...Integration: The Bible and Accounting ACCT 212 Liberty University February 18, 2013 Abstract The following paper will show just how the Bible not only affects our spiritual life, but also our financial lives as well. For example, liabilities and investments are simply the use of money to, hopefully gain more money. Also discussed are the practice of borrowing and accumulating debt. The Bible doesn't specifically forbid these concepts, but it does give a clear warning about them. Corporations use accounting to keep an accurate record of their business much in the same way that a Christian student uses tools to keep track of their studies. Just as Christians go by the code of ethics set forth in the Bible, businesses use a code of ethics to keep their reputation such that consumers will want to utilize their products and services. There are many similarities between the Bible and accounting. This paper showcases some of these examples. Introduction to Accounting and the Bible Accounting is an information and measurement system that identifies, records, and communicates relevant, reliable, and comparable information. Today, accounting is considered “the language of business” because it reports financial information to a business to help others make better decisions. Accounting information is communicated through financial statements such as income statements, statements of owner equity, balance sheets, and statements of cash...
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...Accounting Information Systems Research Paper Abstract The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX) was enacted into law in 2002 in the wake of corporation financial reporting scandals involving large publicly held companies. SOX instituted new strict financial regulations with the intent of improving accounting practices and protecting investors from corporate misconduct. SOX requires corporate executives to vouch for the accuracy of financial statements, and to institute and monitor effective internal controls over financial reporting. The cost of implementing an effective internal control structure are onerous, and SOX inflicts opportunity costs upon an enterprise as executives have become more risk adverse due to fears of incrimination. The Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) was created by SOX to oversee the accounting process and dictate independence requirements for auditors and auditing committees. The PCAOB proposed regulations must be approved by the SEC before they are enacted. Since the passage of SOX, the IT department has become critical in designing and implementing the internal controls in company accounting information systems. The Information Technology Governance Institute (ITGI) created a framework called Control Objectives for Information and Related Technology (COBIT) to provide guidance for companies to implement and monitor IT governance. Accounting Information Systems Research Paper The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 changed the...
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...Accounting Information Systems Research Paper Abstract The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX) was enacted into law in 2002 in the wake of corporation financial reporting scandals involving large publicly held companies. SOX instituted new strict financial regulations with the intent of improving accounting practices and protecting investors from corporate misconduct. SOX requires corporate executives to vouch for the accuracy of financial statements, and to institute and monitor effective internal controls over financial reporting. The cost of implementing an effective internal control structure are onerous, and SOX inflicts opportunity costs upon an enterprise as executives have become more risk adverse due to fears of incrimination. The Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) was created by SOX to oversee the accounting process and dictate independence requirements for auditors and auditing committees. The PCAOB proposed regulations must be approved by the SEC before they are enacted. Since the passage of SOX, the IT department has become critical in designing and implementing the internal controls in company accounting information systems. The Information Technology Governance Institute (ITGI) created a framework called Control Objectives for Information and Related Technology (COBIT) to provide guidance for companies to implement and monitor IT governance. Accounting Information Systems Research Paper The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 changed the...
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...Biblical perspective in their assignments. On the other hand, most of our students are in fact practicing Christians, who may not have a fully developed Biblical worldview when it comes to understanding business concepts. We therefore hope that this document will achieve two goals: 1) Help students better understand the relevance and indeed the preeminence of Scripture and Jesus Christ as Lord and Savior in the realm of business; and 2) Provide useful and understandable points of application for leadership and business behavior, including the primary and secondary functions of business. INTRODUCTION There are certain intellectual and philosophical criteria that can be used to test any worldview, and we want our students to understand how and why the Christian worldview uniquely meets those criterion and therefore passes the worldview “test” in the following ways: • A worldview is the intellectual, emotional, and perhaps even spiritual framework by which we apprehend reality and assign meaning to life. Everyone has a worldview; it may not be very developed, but nevertheless, everyone is approaching life based upon one. We believe that a worldview based upon Biblical truth is the most logically sound and meaningful approach to understanding and living life. CHRISTIANITY AND THE WORLDVIEW TEST • • Epistemology (the study of what is true): God revealed through nature, his Word, and Christ, the Living Word of God; a worldview that starts with random chance or an...
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...personal and business connections. This expected Christian behavior is the foundation of God’s desire for us to not only believe in right and wrong, but to live it through our actions. As references in Leviticus 19:35, “Do not use dishonest standards when measuring length, weight or quantity,” we learn the great importance God places in being faithful and honest. These concepts directly relate to the fields of accounting and finance as witnessed through professional associations, ethical decision-making, and numerous biblical teachings. American Institute of Certified Public Accountants The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) was established as a professional organization to assist members with their role and responsibilities as accountants. More specifically, the foundation of their profession is built upon a Model Code of Professional Conduct guiding members in the basic belief and framework of ethical conduct. These guiding principles call for an “unswerving...
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...will be highlighted with an emphasis on cash flow analysis and the cash budget. The use of financial ratios will be introduced along with the time value of money. There is an introduction to managerial accounting concepts, relevant costs in managerial decision-making, and capital budgeting techniques. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This course was developed by Dr. Geoffrey Goldsmith and Dr. Marsha James of the graduate faculty of the School of Business at Belhaven University (Jackson, MS, campus). TOPICS Application of honesty and business ethics in corporate finance Biblical perspective on investing and risk/return Contents of the corporate annual reports Financial statements and cash flow Cash budget Analysis of financial statements through the use of financial ratios Time value of money Flexible budgeting Managerial accounting concepts Capital budgeting techniques COURSE OBJECTIVES Identify the Christian principles of honesty and greed as they relate to financial reporting and ethical business practices. Discuss the importance of Biblical principles related to the accumulation of wealth through investing and the giving to others. Describe the purpose and content of financial statements. Understand how the basic financial statements articulate to each other Understand the importance and derivation of a cash budget Discuss the use of financial statement ratios analysis to evaluate the financial condition...
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...The Hyppolite Family “The purpose of this paper is to apply the Family Systems Stressor-Strengths Inventory (FS3I) to a family and present an analysis of the finding.” For the purpose of this paper the family will been known as the Hyppolite Family. The family discussed in this paper is considered a traditional nuclear family living in a single family home. Included is a Father Andrew Hyppolite (AH) age 38, a mother Katharine (KH), age 36, and four children Zoë , Timothy, Sarah, and Scott, whose ages are 9, 7, 5,3. Andrew and Katherine have been married for 10 years. The mother is a stay a home mom who performs household duties and children activities. The husband Andrew works outside the home at an Accounting Firm. Both parents have a college education. The wife Katherine stopped working as a full time Registered Nurse after their second child was born to stay at home more often. She continues to works part-time at the local hospital. The father is considered the breadwinner of the family being the only one that works full-time the household. The children are 2 years apart and have a close bond due to the age difference. All the children are involved in school activities such as soccer, ballet/dance, football, and gymnastics. In general, the Hyppolite family is described as more focused as a family unit and family activities. The family eats together every night and on Sunday they have family game/movie night every week. Also they are involved in church events and attend...
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...Examining the Use of Automated Calling From a Christian Perspective. Emma Tucker Liberty University September, 2015 The use of automated calling telephone technology from a Christian perspective means that the technology should be used with good ethical behavior of biblical principles of integrity, accountability and honesty. The religious consequences of technology use, is of great concerns to me because it can relate to the development of my faith, and belief in God’s power, which influence me to live as kindheartedly and responsibly as possible. Also, people should not use Automated-calling technology to gossip and slander or spread secrets, and maliciously speak about someone else. People should follow the scripture at Proverbs 11:13 “Whoever goes about slandering reveals secrets, but he who is trustworthy in spirit keeps a thing covered” (KJV). Telemarketers first used automated calling in the late 70s for business-to-business and business to consumers for marketing their products and services (Marng, 2015). Automated call centers provided marketer’s with an autocall distributor (ACD) to route customers inbound calls to market their products and services in a competitive manner (Bianchi, 1998). A recent trend used by marketers in telemarketing is used to robocall customers. There are jobs that robots will take from humans (Gilson, D. May 22, 2015). One of the jobs on the list is already preformed by automated phone calls to people during dinnertime. Automated...
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...Discrimination against Women Abstract This paper looks into the various forms of discrimination against women, which prevail in approximately all parts of the globe. Women usually bear the heaviest weight of exploitation and marginalization by society as a whole. In addition, women also often suffer from exploitation and oppression by men. Women are faced with discriminatory behavior in all stages of their adult life. Throughout history, women normally have had less career opportunities and legal rights and than men. In this paper, we look at how women are discriminated against based on their gender in public life, employment, politics, religion, education, marital status and family, social services, and before the law. Introduction Research data have revealed that discriminatory practices against women prevail in approximately all parts of the globe. Discrimination against women based on their gender occurs in public life, employment, politics, religion, education, marital status and family, social services, and before the law. Women make up half of the population of the world and carry out two-thirds of the globe’s labor hours. Women obtain a tenth of the income of the world and possess less than a hundredth of the world’s property. Women usually bear the heaviest weight of exploitation and marginalization by society as a whole. In addition, women also often suffer from exploitation and oppression by men. For example, women perform 50 to 70% of all agricultural...
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...ACCOUNT CONTENTS 1.0. Aims and Objectives 1.1 Introduction 1.1.1. Definition 1.2. Sundry Debtors 1.3. Sundry Creditors 1.4. Final Accounts 1.5. Trading Account 1.5.1. Balancing of Trading Account 1.6. Profit and Loss Account 1.7. Balance Sheet 1.7.1. Definition 1.7.2. Objectives of Balance Sheet 1.7.3. Assets 1.7.4. Liabilities 1.8. Difference between a Trial Balance and a Balance Sheet 1.9. Let Us Sum Up 1.10 Lesson end Activities 1.11. Points for Discussion 1.12. Model answer to “Check your Progress” 1.13. Suggested Reading / References/ Sources 1.0 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES At the end of the lesson you be able to: Ø Understand basics of Final Accounts Ø Understand the difference between Profit and Loss Account with Trial Balance Ø Understand how to prepare Balance Sheet 1.1 INTRODUCTION All business transactions are first recorded in Journal or Subsidiary Books. They are transferred to Ledger and balanced it. The main object of keeping the books of accounts is to ascertain the profit or loss of business and to assess the financial position of the business at the end of the year. The object is better served if the businessman first satisfies himself that the accounts written up during the year are correct or al least arithmetically accurate. When the transactions are recorded under double entry system, there is a credit for every debit, when on a/c is debited; another a/c is credited with equal amount. If a Statement is prepared with debit balances on one side and credit balances on...
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...before. We should not blame Spaniards because of it. Then, you may probably asked, who then should be blamed for it? As researchers, we are not saying that all of us should be blamed. But instead of blaming others, let us rather do something to eradicate this evil that causes misery to all of us. Graft is defined as one of the forms of political corruption. It is the unscrupulous use of the politician’s authority for personal gain. Most governmental systems have laws in place to prevent graft although this does not always halt political corruption. Political corruption is the use of power by government officials for illegitimate private gain. An illegal act by an officeholder constitutes political corruption only if the act is directly related to their official duties, is done under colour of law or involves trading in influence. Forms of corruption vary, but include bribery, extortion, cronyism, nepotism, patronage, graft, and embezzlement. Corruption may facilitate criminal enterprise such as drug trafficking, money laundering, and human trafficking, though is not restricted to these activities. Misuse of government power for other purposes, such as repression of political opponents and general police brutality, is not considered political corruption. Neither are illegal acts by private persons or corporations not directly involved with the government. Ordinary people can also be corrupt in their own simple ways. For example, you don’t have enough allowance for that day. You...
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... ВИКОНАЛА: ПЕРЕВІРИЛА: Харків 2012 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE, YOUNG PEOPLE AND SPORT OF UKRAINE KHARKIV NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS Department of Foreign Languages “Purpose and Principles of Accounting” “Accounting and audit” Faculty (2-2) Supervisor: Kharkiv 2012 Accountancy Accountancy is the process of communicating financial information about a business entity to users such as shareholders and managers. The communication is generally in the form of financial statements that show in money terms the economic resources under the control of management; the art lies in selecting the information that is relevant to the user and is reliable. Accountancy is a branch of mathematical...
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...Original Article How to ‘mark-to-market’ when there is no market Received (in revised form): 12th December 2010 Samuel Francis is an attorney and certified public accountant experienced in corporate, litigation, audit and tax matters focusing his practice on financial services and investment management. He holds a BS in accounting from the City University of New York, Brooklyn College and a JD from Fordham University School of Law. He is the author of the 2009 award-winning article ‘Meet Two-Face: The Dualistic Rule 10b-5 and the Quandary of Offsetting Losses by Gains’. Fordham Law Review 77(6): 3045–3094. Correspondence: Samuel Francis, 321 Roselle Avenue, Cedarhurst, NY 11516, USA E-mail: samfrancis@optonline.net ABSTRACT At the center of the global financial crisis of 2007–2008 was the collapse of American International Group, brought on by extensive unhedged positions in derivatives, such as credit default swaps, and possibly exacerbated by mark-to-market accounting rules. Even though these rules generally produce the most realistic valuations of derivatives, a heated debate broke out over their application in a dislocated market. The foremost concern was that forcing financial institutions to mark down assets to their current market prices actually causes further declines. Regulators largely dismissed such concerns, but acknowledged that the existing standards could use additional clarification and modification. Many scholarly studies have since concurred that...
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...INTRODUCTION Historical Background Just after the Second World War, when the nation was devastated and Filipinos were in need of medicines, Isosceles Pascual and his wife, Leonora Figueroa-Pascual, founded Pascuallab as a single proprietorship. They operated their business out of Tondo, Manila with products for treatment of tuberculosis and vitamin deficiency then. In 1952, the Pascuals modernized their plant in Tondo and expanded the operations to include anti-infectives and cardiovascular medicines. By the 1960s, Pascuallab entered into strategic partnerships with foreign-based companies and became a corporation. It was during this time that it formalized the marketing and sales activities and strengthened its Product Research and Development Division. In the 1970s, Pascuallab transferred its manufacturing plant from Tondo to a place then known as Km 31, MacArthur Highway in Balagtas, Bulacan in response to the government’s call to locate all factories outside the 30-kilometer radius from Manila. The head office moved to Epifanio de los Santos Avenue (EDSA), Quezon City. Pharex Corporation assumed the distribution of the company’s products. In the 1980s, the company made Metro Drug Crop. as product distributor and officially appointed Pharex health Corp as the marketing arm of Pascual Corp’s generic products. It also formed the Consumer Products Division to market personal hygiene and vitamin products. In the 1990s, it went into intensive marketing for consumer health...
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...401k through CMC Interactive website on the Friday of the payroll. 4. Transmit 401K Through Charles Schwab (after transmitting through CMC interactive). 5. Update 401k spreadsheets for FY Financials. 6. Enter payroll journal entries into QuickBooks – Payroll J/E Vacation J/E Class Allocation 401k 7. Enter Invoices into Burn Rates spreadsheets. 8. Check Burn Rate spreadsheets to make sure there is enough funding 9. Update FY Time bank spreadsheet for FY Financial Reports. Accounting Principles Indirect Cost – Any cost that cannot be directly identified with a single final cost objective but can be identified with two or more final cost objectives or an intermediate cost objective. (Cost Accounting Standard – CAS) EXAMPLE of Indirect Costs: Paid time off, holiday pay, Fica, Medicare, Futa, Suta, payroll expenses, 401k matching expense, 401k administration fee, Group health, Life Insurance, Disability,...
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