...Influential leaders In the 20th century era there where African Americans that emerged to impact the Negro race in a great influential way. The most known people to have an idea to bring the Negro race to the true potential that they could uphold were three Negros. These three blacks came from different places with a different background story. They were Booker T. Washington, W.E.B. Dubois, and Marcus Garvey. These three were very brilliant, heroic, and memorable men who came to try to change things in the 20th century to gain African American the equal rights they deserved. The 20th century was an era in which the white men were the superiors and the ones of colored although free were still their servants. The colored people were not...
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...Booker T. Washington Booker T. Washington was a great influence for the black community. The efforts he made to become such a wonderful leader were incredible. Booker T. Washington was a man that started up from scratch. He grew up as a Black slave, who did not have many choices in life. He was born on April 5, 1856 in Virginia and he had a white father and a black mother. When he was still a child he went to work in a coal mine after the Emancipation Proclamation. When Booker was seventeen he went to Hampton Normal Agricultural Institute to work as a janitor. He would then use this job to help pay for tuition and attend the school. After all of the struggles and hard work that Booker T Washington went through in his life he ended up becoming a very influential speaker and great leader for the black community. Booker T. Washington had several different qualities that made him a great leader. The first quality is that he was very charismatic. People from all over would follow Booker and listen to what he had to say. He gained a lot of attention at his Atlanta Address of 1895 where he tried to get southern whites and black slaves to work together. The black slaves would listen to the political white views and in exchange get to work weekly and get a basic education. After this is when he became a main leader for African Americans and their movement while also drawing the attention of politicians and philanthropist. Pragmatism was another quality that Booker possessed. He always...
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...A TEACHER’S GUIDE TO THE SIGNET CLASSIC EDITION OF BOOKER T. WASHINGTON’S UP FROM SLAVERY By VIRGINIA L. SHEPHARD, Ph.D., Florida State University S E R I E S E D I T O R S : W. GEIGER ELLIS, ED.D., ARTHEA J. S. REED, PH.D., UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA, EMERITUS and UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA, RETIRED A Teacher’s Guide to the Signet Classic Edition of Booker T. Washington’s Up from Slavery 2 INTRODUCTION Booker T. Washington’s commanding presence and oratory deeply moved his contemporaries. His writings continue to influence readers today. Although Washington claimed his autobiography was “a simple, straightforward story, with no attempt at embellishment,” readers for nearly a century have found it richly rewarding. Today, Up From Slavery appeals to a wide audience from early adolescence through adulthood. More important, however, is the inspiration his story of hard work and positive goals gives to all readers. His life is an example providing hope to all. The complexity and contradictions of his life make his autobiography intellectually intriguing for advanced readers. To some he was known as the Sage of Tuskegee or the Black Moses. One of his prominent biographers, Louis R. Harlan, called him the “Wizard of the Tuskegee Machine.” Others acknowledged him to be a complicated person and public figure. Students of American social and political history have come to see that Washington lived a double life. Publicly he appeased the white establishment...
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...2014 Introduction Booker T. Washington’s early life was one of great struggle and destitution. Born a slave, Washington was raised by his mother, in a log cabin. Washington’s life was filled with hard work, which eventually gave him great success in his life. Utilizing his skills taught to him at his past jobs, he was given the opportunity to attend school when not present at his jobs as a salt packer, coal miner and house servant. After attending the American Missionary Association and Wayland Seminary, he was hired as the first principal of what later became the Tuskegee Institute (Norton, 2012). Washington was immensely involved in the success of the Tuskegee Institute, even aiding in the construction of the building (Norton 2012). Washington used his authoritative position to aid in pushing his Christian virtues and simple, disciplined living among the student body. Under Washington’s command the institute quickly thrived (Norton, 2012). Booker T. Washington’s popularity increased following his speech known as the “Atlanta Compromise”. Numerous supporters of Washington, included whites and blacks across the nation (Norton, 2012). While one would not think an African American boy would grow up to become a man of great influence, that is precisely what happened in the story of Booker T. Washington’s life. In “Up from Slavery”, Booker T. Washington chronicles his progression from a childhood slave to an ambitious free man in order to show how his past experiences...
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...justice to each other” (Washington, 458). Not only did Washington receive praise from newspapers, but also from “lecture bureaus, and editors of magazines and papers”, and even President Grover Cleveland himself (Washington, 458). By utilizing his large influence and press coverage, Booker T. Washington was able to promote his idea that assimilation was the process that would end racial tensions in the United States, regardless of the loss of African American...
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...W.E.B. Du Bois and Booker T. Washington could be considered the “twin towers” when it comes to black history in America during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Although from different generations, their attention focused on the African-American struggle for political, social and economic equality. However, they sharply disagreed on strategies for black social and economic progress; to better understand their opposing philosophies, it is helpful to also consider their radically different backgrounds, which influenced their world-views. W.E.B. Du Bois was born in Massachusetts, three years after the end of the Civil War. His great-grandfather had fought in the American Revolution and his family had been part of the community for generations. Du Bois learned of his African roots from his grandmother, and was given a sense of destiny from his mother, who raised him after his father left home. Du Bois was a brilliant young man, working as a correspondent for New York newspapers while still in high school, and, with the help of influential members of his community, went to Fisk University in Nashville. His years at Fisk changed his life – there Du Bois met sons and daughters of former slaves, who embodied the cultural and spiritual tradition that Du Bois had glimpsed as a child. He also encountered the White South, and saw how they were destroying the achievements of Reconstruction. He saw the suffering of rural blacks when he taught school during the summers...
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...Racial Equality Brian Dugas University of Phoenix In the decades previous to the nineteen fifties, African Americans were the subject of more discrimination than any other race or religion in all aspects of being treated both as a person, and a race. These people were up until almost the mid 1900’s as slaves, even though slavery was abolished long before, even in the mid 1900’s, African Americans were still considered “second class citizens”, not seen as equals in the eyes of others. It was during the 1950’s that African Americans, and other racial authorative groups collaborated to change their status in society. This challenge of fighting against discrimination and for racial equality among racial groups became one of the most important times in United States history; it was the beginning of what we know as the Civil Rights Movement. The fight for racial equality started long before the 1950’s, in the early 1900’s, the NAACP (the National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People) was created by Booker T. Washington, and Webb Du Bios, Mr. Washington was actually an ex-slave. As the NAACP grew in numbers and support, the NAACP also published its own newspaper, showing progress, and enticing people to come forward to support for their rights. One of its first victories was the laws of segregation in housing, and also the right of African Americans to jury duty. The NAACP helped in establishing other groups such as CORE (Congress of Racial Equality)...
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...being the first woman inducted into the American Baseball Hall of Fame. Effa was the co-owner for the Newark Eagles in the Negro leagues with her husband Abe Manley until he passed away. She then took over full responsibility for the team making them the first franchise to be owned by a woman. After her husband’s death, she served the team as an executive but also fulfilled many of her husband’s responsibilities as treasurer of the Negro National League. Effa Manley was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania where she grew up and went to high school. After graduating from Penn Central High school in 1916, Manley entered the hat making business. This was pretty short lived until she met her husband, married him and went into the baseball business with him. One thing that is quite interesting with Effa Manley was that her racial background was not fully known. There were questions of whether she was white or black because of her stepparent’s...
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...Slavery From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 1st edition Up from Slavery is the 1901 autobiography of Booker T. Washington detailing his personal experiences in working to rise from the position of a slave child during the Civil War, to the difficulties and obstacles he overcame to get an education at the new Hampton University, to his work establishing vocational schools—most notably the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama—to help black people and other disadvantaged minorities learn useful, marketable skills and work to pull themselves, as a race, up by the bootstraps. He reflects on the generosity of both teachers and philanthropists who helped in educating blacks and native Americans. He describes his efforts to instill manners, breeding, health and a feeling of dignity to students. His educational philosophy stresses combining academic subjects with learning a trade (something which is reminiscent of the educational theories of John Ruskin). Washington explained that the integration of practical subjects is partly designed to reassure the white community as to the usefulness of educating black people. This text, while certainly a biography of his life, is in fact an illustration of the problem facing African Americans by detailing the problems of one. By showing how he has risen from servitude to success, he demonstrates how others of his race can do the same, as well as how sympathizers can aid in the process.[1] This book was first released as a serialized work in 1900 through The...
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...Africa-Americans Ever since African Americans were slaves, the population of the African Americans during 1860’s in the northern America was about 1% after American Revolution. They experienced discrimination since the beginning based on the color of their skin. This race was perceived to be inferior compared to the whites. Because of discrimination, they were not given some civil rights such as voting. The illogical premise to support this claim was given by the state that the law forbade in certain areas. During this period, the New York Convention stated that only those African Americans with property had the right to vote (Dagbovie, 2007). In essence, during this time they were struggling to get employment and most of them were not financial stable. African Americans have undergone a lot in history and in the present American some of them hold political positions (The president of the United States), manage large firms, and have equal rights like other citizen. In fact I has never been this way, they were unjustly treated and undergone through difficulties that the today’s generation may not understand. The black generation has undergone various challenges in their history that the current generation can never believe to be true and valid. This paper explores the historical background of the conditions this community undergone and how they overcame the racial discrimination, segregation and isolation to acquire equality. Segregation The term segregation denotes...
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...African American Criminological Thought Book Report Sharon Francis University of Houston- Downtown This report is based upon the book African American Criminological Thought, written by Helen Taylor Greene, Shauan L Gabbion with forewords by Julius Debro. This book is published by the State University of New York and is copyrighted 2000 by Helen Taylor Greene, Shauan L Gabbion with forewords by Julius Debro. These authors are well educated and well known by many different individuals from other books that they have published. This report will show how several different scholars made and influenced the world despite of many events, these criminologist does fit into the history of events that have happened or is still happing in...
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...African American Studies Final Question Answers M5Q1 NOTES: 1. Which of the following best describes Henry David Thoreau's response to Brown's raid? |1.|Thoreau praises Brown and seeks to defend his memory against those who viewed him as a murderer or insane man| |2.|Thoreau is horrified by the violent methods Brown used, arguing that violence will turn many Americans who oppose the extension of slavery against the abolitionists| |3.|Thoreau argues that Brown should not be put to death as this would cause sectional strife and lead to a civil war| |4.|Thoreau is one of many abolitionists who plea for Brown's life to be saved| 3 points Question 2 1. Which of the following best summarizes the letters John Brown wrote to his family while in prison? |1.|Brown is very hopeful that his wife and remaining children will come visit him| |2.|Brown calls upon his sons to continue his work. Although he speaks in very vague terms, it is clear that he hopes they will launch another slave uprising so that his death will not be in vain| |3.|Brown is upset at the fact that some of his children are ashamed to be sons and daughters of the man who planed the raid at Harper's Ferry| |4.|Brown does not write any letters to his family members while in prison, a fact John Earle makes plain in his introduction| |5.|Brown is upbeat and speaks in mostly religious terms about how there is no need to grieve for their father| Question 3 1. Which of the following is TRUE regarding John...
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...Ralph Ellison’s Influential Life and Works Ralph Ellison has become one of the most influential American writers of the twentieth century. His most famous novel, “Invisible Man” has be a great influence on many Americans, and continues to grow in popularity. Ellison found inspiration for the book from his own life, which makes it important to learn more about him, to help see the brilliance behind his National Book Award winning novel. Ellison’s life is the source of much of his inspiration, and analyzing the Invisible Man in depth while comparing the novel to his life can show where his brilliance comes from. Who is Ralph Ellison and where did he come from? He was born in Oklahoma City where he was raised by his mother and father, Alfred Ellison and Ida Millsap. (“Ralph (Waldo) Ellison” 1) His father, Alfred Ellison, passed away when he was thirty-nine leaving the Ida, Ellison, and Herbert, Ellison’s brother, alone to fend for themselves. This brought an immense change on Ellison’s life as this left the family with little money and resources to survive. At 19 years of age Ellison moved away from his home in Oklahoma and enrolled in the Tuskegee Institute, an institute founded by Booker T. Washington, where he studied music for three years. Due to the lack of financial resources, Ellison was never able to graduate from Tuskegee Institute and left after his third year. Hoping to find work and return to school, Ellison moved to New York in 1936 where he continued to live...
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...Exam 2: Introduction to African American Studies Short Answer Questions: Be sure to respond to both parts of the question. (4 points each/100 points total) 1. Name the leader of Black America’s Accommodationist camp during the early twentieth century. Give an example of his “accommodationist” views. Booker T. Washington. Washington felt the best way for Black people in the South to get ahead was to stay with the same skills they had practiced under slavery, namely farming and vocational trades. “In all things that are purely social we can be as separate as the fingers, yet one as the hand in all things essential to mutual progress.” In this line, he indicates that Blacks and Whites can work together with the latter feeling no threat to the system of segregation in the South. 2. Who was considered the leader of Black America’s Radical camp? Give an example of his radical views. W.E.B. Du Bois. He is associated with the concept of “The Talented Tenth,” which is a reference to the top ten percent of Black Americans who Du Bois felt should lead the way in creating opportunities to advance the lives of all Black people. He also felt that Blacks should have the same rights that any White person had. 3. Who were considered the “Talented Tenth”? Name a specific person who fell into this group. A reference to the top ten percent of Black Americans who Du Bois felt should lead the way in creating opportunities to advance the lives of all Black people....
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...Essay on African American History Introduction In the essay “On the Evolution of Scholarship in Afro- American History” the eminent historian John Hope Franklin declared “Every generation has the opportunity to write its own history, and indeed it is obliged to do so.”1 The social and political revolutions of 1960s have made fulfilling such a responsibility less daunting than ever. Invaluable references, including Darlene Clark Hine, ed. Black Women in America: An Historical Encyclopedia 2nd ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004); Evelyn Brooks Higgingbotham, ed., Harvard Guide to African American History (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2001); Arvarh E. Strickland and Robert E. Weems, Jr., eds., The African American Experience: An Historiographical and Bibliographical Guide (Westport: Greenwood Press, 2001); and Randall M. Miller and John David Smith, eds., Dictionary of Afro- American Slavery (Westport: Greenwood Press, 1988), provide informative narratives along with expansive bibliographies. General texts covering major historical events with attention to chronology include John Hope Franklin and Alfred A. Moss, Jr., From Slavery to Freedom: A History of African Americans (Boston: McGraw Hill, 2000), considered a classic; along with Joe William Trotter, Jr., The African American 1  Experience (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2001); and, Darlene Clark Hine, William C. Hine, and Stanley Harrold, The African American...
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