...COURSE PARTICIPANTS’ PAPERS GRAFT AND CORRUPTION: THE PHILIPPINE EXPERIENCE Nelson Nogot Moratalla* I. INTRODUCTION This paper will present a condensed report on graft and corruption in the Philippines. Information was compiled by the author from documents, articles, newspaper clippings and other data gathered from the reports and journals of the Ombudsman and the Sandiganbayan, two of the constitutional bodies mandated by Philippine law to investigate and act on complaints filed against public officials and employees for violations of graft and corrupt practices. More specifically, this report will cover input from an unpublished research paper prepared by scholars from the University of the Philippines, College of Public Administration, whom I will accordingly acknowledge in this work.1 This report will generally follow the outline as provided. The first portion will introduce the theoretical perspective and context of corruption in the Philippines. It clarifies the national context within which corruption operates. It will look into the intersection of corruption and Philippine history and culture. It will likewise discuss some public perceptions of corruption. Estimates of the extent and losses of corruption in the Philippines will be briefly discussed. The history of the Philippine * Deputy Director / Dean of Academic, Philippine National Police Academy, Philippine Public Safety College, Philippines. 1 “Initiatives Taken Against Corruption: The Philippine Case”; unpublished...
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...CORRUPTION Political corruption remains a major problem in Italy, particularly in Southern Italy including Calabria, parts of Campania and Sicily where corruption perception is at a high level. Political parties are ranked as the most corrupt institution in Italy, closely followed by public officials and Parliament, according to Transparency International Global Corruption Barometer 2013. Regarding business and corruption, foreign investments and economic growth are hindered by organised crime and corruption. Business executives from World Economic Forum Global Competitiveness Report 2013-2014 consider corruption one of the problems for doing business in Italy Procurement process, mainly in water, roads and railway projects, in Italy is affected by corruption. ------------------------------------------------- CORRUPTION CHALLENGES Government and politics Checks and balances in the Italian government are compromised. A 2012 study indicates that the legislative branch has little independence from the executive. This creates a disparity in power and enables the executive to govern without appropriate accountability. Integrity mechanisms are also poor in the public sector. According to a 2011 report, parliamentary and government codes of conduct are aspirational at best, and not enforceable. Weak – and often non-existent – sanctions cannot effectively deter corrupt acts. National corruption scandals also undermine public officials’ image. Political financing Corporate...
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...of the upper classes of society may commit are often more serious compared to the ones which the poor people commit and they may inflict greater damage on society. Crimes that involve great amounts of money or economic interests, such as bribery and corruption, are among the top crimes that adversely affect the entirety of society. Crimes of this nature are not sufficiently discussed at the academic level or as part of political agenda or debates. No human being or human-made system is free from corruption or fraud. Contrary to the popular belief, corruption, bribery and fraud are not problems specific to economically underdeveloped countries; on the contrary, these crimes are quite widespread in developed Western democracies, particularly in the US. Broadly speaking, these deviant behaviors, defined as “white-collar crimes,” can also referred to as “crimes of the powerful.” It was Edwin Hardin Sutherland, a US social scientist, who first coined this terminology in the literature of sociology and criminology. Crimes committed by individuals may vary depending on their social class es. There are certain significant differences between the petty crimes committed by blue-collar workers from lower social classes and the corruption crimes committed by white-collar workers from higher social classes. First, the criminals from lower social classes tend to resort to violence while the offenses committed by white-collar workers do not generally contain violence. Second, there are...
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...French hypermarket Carrefour is facing a peculiar kind of growing pain for its breakneck growth in China: systemic corruption among its management ranks at the local levels. As many as eight managerial staff at Carrefour China have been detained by Chinese police in a wide-ranging probe initiated by the company itself over bribe taking by its managers at its city procurement center in Beijing and seven other outlets, including one in Shenzhen. Their detention is seen as part of radical shakeout precipitated by Eric Legros, the new executive director of Carrefour China. Legros is looking to rein in wayward local managers and tighten up a decentralized procurement system that has set Carrefour on a high-growth path in China but that appears to be outgrowing its usefulness. The police summoned 22 suspects for questioning between June 25th and August 1, including 12 local suppliers, according to two major publications, Shanghai Securities News and China Business News. The investigation netted an unidentified number of corrupt managers working at the fresh produce department who requested kickbacks in the form of promotional fees from suppliers. Carrefour did not dispute the reports’ accounts. Unlike the centralized system in procurement and coordinating logistics employed by its top competitor in China, Wal-Mart, Carrefour has been racing ahead in China through a model that empowers local managers at each outlet to manage pricing, choose suppliers and conduct negotiations on...
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...There’s not one person that hasn’t been corrupted in some small way during their life. The source of this sickness is usually money, the root from which all corruption grows. Sadly, the result of corruption is often times the poor becoming poorer and rich get richer. That’s the world we live in. How can we fix graft and corruption in our society if even the simplest of our laws isn’t obeyed? For example, the simple act of crossing a street, most Filipinos will jaywalk and not obey the laws set forth for all of our safety. It’s a small thing yet a symptom of the greater sickness. Another, more serious symptom of corruption among us is the manipulation of accounting data to avoid paying taxes by some businessmen. By doing this they cheat us all of taxes that could be used to improve our country. The greatest corruption is forcing citizens to pay taxes when we know those taxes are merely going into the pockets of corrupt Bureau officials? As the election nears, we clearly see the political candidates targeting the poor with their speeches and slogans. There is Noynoy’s Kung walang corrupt walang mahirap , Villar’s irritating jingle and “Erap para sa Mahirap” lingering in everyone’s mind. Speeches and jingles mean nothing, are these men truly for the poor? As a first time voter, I will vote from my mind and not from my heart. I will vote for someone who will try to change my country for the better. He should throw out the government workers who aren’t working for a better Philippines...
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...Introduction Corruption can be defined as a spiritual or moral deviation from an ideal. Corruption comes in different styles and that includes bribery and funds embezzlement. Corruption has been the number one menace in many countries of the world. It impacts countries in many ways, impacting economy and development in a negative way. Corruption tends to raise the cost of government and may lower the rate of infrastructure growth. Most importantly, corruption has a negative impact on capitalism and foreign investment in that; it changes the environment which in turns affects decisions and actions. Corruption causes discriminatory treatment along tribal, ethnic, race and class. It also impacts in decision making process. Multinational corporations (MNCs) may be unable to compete in certain countries due to dishonesty by government officials, dependent upon a system of graft and bribery to approve and facilitate permits and various company operations. Corruption may be at the highest levels of government, where government decisions regarding military equipment, civilian aircraft, infrastructure or broad policy decisions about industrial subsidies are made, based upon favoritism rather than ethical weighing of facts. Corruption may involve elected officials and politicians as well as nonelected officials. Corruption may be voluntary and petty, for instance, paying to expedite a building permit. It may be extorted, in which a licensing officer holds up a building permit until...
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...value system or belief. It supports the theory that argues that knowledge is relative to the limited nature of the mind, and the conditions for knowing. Ethical relativism views that there are several ethical truths that depend on the groups or individuals holding them. In the most basic terms, ethical relativism is the belief that different things are true and right, at different times, and for different people (Trevino & Nelson, (2011). Ethical relativism can be applied in the solution of several problems in the society today. One of those problems is corruption, which has affected nearly all countries of the world today. There are more than a few forms of corruption practiced today. However, in the American culture, for instance, the main forms of corruption include bribery, graft, patronage, nepotism and cronyism, kickbacks, unholy alliance and embezzlement (Paul, Miller & Paul, (2008). The two forms of corruption that were discussed and found to affect the Kentucky Fried Beef Company were bribery and nepotism and cronyism. Therefore, this paper will critically examine the issue of bribery and how ethical relativism can be used to limit and prevent bribery in the American culture. The behavior of the heath officer who inspected the Kentucky Fried Beef Company was not appealing. Rather than doing his job, and ensuring that the company upheld hygiene, and it did not...
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...Bribery and corruption in the public sector is endemic and unavoidable in all societies. There is growing consensus that corruption and bribery are dangerous to the state economies and harmful to the society. Nevertheless, corruption and bribery are endemic and inevitable in many societies when contacted with government institutions where the heads or leaders are corrupt in the self-regarding procedures and part of officials straightly infringes legal restrictions by abusing the power to accept the payments of bribe. However, it is important to distinguish between corruption and bribery, when discussing the problem which resulted by them. Corruption is probably identifies a public official who illicitly uses his position or discretionary power to acquire some benefits for himself or for another. Whilst, bribery, which is an accompaniment of corrupt conduct and as a supply side or a demand side when corruption procedure occur in the public institutions or entrepreneurial activities. The incidence of corruption is relevantly high in developing and transition states where bribery is endemic and ubiquitous, particularly within the well-organized corruption system. ! Well-structured organization could guarantee that the unofficial payments which paid by firms or individuals will ultimately delivered. !analogically, under a well-organized system, bribe recipients perform as consolidated suppliers and set the marginal revenue less than the marginal costs to elucidate the higher demand...
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...Denmark are hands down more ethical than their polar opposites, Somalia and Afghanistan. This paper attempts to paint a picture of how distant and discuss the variety of contributing factors, from minimum wage to deep seated and institutionalized cultural mores. Article Corruption, as defined by Merriam-Webster’s online dictionary, is “an impairment of integrity, virtue or moral principle.” Equally relevant is the definition of government: “the organization, machinery, or agency through which a political unit exercises authority and performs functions..” In the scope of this paper, I intend to discuss the impact of ethical conduct, or lack of, as it relates to the degree of corruption evidenced in the conduct of governments. In short, is it the government which is corrupt, or the persons that comprise the government? Further, what impact if any does the type of government play in the degree of corruption displayed in a given government’s actions? And last, if the actions of a government which is described as corrupt are in keeping with societal norms of the region, is it right to describe them as corrupt by using a foreign measurement? And the winner is….New Zealand. According to the most recent Corruption Perception Index (CPI) report provided by Transparency International, New Zealand has the highest confidence rating equaling 9.4 on a scale of 10. Lowest is Somalia with a confidence rating of 1.1; a gap wider than the Grand Canyon and far more significant. Close rivals...
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...Transparency – An Overview4. Some Initiatives on Transparency5. Issues & Challenges6. Concluding Remarks7. Video on Integrity Pact8. Q & A (c) K L Gupta 3. 3. (c) K L Gupta 4. 4. Governance:-“Governance is the manner in which power is exercised in the management of a country’s economic and social resources for development….……Good governance is synonymous with sound development management.” - World Bank (1992) (c) K L Gupta 5. 5. (c) K L Gupta 6. 6. Governance Good Governance (c) K L Gupta 7. 7. GovernanceGood Governance Journey of (c) K L Gupta Governance 8. 8. Good Governance:-Good governance means- ruling justly,- enforcing laws and- contracts fairly,- respecting human rights, property rights, and- fighting corruption…….. - Paul O’Neil, Treasury Secretary of US (2002) (c) K L Gupta 9. 9. Good Governance – Major Characteristics*:-1. Participation2. Rule of Law3. Transparency4. Responsiveness5. Equity & Inclusiveness6. Effectiveness7. Efficiency8. Accountability9. Strategic Vision10.Consensus Orientation*Source :- V K Parigi & Others, “Ushering Transparency for Good Governance”, available athttp://www.cgg.gov.in/workingpapers/Ushering_in_Transparency.pdf accessed on September 15, 2012 (c) K L Gupta 10. 10. (c) K L Gupta 11. 11. Type of Paper:-Conceptual paper (c) K L Gupta 12. 12. Objective:-The objective of the current study is to examine level of transparency in the governance prevailing in Government Sector (Legislative &...
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...Health care services in India are facing different challenges from inadequate finance and poor management to inequity in terms of quality and access (Ramani-Mavalankar, 2006). However, corruption is that underlying problem, which if not tackled, would prevent from resolving all other kinds of difficulties (Potter, 2003). Therefore, in this essay I have endeavoured to understand the forms in which corruption is prevalent in Indian Healthcare Services. Along with this, I have also tried to suggest certain measures which would help tackle corruption. The former president of Medical Council of India, Mr.Ketan Desai has been charged with corruption both the times he has been elected for the post. Despite his removal in 2001 following the charges, he was re-elected by the Government of India in 2009 (Pandya 2009). Thereafter in 2011 Mr Desai was arrested by the CBI for accepting a highly culpable amount of bribe from two medical colleges seeking recognition. (Chauhan, 2011). Mr Desai justifies the definition of corruption by Transparency International, as the result of misused powers to benefit personally instead of doing public welfare (Vian, 2007). Moreover, this definition would be appropriate for the Government of India who elected a person with history of fraud to be the president of the central health governing body of the nation. Health sector, in any nation, is a vast network involving different participants at each stage ( Hussmann,2011). Therefore it becomes difficult...
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...The 2 Sides of Power Sam Pinsky Patrick Halpenny Wednesday November 13th, 2013 ENG4U Power is a very vague terminology. Power is like a disease, very epidemics. Power can be a success or a failure, depending on the individual. Power in the right hands creates justice. Power in the wrong hands creates injustices. It corrupts human feelings and converts friends into enemies, therefore having power in the wrong hands succeeds in persuading one, using the power in a cruel and oppressive way. In the novel "Kindred", written by Octavia Butler, the novel presents revolving themes like power corruption of emotion, friendship and racism.Most of the times possessing the power can destroy the freedom of others. Power corrupts human feelings. Whenever an individual achieves the power, one becomes a different person. Rufus, the main character in the novel, possessed the power after his father's death. He became very possessive, even to Dana. The first time when Rufus met Dana he had a good reputation and liked her very much. Later on as he became mature and powerful his friendship to Dana changed to possessive love. He became very jealous of Kevin and was eager to kill him. Whenever Dana asked if he had received a response from Kevin, he would deny it. That did not last long, she soon found out that Rufus betrayed her. ->quote This shows that power can corrupt human emotions entirely. Power can turn allies into enemies. Friendship can last...
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... “Power tends to corrupt and absolute power corrupts absolutely”(Lord Acton,1887) Power is something only the right person should have, it could turn into an absolute mess if it's not handled correctly. Having power means others look up to you, and you could change the way they see things. This effect a person has on someone could cause dangerous events. It can also cause something really good. Meaning the outcome of having power could be either positive or negative. A person could easily abuse power and think that people won’t retaliate. The book “Animal Farm” by George Orwell is a great example of how power can be abused. Mr.Jones, the owner of Manor Farm is an alcoholic who doesn’t treat his animals right. He sees it as he can do whatever he wants and nothing will happen.The animals decide take the power into their own hands. They are sick and tired of Mr.Jones treating them unfairly so they decide to start a revolution. In the book Mr.Jones comes back to the farm to try and take it back. The animals don't let him, they are in power now because Mr.Jones was abusing his. This shows how Mr.Jones using his power to hurt the animals turns into a negative thing. Once Mr.Jones loses his power and it turns over to Snowball. Snowball is a pig who decides to use his power to make the environment of the farm better for the animals. He sees this revolution as an opportunity to make things right. He starts getting the animals to be able to provide for themselves...
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...CORRUPT POLITICIANS (The true kidnappers of our society) TABLE OF CONTENTS Preliminaries Page Title i Biographical Data ii Table of Contents ii Chapter I INTRODUCTION 1 Background of the study 2 Importance of the study 2 Definition of term 3 Statement of the problem 3 Scope and Delimitation of the study 3 Time and Place of the study 4 Chapter II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 5 Chapter III METHODOLOGY 7 Research Design 7 Respondents 8 Data Gathering 8 Instrumentation 8 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION • BACKGROUND OF STUDY Many corrupt politicians run in a position that they can make sure after they are elected, the power that they have will use in improper way; that affects the economy of a particular country, is an interesting research work of tackle. This research entitled: Corrupt Politicians: The true kidnappers of our society that seeks the answer to the following questions. 1. What is a Corrupt Politician? 2. How do Corrupt Politicians become a kidnapper? 3. How do they affect the economy of a particular country? 4. Why does Corrupt Politicians are accused as kidnapper? 5. How do Corrupt Politicians avoid such behavior? • IMPORTANCE OF STUDY The result of this study will help many...
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...Internal Analysis Report Report No: 2408-1 Request: Simulation of EEPROM corruption Requester: Ann Portia Yturiaga Dinglasan <Ann.Dinglasan@finisar.com> Sample Module Submitted: FTLF1318P2BTL Date: August 16th, 2013 Prepare by: Chew Yoon Kit ------------------------------------------------- Solution details After sample module finish Module testing, sample module will proceed for Label test. In Label test, sample module will proceed with standard labeling test without customization; 1. Initialize the MapDef 2. Serial number checking 3. Part number checking 4. Memory map archive which include; a. EEPROM [Table 0] b. FCC Albany [Table 0 to 33] 5. EEPROM check with reference file 6. FCC table check with reference file Sample module will proceed to Custom Label test which test include; 1. Initialize the MapDef 2. Serial number checking Later sample module will proceed to Barcode test which test include; 1. Initialize the MapDef 2. Serial number checking 3. Part number checking Suspected area which may corrupt EEPROM; 1. Serial number checking 2. Part number checking 3. Memory map archive 4. EEPROM checking *Note: Not likely will corrupt EEPROM since it’s just only read access the EEPROM only* ------------------------------------------------- Strategy [I] Simulate 20,000 cycles of continuous read and compare; 1. Serial number checking 2. Part number checking ...
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