...The Iran hostage crisis was a living nightmare for some people in 1979. The victims that were taken where some of the first people to visit Iran (Lawrence). The people got taken in November 1979. More than 50 people got kidnapped. They were held hostage for about 444 days. That is more than a year. This hostage crisis was one of the most dramatic events that americans had to face. Jimmy Carter was the president during the hostage crisis. He had a hard time with all this because he had to figure out a good way to save the people. Iran hostage crisis was not a good time for the american people. The Iran hostage crisis was a very upsetting time for the people who were involved in it. The whole hostage crisis was during the Iranian revolution. The people who took the americans hostage were iranian students. The students vowed not to release the americans until the U.S returned Shah for trial, along with billions of dollars they claimed he had stolen from the Iranian people(PBS). The students were not going to give up the hostages that easily. They were going to put up a fight until they got what they wanted. After the president realizing they weren't...
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...In the direct aftermath of the 1979 revolution, that sought to dethrone the Shah, the political climate that was left by the Pahlavi regime was chaotic and disorganised. Prior to the American hostage crisis, it was not clear to what extent the formation of a clerical and purely Shi’a Islamic regime could take place. Arguably, the hostage crisis played an important role in the consolidation of the clerical regime: it allowed for one single cause to rally behind; shaped and characterised the religious and clerical nature of the regime; and provided a means of catalysing subsequent events that would be crucial in the development of the Islamic Republic. The consolidation of the clerical regime can be attributed to three national catastrophes...
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...The Arizona department of corrections Morey unit matter showed the true nature, of how dangerous the job of corrections is also this occurrence showed. That the smallest security glitch can be the greatest weapon of inmates in could cost staff in many ways than one. The doc policy and protocols they used were not as helpful, and not as useful; they could have been in the situation they faced. That they lack the knowledge they needed to stop the situation from escalating the way that it did. In this paper, the reader will learn about the recommendation, which the staff should have used. That would have benefited everyone within the Morey unit hostage situation like Prisoner also Yard Security, Kitchen safety measures also actions, Guard Tower defenses, measures, Defensive strategy, practices, Communications, personal, also Division reaction, Inter-Agency strategic Intel collecting and Negotiation and conclusion. These methods as such would give knowledge of how the situation would not have gone as far as it did and how quickly it would have resolved or prevented the matter from even happening. The Morey unit case was an eye opening experience. Because of that after the situation had taken place, there were so many errors, which occurred, causing the two inmates to have the upper hand on the correction guards in the Morey unit. Because of that opened the floodgates of errors with the policies and staff in which discovered that prisoners only obtain searching, when they left their...
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...George H.W. Bush, all were presidents who had both Good experiences and bad moments during their presidencies. All three lived through crisis during their presidency, and much of what is remember about them is their ability to handle these situations. Although opinions differ on who did a better job, it is possible to evaluate how they handled their situation and see the similarities and differences. For Carter the major crisis was the Iranian Hostage Crisis. According to article on the Iranian Crisis for 444 days americans were held hostage, while Carter and his counterparts attempted to negotiate their release. Unfortunately, no deal was made during his presidency, ending his presidency on a low. Although he was incapable to end the hostage situation, Carter’s presidency was not all a loss. Camp David turned out to be the highlight of Carters term where he did what no other US president has done since. During which, his stubbornness prevailed and allowed a deal to...
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...The following paper serves to explain the thought process of acting upon the following scenario: You are a police psychologist for a major metropolitan area. You are also a member of its hostage negotiation team. You have just been called out to a crisis incident at 3:15 p.m. on a Friday. It is a residential area about three blocks from a middle school and a public library. The information you have at this time is that the subject is a 42-year-old male who is holed up in his house with his wife, son, and family friend. He has murdered his next-door neighbor and is threatening to kill those in the house if he does not get his demands. One of his demands is for immunity from the murder charge if he surrenders without harming any of the people in the house. He also wants a case of beer and some fast food soon or "something will happen". The focus of this essay is to explain the type of incident that has occurred, which category this hostage-taker falls into, and what my optimal role is in the situation as a police psychologist. Next will be to provide a plan and course of action to interact with the suspect, explain the precautions to be taken, along with the precautions I will request the department to take, express what fundamental problems that I as a police psychologist may be able to foresee in a prolong standoff and how to address them. Identifying the sources used to gather information regarding the perpetrator and the specific information that would be most beneficial...
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...administration ultimately led to the Iranian hostage situation. The Shah of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, was overthrown by his people; he faced a dilemma due to his lack of support from other nations. Ayatollah Khamenei persuaded many people and took advantage of the chaotic nation; he allowed himself to become the Supreme Leader of Iran. President Carter commented on human rights, yet he failed to notice the Shah’s police agency, SAVAK, brutalizing citizens by using inhumane methods. When Jimmy Carter allowed the Shah into the US for medical treatment, it was the tipping point for the hostage crisis. The students of Iran flooded the US Embassy in Tehran; they believed the United States should not meddle in the country’s inner matters....
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...Iran, when I hear this word, many things cross my mind. Among the few people who share the same experience as I did, there is one thing we know for sure. We will never forget those 444 days in Iran. Iran hostage crisis, yeah, it surely was a crisis. None of us knew our experience in Iran would be so different than what our government contract asked us to do. Although I have always been loved my country, I had one thing that kept going through in my mind every day when I was held as a hostage: failed foreign policy. We knew each one of us were victim of the U.S. foreign policy; Government knew this incident could happen. They might not have known that there will be a hostage crisis, but it was apparent they knew something was going wrong. Even until these days, I see there was tension between Iran and the U.S. which started from a bad beginning. As a person who felt the diplomatic failure in a physical form such as hostage crisis, I know the Iran hostage crisis is what triggered the U.S. to approach other states with various foreign policies. At least, there has not been any more hostile events like the one we had to go through. The day started as just a normal day of November. The sky was blue and air was crisp. It almost feels like being in home, I thought. It already has been six months since I have been working at the embassy in Tehran. After graduating from college, I decided to work for foreign affairs and applied for a job in foreign policy department. As a new employee...
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...energy crisis. Reagan also ran a very strong campaign and managed to appeal to voters far better than Carter, as they saw that he had a clear vision, something they did not see in the president. These factors all contributed to Reagan’s victory over Carter in 1980, even though the turnout was only 53% of the electorate. One main reason Carter did not manage to win the 1980 election was his weak handling of the Iran hostage crisis, which made him a victim of events that were out of his control. After Iranian militants stormed the American embassy in Tehran due to their protest against Carter allowing the exiled Shah to receive cancer treatment in the USA, they took 60 American hostages. The embassy was only supposed to be held for a few hours but the hostages were held until President Reagan was sworn into office. This made Carter look weak, especially after his failed rescue attempt which left more Americans dead and injured after some of the helicopters crashed. The hostage crisis dragged on throughout election year, and many felt that Carter had messed up everything. The energy crisis worsened Carter’s campaign. The United States had been economically self sufficient post world war two, however in the 1970s they became dependent on middle eastern oil. More than half of US oil had to be imported. At one point, power stations had to start closing on Sundays or cut their hours in order to conserve supplies of fuel. Carter had gone wrong in his handling of this crisis by not...
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...representing the actual Iran Hostage Crisis” Fake Sci-fi movie flick The movie Argo visualizes an accurate retelling of the real Iran Hostage Crisis. The movie Argo displays a precise story line in which the CIA establishes a fake movie production in order to rescue six American ambassadors out of Iran. CIA took advantage of the political crisis happening in Iran. “The Iranian government, incredibly, was trying to encourage international business in the country. They needed the hard currency and a film production could mean millions of dollars.” (Bearman, 2007). Therefore, CIA came up with the plan of producing a fake sci-fi movie flick in Iran. In the film Argo Ben Affleck was chosen to play the lead role of Tony Mendez. A considerable part of the movie Argo focuses on the Canada’s role in the escape. Canada received complete credit for rescuing these American ambassadors. In the reality Canada was actually given recognition for rescuing Americans out of Teheran. The scenes in the movie Argo successfully portray the fear of American ambassadors. As demonstrated by this dialogue “Don’t f**king shoot anyone. You don’t wanna be the son of b*tch who started the war. They need an hour to be classified. I need you to hold. If you shoot one person, they are gonna shoot everyone of us in here” (Affleck, 2012). This dialogue demonstrates the fear of American ambassador. These six Americans were in the same state of fear during the Iran Hostage Crisis. Another portion of the movie...
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...Adalberto Saenz 7/27/2013 BU3110 Final Part 4 Hostage Negotiations Hostage situations involve the taking of a person captive for Tangible reasons; the suspect needs the police or other authorities to meet specific demands (e.g., ransom, transportation, money). In these events, the captive is used as leverage to obtain other substantive goals.Law enforcement agencies have been employing negotiation strategies in their responses to hostage/barricade situations, kidnappings, personal crises, and other critical incidents since they were first introduced by the New York City Police Department in 1973. Fewer than 20 percent of law enforcement critical incidents deal with actual hostage taking, and most crises are successfully resolved without loss of life. In fact, containment and negotiation strategies yield a 95 percent success rate in terms of resolving a hostage crisis without fatalities to either hostages or hostage-takers There are three especially dangerous periods during a hostage crisis. The first is the initial 15-45 minutes when confusion and panic are likely to be greatest. The second is during the surrender of the Hostage / Takers, when strong emotions, ambivalence, and lack of coordination among “HT’s” and crisis team members can cause an otherwise successful resolution to go bad. Finally, tactical assault to rescue the hostages carries the highest casualty rate, probably for two interrelated reasons. First, the very fact that tactical intervention is necessary...
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...Iranian Hostage Crisis Lance Richard Mr. Gaspard English IV April 26, 2013 Iranian Hostage Crisis Can anyone imagine being in captivity for four hundred forty-four days. Away from family and friends, wondering what is going on in the outside world.The Iranian Hostage Crisis was a horrid time for fifty-three Americans who were held hostage in the worst conditions of there lives against there will. The living conditions and time spent in captivity took a mental and physical toll on the Americans involved. The hatred among the United States and Iran grew significantly during the time of the crisis. The Iranian Hostage Crisis was the greatest contributor to negatively impacting the economy and US's realtionship with Iran. The Iranian Hostage began on November 4, 1979 and lasted for four hundred forty-four days until January 20 1981. In 1977 the stage was set for the revolution and the virtual severance of ties between Iran and the United States (Gorman 1181)The seizure of the American embassy was initially planned in September 1979 by Ebrahim Asgharzadez (“Iranian Hostage Crisis” weebly). The takeover was orginally suppose to be short-term but US didnt follow the demands of Iran. In the words of Asgharzades, “We intented to detain.... for a few days, ,aybe one week, but no more.”(Gorman 1184) Asgharzadez consulted with the heads of the Islamic associations of Tehran's main universities. “Our aim was to object the...
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...Unit 8 Joseph Delbert CJ407-01: Crisis Negotiation 01-07-2014 Abstract We have not always had crisis negotiation there was a time we law enforcement relied on just the basic communicational skills of their officers. There were no set guidelines to negotiation, not formal training, and least of all a negotiation team. The Attica prison riot and the 1972 Olympic Terrorist attack both had the same things in common, hostages and demands. The following of these historical events led to a change in the application of crisis negotiation. Unit 8 The Attica prison riot began on September 9, 1971, in Attica, New York. There were about 1,000 rebelled and seized control of the prison. The reason for the riot was based on the prisoners' wanting better living conditions as the prison was over overcrowded at the time. There were 43 staff members taken hostage during the riot, which the prisoners for hostages and negations. For 4 days the prisoners made demands and the authorities agreed. Negotiations broke down over two key points. The prisoners wanted amnesty from criminal prosecution of the riot and the authorities wanted the removal of the prison’s superintendent. Once the hostages’ lives were threatened the prison was stormed, 39 people were killed, but control was regained of Attica. In the end between the riot and the storming of the prison 43 people were dead (NYSED, 2013). 1972 Olympic in Munich...
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...rescue mission was the riskiest that “could be taken militarily without engaging in an outright act of war.” Although this option had a low probability of success like sanctions, the retrieval of hostages was considered “paramount for personal, political, and international reasons.” At the time, those close to Carter perceived the mission as “more easily containable and less prone to uncontrollable escalation” than mining the harbors or conducting military strikes. The Carter Administration thus evaluated the mission as the only option with both the perfect balance of minimal political and military risks as well as the only option that would allow Carter to recover his losses and make additional gains. If successful, the hostages would return home, Carter’s approval ratings would improve in time for reelection, and America’s international prestige and the status quo would be restored. If unsuccessful, tensions would escalate with Iran and potentially place the lives of the hostages at risk. It was also possible that Carter’s image would be tainted internationally and he would lose the election. Using prospect theory, it is important to note that Carter advisor Zbigniew Brzezinski, who strongly supported the mission, framed the decision based on his notion of the importance of the hostages’ safety in addition to preserving America’s national power and prestige. Unlike Vance,...
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...to far because his/her mistake can lead to detrimental circumstances. To clarify, hostages as well as the negotiator’s fellow police officers may be hurt due to a ruse gone badly. A ruse that could be an advantage according to Mcmains & Mullins (2013) is lying to the actor about a favor. For example, if the lights were left on where the actor was located, the negotiator can lie and tell the actor that he talked the incident commander into keeping the lights on because he/she felt that the actor was basically a good person that made a bad mistake. This lie can never be revealed by the actor (unless leaked out by law enforcement) because the actor really does not know if the negotiator was lying to them or not. This lie would be a good one if the negotiator gained a good rapport with the actor. Therefore the actor may feel that they are obligated into returning a favor by possibly releasing a hostage, or surrendering (Mcmains & Mullins, 2013). A negotiator should not use a ruse that could be easily found out by an actor because that ruse would probably eliminate any rapport the negotiator had with the actor which would be a huge disadvantage. Also a negotiator should not utilize a ruse with an actor that they do not have any rapport with because that form of dishonesty if revealed as a dishonest gesture may be the final button that is pushed, which can cause the actor to hurt or kill a hostage. In closing a negotiator should lie to an actor as long as the lie cannot be...
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...typologies do not account for all forms of terrorism. Typology development in criminology and criminal justice scholarship seems to exist for the ease of teaching. Prof. Eskridge's Terrorism Page, from his course on terrorism out in Nebraska has some graphic examples of typologies, but it should be noted that typologies of terrorism are usually NEITHER motive-based NOR behavior-based, like they are in other areas of criminological study, such as the areas of profiling and street crime (the exception being Hacker's typology of terrorists by traits, included below). This is evident from the following examples commonly found in textbooks and/or in the strangely confused way the media reports what is going on in times of terrorist-related crisis or war (Hess & Kalb 2003). In the following typologies, notice in the headings how the types are classified in different ways. |Terrorism Classified by Place | |1. Domestic -- by residents of a country within that country | |2. International -- by representatives of a country against another country | |3. Non-state -- extremism and revolution for its own sake | |4. State-sponsored -- by a government against its own people or in support of international | |terrorism against another government ...
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