...Instructions: 1. Download and Save this file with your name in the file name. (ex: Skeletal System Case Study-CharlieBrown) 2. Type your name in the header of this document. 3. Read the following case study. 4. Answer all the questions that follow by typing in your answer directly underneath each question. Be sure to answer each question completely. 5. When you finish, be sure to save the entire document for submission to your instructor. 6. Submit your document by the due date listed in your syllabus. Submission should be through the ASUN Portal. Upload your completed document—make sure the file you upload and mark as final has your answers typed in it! Note: You must UPLOAD the document and MARK AS FINAL for it to be properly “turned in” through the Portal. 7. Participate in the Class Discussions of this Case Study—this will be completed on the Discussion Forums page within the ASUN Portal. 8. Email me if you have any questions. The Skeletal System - Aging and Disease The skeletal system is required for nearly every body movement. It also supports the body at rest, protects vital organs, and produces blood cells. However, like any other system, it is susceptible to disease. Different diseases become more (or less) likely as the body ages. A few common diseases include scoliosis, arthritis, and osteoporosis Scoliosis Scoliosis is defined as an “s” or “c” shaped spinal curvature. It is most often diagnosed during adolescence...
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...The fascination and mystical interest in the study and examination of prehistoric human skeletal remains have been well documented in ancient medical documents and historical records. Anthropologists study and analyze the human skeletal remains to obtain information from a particular sample of ancient individuals in order to understand how the population as a whole experienced and responded to social interactions. Because palaeopathologists have access to all portions of a skeleton, the morbid conditions in all areas of the skeleton are studied and provide a broad understanding of diseases as they affect bones and joints in living populations of our society today ( Ortner & Putschar 2003: 2). The remains of humans offer the...
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...Body Systems Preparation Part III In the reading from the book, Human Body Systems, team A will give a brief overview of the skeletal, muscular, encoring and male and female reproductive systems and explain what we did or did not already know, what we found interesting and why, as well as what we learned from this week that can help team A with week five presentation. In chapter eleven, on the skeletal system, the human skeleton consists of 206 bones and provides support to our bodies. After reading this chapter team A learned about rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatoid arthritis is a disorder of the skeletal system. The most interesting finding about rheumatoid arthritis is that it is not a disease that results from wear and tear; rheumatoid arthritis is the result of an autoimmune disease. This is extremely interesting to Angelina because she would like to continue her education to help treat patients. Anyone can be affected by this disease at any given time and learning about it can help her understand the symptoms. The endocrine system consists of small glands that are strategically place throughout the body. These glands produce and release chemical substances called hormones. Hormone is a chemical that travels through the blood to cause effect in other areas of body function. What is interesting about hormones is that these chemicals affect five different areas of the body, homeostasis, growth and development, reproduction, energy production and behavior (Chiras, 2013)...
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...Skeletal.eap3am 8/20/02 1:20 PM Page 50 50 The Body Systems: Clinical and Applied Topics The Skeletal System 6 The skeletal framework of the body is composed of at least 206 bones and the associated tendons, ligaments, and cartilages. The skeletal system has a variety of important functions, including the support of soft tissues, blood cell production, mineral and lipid storage, and, through its relationships with the muscular system, the support and movement of the body as a whole. Skeletal system disorders can thus affect many other systems. The skeletal system is in turn influenced by the activities of other systems. For example, weakness or paralysis of skeletal muscles will lead to a weakening of the associated bones. Although the bones you study in the lab may seem rigid and permanent structures, the living skeleton is dynamic and undergoing continual remodeling. The remodeling process involves bone deposition by osteoblasts and bone resorption by osteoclasts. As indicated in Figure A-16, the net result of the remodeling varies depending on: 2. The applied physical stresses: Heavily stressed bones become thicker and stronger, and lightly stressed bones become thinner and weaker. Skeletal weakness can therefore result from muscular disorders, such as myasthenia gravis (p. 66) or the muscular dystrophies (p. 65), and conditions that affect CNS motor neurons, such as spinal cord injuries (p. 75), demyelination disorders (p. 72), or multiple sclerosis (pp. 72, 82). 3....
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...Task 1 (L.O-1: 1.1, 1.2 and M1, M2, D2). (1.1) List all the systems of the human body with their functions and major organs. (1.2) Identify how body systems interact to ensure proper functioning and growth of the human body. Deliverables: Learning Outcome 1 (to be met by assessment requirements 1.1 and 1.2) Merit criterion: To achieve M1 you need to research in depth on one major organ in any 3 functional systems. To achieve M2 you will have to mention appropriate references and valid academic sources for gaining information. Distinction Criteria: To achieve D2 you will have to explain any 2 examples of Feedback regulation in detail. Task 2 (L.O-2: 2.1, 2.2, 2.3 and M2, M3, D1). A 25 year old individual is working full time as a volunteer in a charity organization. His daily job is to distribute leaflets door to door and take part in charity events. He is now preparing for a marathon run organized by his charity foundation which will be held in 6 months’ time. (2.1) Explain how his body responds to his physical activities (particularly in relation to musculo-skeletal system, cardiovascular system and respiratory system). (2.2) Discuss how body responses are explained by cellular and tissue structure and physiology. (2.3)Further, identify how his body will coordinate its internal activities. Deliverables: Learning Outcome 2 (to be met through assessment requirements 2.1, 2.2 and 2.3) Merit criterion:...
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...Paget’s Disease What is Paget’s Disease? Paget’s Disease of Bone (sometimes called Osteitis Deformans) is a chronic skeletal condition caused by unusually rapid bone destruction (osteolytic) and reformation (osteoblastic). Paget’s disease progresses very slowly and results in enlarged and deformed bones. The new bone formed can occur in several locations in the body and are always abnormal, dense and fragile. This unusual development may cause pain in bones, arthritis, fractures in the bone, and visible deformities. The disease is named after an English surgeon, Sir James Paget (1814 - 1899) There are 2 types of Paget’s Disease: 1. Monostotic (when a single region of bone is affected) 2. Polyostotic (when multiple regions...
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...Health Issues in Aging The Aging Musculoskeletal System January 19, 2014 The human musculoskeletal system is the organ system that gives humans the ability to physically move, by using the muscles and skeletal system which, as the name implies consists of the muscular system and the human skeleton. Bones are connected to each other at the joints by ligaments or cartilage and skeletal muscle is attached to bones, usually by tendons. With advancing age, all tissues and organs suffer many changes in the normal way it functions and the muscles normally suffer the most damage. Research indicates that the aging of the musculoskeletal system starts usually after age 30 but it may start a little early or later in different individuals depending upon their genetic makeup ,dietary and environmental factors as well aslifestyle choices. Commonly Observed Changes Some of the most commonly observed changes in the anatomy and physiology of musculoskeletal system with aging are: a decrease in the total amount of muscle fibers due to the depressed productive capacity of cells to produce proteins. In addition, the size of muscles cells, fibers and tissue; this is also knownas generalized muscular atrophy. There is total loss of muscle bulk, power and strength of all major muscle groups like deltoids, biceps, triceps, hamstrings, and other major muscles. One can also expect wasting or wear and tear of the protective cartilage of joints that normally acts as a shock-absorber and gliding...
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...Introduction Degenerative Joint Disease (DJD) is a pathology, also known as osteoarthritis, which targets the joints of the body. Specifically, the disease breaks down the cartilage, lining, ligaments, and underlying bone of a joint (Osteoarthritis). The disease is the most common form of arthritis, affecting millions of Americans, frequently among the elderly (65+), women more so than men, and most likely the obese (Arthritis: Meeting the Challenge of Living Well At A Glance 2013). However, this ailment can impact people of any age, any gender, and any ethnicity or race. Body A joint is the articulation between two or more bones and is crucial to movement. In the body there are three classifications of joints: synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis,...
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...Cri du Chat Cri du chat syndrome is a rare genetic disorder which approximately affects 1 in 20,000 to 50,000 live births. The disease does not depend on ethnic backgrounds, but is most common in the case of women. The disorder gets its name from the typical cry of babies born with this syndrome. The baby sounds like a kitten, because of problems with the nervous system and larynx. The good news is that about 1/3 of kids recover by the age of 2. Negative aspects of this disease may be: * Feeding problems, because they can't suck and swallow well * Low weight at birth and poor evolution * Motor, cognitive, and speech delays * Behavioral problems such as aggression, hyperactivity, and repetitive movements * Uncommon facial traits that can change in time * What is Cri-du-Chat syndrome? The name of this syndrome is French for "cry of the cat," referring to the distinctive cry of children with this disorder. The cry is caused by abnormal larynx development, one of the many symptoms associated with this disorder. It usually becomes less noticeable as the baby gets older, making it difficult for doctors to diagnose cri-du-chat after age two. Cri-du-chat is caused by a deletion (the length of which may vary) on the short arm of chromosome 5. Multiple genes are missing as a result of this deletion, and each may contribute to the symptoms of the disorder. One of the deleted genes known to be involved is TERT (telomerase reverse transcriptase). This gene is...
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...is important for learners who are considering careers in the health or social care sectors because it will assist understanding of the needs of individuals at different stages of life, including their potential care needs. It will also help you understand the influence of unexpected events on patients/service users and their families. This unit enables you to gain understanding of different life stages and how people grow and develop. It requires you to reflect on the importance of a variety of factors and major life events on the development of individuals, and to consider the nature-nurture debate. The unit also allows you to gain an insight into the ageing process and to understand both positive and negative perspectives on ageing. Learning Outcomes On completion of this unit you should: 1. Understand human growth and development through the life stages 2. Understand how life factors and events may influence the development of the individual 3. Understand physical changes and psychological perspectives in relation to ageing HOW THIS UNIT WILL BE ASSESSED To reach Pass level, the evidence must show that the learner is able to: P1 describe physical, intellectual, emotional and social development through the life stages P2 describe the potential influence of five (5) life factors on the development of individuals P3 describe the influence of two predictable and two unpredictable major Life events on the development of the individual ...
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...DR. ANIL ANGRISH NIPER Company Discription Founded in 1935, Cipla is the second largest pharmaceutical company in India with market share of 5.4% in FY10. Company offers various drugs and healthcare products with major share in many therapeutic categories & in most dosage forms. The company has well diversified product portfolio that includes OTC products, prescription products, flavors and fragrances, pesticides, and animal products. The Company's products are certified by various recognized regulatory authorities namely Food and Drug Administration (FDA), USA; Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA), UK and like. The Company also provides technology services for preparation of product, product and process know how and new developments with various manufacturing facilities and R&D centers located across India. Company's business model is based on international strategic alliances by focusing on pursuing organic growth while reducing capital commitment and regulatory risks. In the US, Cipla has entered into partnership for 118 products with 22 partners. Number of partners has increased from 17 to 22 over the last 12 months. Of the pipeline of ~100 ANDAs filed till date, 57 have been approved (35 commercialized)while 45ANDAs are awaiting approval.In addition, Company has developed a strong presence in the 170 countries including both developed and developing countries and derived 55.4% of its FY10 revenues from exports to regions including US, Europe,...
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...|Programme |Edexcel BTEC Levels 4 and 5 Higher Nationals in Health and Social | | |Care | |Unit Title: Physiological Principles|Unit : 12 |Date Issued: | |for Health and Social Care | |5 May 2014 | |Student Name |St Patrick Student ID No.: |Date of final | | | |Submission: | | | |2 August 2014 | | |Edexcel Registration No.: | | |Unit Leader: Physiology teaching |Internal Verifier Name: | |team. |Mr Hasa Ram | Rules and regulations: |Plagiarism is presenting somebody else’s work as your own. It includes: copying information directly from the Web or books without | |referencing the material; submitting joint coursework as an individual effort; copying another student’s coursework; stealing | |coursework from another student and submitting it as your own work. Suspected plagiarism will be...
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...into glycogen where it is used as an energy store. All of this lowers blood glucose levels. If the blood glucose levels get too low, alpha cells detect this and secrete glucagon; this inhibits the beta cells and causes glycogen to be converted into glucose. It can also turn fat into glucose to raise blood glucose levels. Uncontrolled regulation of blood glucose levels is known as diabetes mellitus, high blood sugar is known as hyperglycaemia, and opposite being hypoglycaemia. Heart Rate: Your heart rate increases when you exercise, because you are working harder. How much your heart rate increases depends on the how much exercise you do and how fit you are. Your heart rate should be much higher than your resting heart rate to improve your cardiovascular fitness. Experts agree that improved cardiovascular fitness improves your resting and recovery heart rates. As soon as you begin exercising, your skeletal...
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...individual Most of us have already or are experiencing trouble in sleeping every night or every time we’re trying to sleep. This might be normal and usually temporary due to stress, night terrors or some different issues. But if sleep problems are a regular occurrence and interfere with the daily life, we may be suffering from a sleep disorder. Sleep disorders cause more than just sleepiness, there are so many causes. The lack of quality of sleep can have a negative impact on our energy, emotional balance, and health to us. Sleep disorders also are serious enough to interfere with our normal physical, mental and social state. And in worst case, death because of sleepiness and mental condition cause of sleeping disorders. Sleep can affect our overall health. In many cases, people in good health tend to sleep well, whereas those suffering from repeated sleeping problems might have an underlying medical or mental health problem, it may be in minor or serious. Sleeping well is good to physical health and emotional well-being. Unfortunately, even minimal sleep loss can take a toll on mood, energy, efficiency, and ability to handle stress. People with daytime sleepiness are physically fatigue, have a tendency of falling asleep in unsuitable places at unsuitable times, and have poor concentration. Ignoring sleep problems and disorders can lead to poor health, accidents, impaired job performance, and relationship stress. It’s not normal to feel sleepy during the day, to have problems...
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...Primary Care Physician Initial Evaluation: Patient Name: Mrs. Wright (53 years old) Description: Rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis HISTORY: Mrs. Wright is a 53-year old female who visited Dr. Curtis on 9/21/2013 for devastating pain dealing with her rheumatoid arthritis. She was diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis on 4/2/2010 by Dr. Ruppert. She was later diagnosed with osteoporosis on 8/5/2010. Along with her arthritis pain, she has other conditions such as: Raynaud syndrome, irritable bowel syndrome-associated constipation (IBS-C), gastroesophageal reflux (GERD), and chronic urinary tract and upper respiratory infections. She has gained weight because of the lack of exercise she has performing. Wright complains she is too tired to work out and gets tired throughout the day performing normal activities. She also insists she cannot work out because she always gets hot flashes from her menopause and is simply too hot to work out. Wright also explained she lives alone and cannot always go to see a physician because she cannot get someone to drive her there. She is no longer taking the three medications, hydroxychloroquine, methotrexate, and prednisone, prescribed by Dr. Ruppert. She explains she had experienced intolerable side effects, including reflux, alopecia, and severe photosensitivity. Dr. Ruppert ordered a comprehensive laboratory evaluation and identified the following: IgG4 food-specific antibodies, essential fatty acid and amino acid imbalances, nutrient...
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