...Nicky Shepard September 19, 2013 CJ 407 Midterm Dan Terry PART 1 In this scenario 26 year old Bradley has involved his self in a non-hostage situation. This is considered non-hostage because of his emotions. He thinks his wife is having an affair with her college professor. Bradley is in the Pre-contemplation Stage in which he sees no reason to change and is likely to resist suggestions that he change. Validating Bradley’s lack of readiness to change by making his resistance normal; supporting his effort to re-evaluate his behavior and situation; and using reassurance, empathy, sharing commonalities, humor, being non-judgmental, and active listening during this stage. Kelln and McMurtry (2007) suggest that during the pre-contemplation stage the goal is for negotiators to develop rapport and to get the actor to recognize there is a problem. I think that this situation is negotiable, because Kelln and McMurty suggest that the negotiator use the following tactics to achieve the goals of this step in the change process: Validate the actor’s lack of readiness to change; encourage an examination of the pros and cons of their situation; encourage a re-evaluation of their behavior; explain and personalize the risk to the actor; identify and promote positive expectations of future plans and expectations; and show concern for the actor’s safety. PART 2 Bradley’s instrumental demands would be letting five students go he would get some food, a bottle of whiskey, and a promise...
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...Crisis situations or hostage negotiations and the way they are handled have changed over time. Some may say that through trial and error of historical events, have led to the number of techniques that are used in addressing crisis situations today. Two historical events that changed the way crisis situations were responded to and addressed are the 1972 Olympic terrorist attack in Munich and the 1992 Ruby Ridge standoff. These two events changed approaches in negotiations with hostage takers in the effort to try and save lives. Modern day Crisis negotiations were pretty much born from the 1972 Olympic terrorist attacks that occurred in Munich. During the incident, “13 Arab terrorists invaded the Olympic compound that housed the Israeli Olympic athletes and took 11 hostages. The terrorists demanded the release of 200 Arab prisoners held in Israel and free transportation to Egypt” (McMains & Mullins, 2014). Even though diplomats offered the terrorist several alternatives to their demands A...
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...The article, “Hostage”, by Hampton Sides explores the mind of a man, Peter Moore, who torture by a militia in Iraq for 947 days. This article also has other psychologist speak on the matter and how people in similarly situations can emerge with different reactions and side effects. Moore was in Iraq for a business trip when he was kidnapped by guards and held blind folded at gun point. The first thing the torturers did was try to break his psych by hoaxing an execution. Over the next two and a half years Moore would endure psychological, physical and emotional torture. He realized he would have to control his urges to respond in fight or flight and acquire other characteristics such as patients, optimism, and discipline. These characteristics and his imagination allowed him to overcome his traumatic experience by escaping his environment. However, this is not to be associated...
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...The Iran hostage crisis was a living nightmare for some people in 1979. The victims that were taken where some of the first people to visit Iran (Lawrence). The people got taken in November 1979. More than 50 people got kidnapped. They were held hostage for about 444 days. That is more than a year. This hostage crisis was one of the most dramatic events that americans had to face. Jimmy Carter was the president during the hostage crisis. He had a hard time with all this because he had to figure out a good way to save the people. Iran hostage crisis was not a good time for the american people. The Iran hostage crisis was a very upsetting time for the people who were involved in it. The whole hostage crisis was during the Iranian revolution. The people who took the americans hostage were iranian students. The students vowed not to release the americans until the U.S returned Shah for trial, along with billions of dollars they claimed he had stolen from the Iranian people(PBS). The students were not going to give up the hostages that easily. They were going to put up a fight until they got what they wanted. After the president realizing they weren't...
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...devices are typically used due to the fact that the information on how to create an explosive is very easy to find. Furthermore, nuclear threats have slowly diminished throughout the years, but nations are still at risk because there is always a possibility that a terrorist can obtain a nuclear weapon. On September 25, 1972, Palestinian terrorists hopped the fence with weapons in track bags. Also, they stole a key, which would allow them to access the apartments used by the Israeli teams. They ended up kidnapping nine Israelis to hold hostage, and later on the Palestinians announced that Israel must release 200 of its Arab prisoners, and release them with a safe passage out of Germany. After many hours of negotiations, the Palestinians decided to take two planes and fly the hostages out to Cairo. During this transfer, Germany had people waiting to attack the terrorists, but they did not have enough people assigned. A grenade blew up one plane of hostages, and a terrorist who got away killed...
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...and least of all a negotiation team. The Attica prison riot and the 1972 Olympic Terrorist attack both had the same things in common, hostages and demands. The following of these historical events led to a change in the application of crisis negotiation. Unit 8 The Attica prison riot began on September 9, 1971, in Attica, New York. There were about 1,000 rebelled and seized control of the prison. The reason for the riot was based on the prisoners' wanting better living conditions as the prison was over overcrowded at the time. There were 43 staff members taken hostage during the riot, which the prisoners for hostages and negations. For 4 days the prisoners made demands and the authorities agreed. Negotiations broke down over two key points. The prisoners wanted amnesty from criminal prosecution of the riot and the authorities wanted the removal of the prison’s superintendent. Once the hostages’ lives were threatened the prison was stormed, 39 people were killed, but control was regained of Attica. In the end between the riot and the storming of the prison 43 people were dead (NYSED, 2013). 1972 Olympic in Munich, West Germany was the scene of a terrorist attack. 11 members of the Israeli Olympic team, 9 were taken hostage by a group that called them self’s the Black September Organization. The BSO used the Olympic team members as hostages to demand the release of 234 prisoners that were being held in Israeli jails and others in the German prisons. Negotiations broke down...
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...Relativism and Morality In this article, “Some Moral Minima” by Lenn E. Goodman, he expresses his views about situations that he feels that are wrong. He explains and argues the wrong in murder, terrorism, hostages, slavery, rape, polygamy, and incest. He provides detailed examples of why he believes these things are wrong. I agree with him on these issues that are proven to be wrong morally. I do not believe that any one should take advantage of another person in any way i.e. discriminating or taking their life because it is unmoral in my opinion. One of the main points that the author wrote about was murder. Murder is a wrong and unmoral act and I do not feel any individual should have the right to end someone’s life for no reason at all or even if there is a reason. Who has the right to take a life? Goodman states “Murder is wrong because it destroys a human subject”. (pg.88 par.9) In Genesis 9:6 the Bible states “Whoever sheds the blood of man, by man shall his blood be shed” and the only time I feel someone should be killed is if they are in the process of harming another individual’s life or if they have taken someone’s life. For example, if a person is in danger it should be a giving right for them to defend themselves and if someone kills another person they should be persecuted and put to death. In his article one of the types of murders he talked about was genocide. Genocide is type of murder that targets individuals as members of a group, seeking to destroy...
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...son's name on the donor list. The family tries to raise the money but are only able to come up with a third of the necessary payment. Eventually the hospital gets tired of waiting and decides to release Michael, leading Denise to tell John to "do something." Unwilling to let his child die, John walks into the hospital ER with a handgun, gathers hostages, and sets demands: his son's name on the recipient list as soon as possible. The hostage negotiator, Lt. Frank Grimes stands down to let John cool off. Meanwhile, John and the 11 hostages communicate and learn more about each other. They begin to understand John's situation and support him a little as he ensures each of them receive the treatment they came to the emergency room for. One of them, Miriam, is pregnant, and her husband Steve is hoping that their first kid is healthy. A young hostage, Julie, has a broken arm, and she and her boyfriend Mitch claim that a car crash caused it, but due to some holes in their story John and another hostage, Lester are able to conclude that the two are lying and that Mitch had actually beat Julie up. After a while John agrees to release some hostages...
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...to far because his/her mistake can lead to detrimental circumstances. To clarify, hostages as well as the negotiator’s fellow police officers may be hurt due to a ruse gone badly. A ruse that could be an advantage according to Mcmains & Mullins (2013) is lying to the actor about a favor. For example, if the lights were left on where the actor was located, the negotiator can lie and tell the actor that he talked the incident commander into keeping the lights on because he/she felt that the actor was basically a good person that made a bad mistake. This lie can never be revealed by the actor (unless leaked out by law enforcement) because the actor really does not know if the negotiator was lying to them or not. This lie would be a good one if the negotiator gained a good rapport with the actor. Therefore the actor may feel that they are obligated into returning a favor by possibly releasing a hostage, or surrendering (Mcmains & Mullins, 2013). A negotiator should not use a ruse that could be easily found out by an actor because that ruse would probably eliminate any rapport the negotiator had with the actor which would be a huge disadvantage. Also a negotiator should not utilize a ruse with an actor that they do not have any rapport with because that form of dishonesty if revealed as a dishonest gesture may be the final button that is pushed, which can cause the actor to hurt or kill a hostage. In closing a negotiator should lie to an actor as long as the lie cannot be...
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...leading to numerous deaths of soldiers and civilians alike. Besides, we often hear of suicide bombers in Iraq, in a bid to topple the current democratic government in place. Therefore, it is difficult to say that today’s world is a safer one. Moreover, we face, see and hear about a lot more crime today than we did in the past. If you watch the news, you will hear about a lot of crimes such as random killings or intentional kidnappings in exchange for ransoms. Some murderers taken into custody have been proven to be psychopaths lacking rational thoughts. Thus their victims usually die horrible deaths without any plausible explanations. In most kidnap cases reported, it has been observed that violent and cruel methods are used against their hostages, sometimes involving torture. Not only do they ask for ransom, there are no...
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...Joshua 11/18/13 After school essay There are many things that different people like to do when they get home from school so today I will be telling you guys about the many different things I do after school and all of them will fall under three categories: Outdoors, School and last but not least, Friends. So let’s get started with Outdoors. Outdoors is one of three categories of things I do after school there are many different things I do that are outdoors but for you the readers sake I will name a couple, Scouts is the first one now I have been a scout for 4 years now and I always enjoy it we do a lot of cool trips and campouts, Now scouts has been something that I find interesting it’s a combination of sports and physical labor and learning half of scouts is about learning like you learn a lot about different things for example I have learned a ton of different things in scouts that I would have never learned in school like in scouts I learned CPR which is part of the first aid merit badge and also its required in a couple other merit badges, I have also learned many different poisons plants and trees and berries and also a couple of edible ones, mainly we learned how to survive in a lot of scenarios like storms and animal attacks, also in outdoors I love to go on hikes if I have the time because I love to be able to see all the nature in its purest form I have seen a lot of different ecosystems and different big landmarks. School the one topic that is going to be...
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...when they were young; they both were trained for terroristic actions. He is completely loyal to Artkin and he is a kind of model for Miro so he follows everything he says and beliefs in everything Artkin tells him. His assignment in the hijacking was to kill the driver right away after they reached the bridge but he did not kill the driver because it was a girl and he has a kind of flaw for American girls also they could benefit from her as she is a girl and can care for the children they held hostage. Miro says that American boys would consider Kate, the driver, as attractive and alike them he does. He feels himself attracted from her and that is maybe also the reason he does not kill her for a long time. It’s not sure but in the end Kate, says that Artkin was Miros father and because of that he killsher. Kate: Kate Forrester is a bus driver temp for her Uncle and is a blonde American girl she is aged around 17-18 and a high school student. She is also one of the hostages taken by the four terrorists and she had to care for the children in the bus. Kate hates the Terrorists and thinks they are outrageos and she is ofcourse very uncomfortable with...
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...TYPOLOGIES OF TERRORISM Just as there is no one good definition of terrorism, typologies do not account for all forms of terrorism. Typology development in criminology and criminal justice scholarship seems to exist for the ease of teaching. Prof. Eskridge's Terrorism Page, from his course on terrorism out in Nebraska has some graphic examples of typologies, but it should be noted that typologies of terrorism are usually NEITHER motive-based NOR behavior-based, like they are in other areas of criminological study, such as the areas of profiling and street crime (the exception being Hacker's typology of terrorists by traits, included below). This is evident from the following examples commonly found in textbooks and/or in the strangely confused way the media reports what is going on in times of terrorist-related crisis or war (Hess & Kalb 2003). In the following typologies, notice in the headings how the types are classified in different ways. |Terrorism Classified by Place | |1. Domestic -- by residents of a country within that country | |2. International -- by representatives of a country against another country | |3. Non-state -- extremism and revolution for its own sake | |4. State-sponsored -- by a government against its own people or in support of international | |terrorism against...
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...The use of violence as a means of resistance invokes problematic actions. In the context of the ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka, militias made use of child soldiers to fight against the military. We quote from the narrative of Sukumar (male, 36 years) a Tamil refugee living in a camp in India, who was kidnapped as a child by a militia and trained to become a soldier, ‘My father used to work as a school teacher. He taught me to read and write. One day, I was at home, and my father had gone to work. I was 10 years old at that time. The people from a local militia came and kidnapped me. I was to be trained to become a child soldier. When my father came back and discovered what had happened, he broke down. He went to the people in the militia and begged them to let me go. They refused. He came there everyday for a week and cried, but the people in the militia showed no sympathy. So at the age of 10, I started participating in physical exercises that trained me for the military. I also learnt to use the gun. As a child I did not understand what was happening. Also, the sense of physical fatigue was easily overcome, and I got used to the drill. I stopped going to school. Whatever little I can read and write was due to what my father had taught me when I was very young.’ The kidnapping of the child is an act of colonising the body. In converting the child into a soldier, the body of the child is mechanised. The resistance has been reduced to the practice of management. Continuing...
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...Kidnapping for ransom is a common occurrence in various parts of the world today, and certain cities and countries are often described as the "Kidnapping Capital of the World." As of 2007, that title belongs to Iraq with possibly 1,500 foreigners kidnapped.[22][23] In 2004, it was Mexico,[24] and in 2001, it was Colombia.[25] Statistics are harder to come by. Reports suggest a world total of 12,500-25,500/year with 3,600/year in Colombia and 3,000/year in Mexico around the year 2000.[26] However by 2006, the number of kidnappings in Colombia had declined to 687 and it continues to decline.[27] Mexican numbers are hard to confirm because of fears of police involvement in kidnapping.[28] "Kidnapping seems to flourish particularly in fragile states and conflict countries, as politically motivated militias, organized crime and the drugs mafia fill the vacuum left by government."[21] In 2009, the Los Angeles Times named Phoenix, Arizona[29] as America's kidnapping capital, reporting that every year hundreds of ransom kidnappings occur there, virtually all within the underworld associated with human and drug smuggling from Mexico, and often done as a way of collecting unpaid debts. Other major U.S. cities that are hotbeds for kidnappings are Detroit, Atlanta, New Orleans, Houston, and Chicago.[29] Many of them are done by major street gangs near tourist attractions. During the year 1999 in the United States, 203,900 children were reported as the victims of family abductions and 58...
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