminant quant à la réussite de l’entreprise. C’est l’atout majeur du Capital de Risque.
Néanmoins, les sociétés de Capital Risque vivent de leur investissement. Ainsi, à coup sûr, des restrictions financières, opérationnels, stratégiques seront demandés au fil du temps afin de sécuriser les retours. La liberté et l’autonomie chères à Honest Tea deviendraient donc aliénées étant donné que les objectifs d’Honest Tea ne sont pas que financiers.
- En ce qui concerne les anges financiers, leur atout réside dans la liberté, l’autonomie et la responsabilité sociale. En s’engageant dans le Cercle des Investisseurs, les Investisseurs ont choisi la RSE avant le profit. Ceci est visible dans l’Annexe 14.
Cependant, la procédure est plus longue, plus demandante, et les possibilités d’investissement plus réduites.
Ainsi, nous conseillerions plutôt le recours aux anges financiers étant donné qu’ils permettront à l’entreprise de garder son côté authentique qui est devenu sa marque de fabrique.

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