...Nationalism and WWII Germany Alex Grausnick Charles de Gaulle, the French general and statesman who led the Free French Forces during World War II, once said; “Patriotism is when love of your own people comes first; nationalism is when hate for people other than your own comes first.” After the German nation was first formed and nationalism began to grow in Germany in the late 19th centuryas, they could have no idea that it would come to be one of the focal points behind the world’s deadliest and most disturbing war almost 30 years later. Nationalism was an extremely strong and popular idea in the 1920s and 30s because Germany was simply looking for something to believe in after its defeat in WWI and the problems in the Treaty of Versailles. But how did the idea of nationalism come to be behind the Germans in WWII? There were countless reasons, but it mainly came down to one individual; a man named Adolf Hitler. The nationalist idea came about, at least in part, due to Hitler’s now infamous hate for the Jewish people that ended in the slaughtering of more than 6 million of them when he was in charge of the country, which became more important than the love of their own people, just as de Gaulle said. Let us begin with the one who exploited the nationalist German citizens the most during the 1930s; a man named Adolf Hitler. What movements did he represent? He became an extreme German nationalist and he despised the Austrian Empire which he thought was dominated by anti-German...
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...Annual report 2006-07 We support our customers in developing their businesses on a global level with innovative travel and transportation solutions. In each of our businesses we are pursuing a strategy of profitable growth, founded on respect for our employees, shareholders and the environment. Our position as world leader in air transport gives us responsibilities and encourages us to set ever-higher standards of customer service, financial performance and social and environmental commitment. 2006-07 Contents At a glance ••• 1 Chairman’s message ••• 2 Key figures ••• 4 A contributor to the economy ••• 8 Interview with Jean-Cyril Spinetta and Leo van Wijk ••• 10 Passenger activity ••• 14 SkyTeam ••• 26 Cargo activity ••• 28 Maintenance activity ••• 34 Corporate governance ••• 42 Being a shareholder ••• 50 Sustainable development ••• 58 Consolidated financial statements ••• 64 Glossary ••• 69 Additional information on the Air France-KLM group can be found in the 2006-07 reference document on the website, www.airfranceklm-finance.com, or on request. 2006-07 At a glance Global leader 240 105 3 73.5 1.4 900 destinations in businesses million tons of cargo transported 1 countries million passengers carried aircraft maintained Profitable growth 23.1 billion euros of revenues billion euros of operating income employees 1.2 103,000 2 Dear Shareholder, This financial year draws to a close the first phase of the merger between Air France...
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...Imperialism? “Imperialism is the highest stage of capitalism…characterized by monopoly corporations and the compulsion to export capital abroad for higher profits. Unlike capitalism in the earlier stages, in the imperialist stage, capitalism has no more progress to bring the world…the cause of contemporary militarism” – Lenin “The policy, practice, or advocacy of seeking, or acquiescing in, the extension of the control, dominion, or empire of a nation, as by the acquirement of new, esp. distant, territory or dependencies, or by the closer union of parts more or less independent of each other for operations of war, copyright, internal commerce, etc.” – Oxford dictionary The word imperialism derives from “empire.” As such, it is useful to spend a bit of time to define the word. In working towards a minimal definition, Stanford Professor of Archaeology J. Manning in his first lecture on Ancient Empires starts with: “An empire is a territorially extensive hierarchically political organization.” Unfortunately this definition is too vague. All states encountered in human history are by definition hierarchical, and many nations today are vast compared to the empires of the ancient world. Thus, Manning rephrases his definition of empire to be: “A territorially extensive hierarchical political organization involving the rule of one or more groups over other groups of foreigners.” But what causes empire? There are two models worth explaining. One is originated by...
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...expansion strategies of the two US-based logistics companies - FedEx and UPS in the Chinese market .The case examines the contrasting strategies adopted by FedEx and UPS in their efforts to establish presence in China. FedEx followed an aggressive, high risk, more investments approach to expand its services network in China which enabled the company to capture higher market share .On the contrary, till the late 1990s, UPS followed a conservative, low risk, low investment approach to establish its presence in China. The case brings out the contrasting elements of the strategies adopted by both companies including establishing the services network, advertising and promotion, targeting customers and the investments made. Finally, the case examines how the expansion strategies of both companies have changed with the improving business prospects in China, following its entry into WTO. The case discusses in detail the entry and expansion strategies of the two US-based logistics companies - FedEx and United Parcel Services (UPS) - in the Chinese market. The case examines the contrasting strategies adopted by FedEx and UPS in their efforts to establish and expand their operations in China. FedEx followed an aggressive, high risk approach to expand its services network in China which enabled it to capture more market share. On the contrary, till the late 1990s, UPS followed a conservative, low risk approach to establish its presence in China. The case brings out the contrasting elements of the...
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...together O P E N & C O M M I T T E D Annual Report 2010-11 The captain and his crew wish you an enjoyable business trip to New York, Tokyo, Delhi… and more than 850 other cities, letting you take advantage of one of the world’s leading networks with our SkyTeam partners. II _ Air France-KLM 2010-11 Annual Report airfrance.com making the sky the best place on earth Editorial We can face the challenges with confidence Jean-Cyril Spinetta, Chairman of the Air France-KLM Board of Directors On the North Atlantic, the leading long-haul market globally, Air France-KLM has established a significant lead over the other alliances, and particularly Star Alliance, through the joint-venture that the Group has created with Delta and Alitalia. Our goal is to extend this model to all our SkyTeam partners, and particularly our Chinese partners. Furthermore, we are actively engaged in membership negotiations with other airlines in Brazil, India and elsewhere in Asia. On this basis, SkyTeam stands to benefit from global coverage. After a challenging time in 2009-10, our Group has succeeded in stemming the haemorrhage and returning to profit while also reducing debt. Our recovery has been remarkable. This success is thanks to the outstanding work of the Air France-KLM teams and the resolute commitment of all our employees within a difficult environment. I would like to thank everyone for their efforts. To confirm this recovery, the Air France-KLM group was able to implement...
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...perspectives presented during the course Strategy- Process, Content, Context. Firstly, I will present the brief history timeline of the FedEx Corporation with the main highlights that are important for my discussion. Then in the part Business level strategy I will try to explain how the company related their business with its environment. From its very beginning in 1973, FedEx had transformed itself from the express delivery company to a global logistics and supply- chain company and invested a lot of money into the IT systems1, which in my opinion implies outside- in perspective. Corporate level strategy part deals with the diversification of the FedEx in order to become more than just a express delivery company. Taking into account the international context of the company I will discuss the global convergence perspective and how FedEx positioned itself there. The international context part will discuss how FedEx expanded globally and how FedEx positioned itself under the Global convergence perspective. History of the FedEx Corporation2 Federal Express Corporation was founded in 1971. They are specialized in overnight delivery of the high priority packages, documents and heavy freight. 1971 ● Federal Express Corporation...
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...are some fun facts about France. * The most popular sports in France are football (soccer), rugby league and rugby union. Handball and basketball are also popular in many parts of France. * Well known sporting events held annually in France are the Tour de France (the best known road bicycle race in the world) and the French Open (one of the four Grand Slam tennis tournaments) * French literature is very popular and well known. Charles Perrault was one of France’s most influential children’s writers. He wrote books such as Cinderella, Sleeping Beauty and Puss in Boots. * The French healthcare system was ranked number one in the world back in 1997. Average life expectancy in France is currently 79.73 years. * 54% of French people identify themselves as being Christians, while 31% of people stated that they were not religious. Islam, Buddhism and Judaism are all practised by a minority (just over 1%) of the population * It is estimated that there are between 200,000 and 1 million illegal immigrants in France * France has an estimated population of 64.5 million, making it the 19th largest country (in terms of population) in the world. * France is the most popular tourist destination in the world. Nearly 82 million people traveled to France for holidays in 2007. Spain was the second most popular tourist destination with 58.5 million visitors. * In 2004, only 68.8% of French people aged 15-64 were working. This is a major contributor to the relatively...
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...Rinascita=rebirth (like Renaissance) painter/architect Male Suffrage o Individualism: People sought to receive personal credit for achievements, unlike medieval ideal of “all glory goes to god” Names Ideas o Renaissance: Began in Italian city-states, a cause de invention of the printing press, laid way for Protestant Reformation Events Books/Texts Italy: City states, under HRE (Holy Roman Empire) o For alliances: old nobility vs. wealthy merchants FIGHT P-Prussia Popolo: third class, “the people”, wanted own share of wealth/power R-Russia A-Austria Ciompi Revolts: 1378 Florence, Popolo were revolting [eew], brief period of control over government B-Britain Milan taken over by signor (which is a tyrant) • o Under control of the Condottiero (mercenary) Sforza- Significant because after this, a few wealthy families dominated Venice (e.g. Medici) Humanism: Francesco Petrarch (Sonnets), came up with term “Dark Ages”, began to study classical world of rhetoric and literature Cicero: Important Roman, provided account of collapse of Roman Republic [like Edward Gibbon], invented Ciceronian style: Latin style of writing which humanists followed • [Even though they weren’t in Rome, Humanists did as the Romans do] Despite being accused of following Pagan culture, Petrarch talked a lot about universality Civic Humanists: Politicians/ diplomats, utilized public education for common good Plato: Studying Greek allowed enlightened...
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...parts: the company’s activities and current development; comparison of competitors’ strategies and tactics; intercultural issues and costumer behaviour in the luxury industry, especially Chinese market; recommendations and alternative solutions for Shanghai Tang’s future strategies. In this report, I will focus on the two most important factors: “inter Culture” and “luxury”, which will impact on the future strategies of Shanghai Tang, and I will defend my standpoints by analyzing the environment of luxury industry and cultural context in China. 2. Shanghai Tang’s current development and business situation Since 1995, the Swiss luxury company Financiere Richem SA (Richemont) became the main shareholder of Shanghai Tang, Tang’s company had a deep European Luxury background, which could support its development in both financial and strategic aspects. It is a big competitive advantage for Shanghai Tang, compare with other Chinese fashion player. After the failure of New York flagship store in 1999, new leadership and direction was infused in Shanghai Tang in 2001, by the new CEO, Rapheal le Masne de Chermont, who...
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...dove grey carpets and boudoir mirrors vie for the eyes of customers with Prada’s harlequin tiles. The polished hardware of Dolce and Gabbana handbags glint, not far from lustrous exotic-skinned accessories by Gucci. No, this is not the Avenue des Champs-Élysées or Bond Street, but the departure lounge of Heathrow Airport’s Terminal 5, where passengers buy over $450 million per year of perfumes, clothing, scarves, sunglasses, jewellery, watches, bags and small leather goods from brands including Alexander McQueen, Burberry and Chanel, the airport’s top performer. A similar scene plays out each day at a plethora of major international airports across the world, from Singapore’s Changhi and South Korea’s Incheon to Dubai International and Charles de Gaulle in Paris. But this wasn’t always the case. Indeed, in the last 20 years, airside retail has undergone a radical transformation. From Sideline to Strategic Priority “What you used to have at Heathrow and Gatwick, for example, was big old airport terminals, with a WH Smith and maybe a Knickerbox and a big greasy spoon café,” Brian Collie, former group retail director of the British Airport Authority (BAA) from 1997 to 2005, told BoF. But things began to change in the mid-1990s. “What we did was bring quality retail developers and architects to the airports,” said Collie. “And we were beginning to get demand from brands who had never really traded at the airport: big players like Chanel...
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... Transformational Leadership: Characteristics and Criticisms Iain Hay School of Geography, Population and Environmental ManagementFlinders University A prime function of a leader is to keep hope alive. (John W. Gardner)Nothing great was ever achieved without enthusiasm. (Ralph Waldo Emerson)Setting an example is not the main means of influencing another, it is the only means. (Albert Einstein) Collectively, these three short quotations capture some of the key characteristics of transformational leadership, a form of leadership argued by some (Simic, 1998) to match the Zeitgeist of the post-World War II era. Academic debate about the nature and effectiveness of transformational leadership has developed since key work on the topic emerged in the 1970s. This short paper sets out to provide summary answers to three main questions about transformational leadership. What is it? How is it applied? What are some of its key weaknesses? In the course of the discussion, the following pages also provide a brief background to the origins of transformational leadership theory and point quickly to a possible theoretical future for a transformed transformational leadership. Transformational Leadership TheoryAccording to Cox (2001), there are two basic categories of leadership: transactional and transformational. The distinction between transactional and transformational leadership was first made by Downton (1973, as cited in Barnett, McCormick & Conners, 2001) but the idea gained...
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...Global Forum on Transport and Environment in a Globalising World 10-12 November 2008, Guadalajara, Mexico The Impacts of Globalisation on International Air Transport Activity Past trends and future perspectives Ken Button, School of George Mason University, USA NOTE FROM THE SECRETARIAT This paper was prepared by Prof. Ken Button of School of George Mason University, USA, as a contribution to the OECD/ITF Global Forum on Transport and Environment in a Globalising World that will be held 10-12 November 2008 in Guadalajara, Mexico. The paper discusses the impacts of increased globalisation on international air traffic activity – past trends and future perspectives. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS NOTE FROM THE SECRETARIAT .............................................................................................................2 THE IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION ON INTERNATIONAL AIR TRANSPORT ACTIVITY - PAST TRENDS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVE ....................................................................................................5 1. 2. 3. Introduction ..........................................................................................................................................5 Globalization and internationalization ..................................................................................................5 The Basic Features of International Air Transportation .......................................................................6 3.1 Historical...
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...Review: The Battle of Algiers Gillo Pontecorvo was a director way ahead of his time. He directed two anti-colonialism in the 1960, when most of the movie-going audience was probably comfortably numb to the plight of the Third World. He created a film genre (anti-colonialism) that while at first controversial would eventually become a mainstream source for modern classics. He was one of the first directors to take on the challenging subjects of terrorism and torture, in an era where the preferred treatment of the historical film was sterilization, not realism. Pontecorvo portrayed women realistically, not as an idealized pieces of scenery. Most important, Pontecorvo achieved the admirable feat of creating films that accurately reflected historical accuracy and cinematic excellence. And he did all this while advancing a political thesis. In The Battle of Algiers (1966) Gillo Ponetcorvo uses factual content extrapolated from the history of the Algerian War to demonstrate a historical lesson: to defeat an ideologically entrenched, locally supported underground nationalist movement, you must employ measures (suppression of civil liberties, police brutality, military aggression, and eventually torture) that while crucial to winning battles against underground networks (like the FLN in Algiers) in the short run, these counter-insurgency actions will ultimately serve to bolster the opposition to authority in the long run. Eventually, as Pontecorvo's coda suggests, the tactics of the...
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...BTEC Business Strategy Unit : 7 Task : 1 LO : 1 1.1 Strategic context and terminology Strategic planning is important for any organization. A clear understanding of the process of strategic planning is crucial for successful implementation of the same. This chapter focuses on mission, vision, objectives, goals and core competencies of TNT, issues involved in strategic planning and also different planning techniques. Mission statement: A mission statement is a role, or purpose, by which an organization intends to serve its stakeholders. It describes what the organization does (current capabilities), who it to serve (stakeholders), and what makes the organization unique (justification for existence). Mission statements always exist at the top level of an organization, but may also be set for different organizational levels or components. A mission statement is simply an organization's reason for existing. Vision Statement: Vision statement identifies where the organization intends to be in the future or where it should be to best meet the needs of stakeholders. Incorporates a shared understanding of the nature and purpose of the organization and uses this understanding to move the organization toward a greater purpose. Objectives: After developing mission statement, objectives are required to define. Objectives are much specific than mission statement For example- I want to finish my assignment by 10 o’clock this morning. This indicates to perform a number of tasks...
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...EXORBITANT PRIVILEGE EXORBITANT PRIVILEGE The Rise and Fall of the Dollar and the Future of the International Monetary System Barry Eichengreen Oxford University Press, Inc., publishes works that further Oxford University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education. Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offices in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Copyright © 2011 by Barry Eichengreen Published by Oxford University Press, Inc. 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016 www.oup.com Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Eichengreen, Barry J. Exorbitant privilege : The Rise and Fall of the Dollar and the Future of the International Monetary System / Barry Eichengreen. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-19-975378-9 1. Money—United States—History—20th century. 2. Devaluation of currency—United States—History—21st century. 3. United States—Economic...
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