...Introduction The world has undergone significant technological advancement and strategic landscape evolution since the start of this century. Globalisation has shrunk the spaces between states and nations. The world is now intricately connected and nations are hence more vulnerable to the impacts and effects of threats posed by others. With the transformation of the global security landscape, militaries have to cope with a wider spectrum of threats – traditional and non-traditional. Non-traditional threats are transnational by nature. They are not restricted by international boundaries or nationalities. Often, the threats are unpredictable and intricately woven into our traditional threats. Such combinations posed greater danger and risk in damaging the states or nations. The primary purpose of the military outfit is to defend the nation’s sovereignty and independence against traditional threats from other nations. The marrying of non-traditional and traditional threats imposed greater responsibilities on the military forces. It also fundamentally challenges the relevance, construct and employment of the military force. This essay seeks to explore how the global security landscape has changed and its impact on the world. It also aims to identify if military forces are successful in coping with the current landscape. Global security landscape and its impact Liberal trade and rapid advancement of technology has resulted in a greater degree of interconnectedness and interdependence...
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...familiar with the 1903 Wright Brothers flight at Kitty Hawk, North Caroline. That same year, 22 year old William Boeing left college at Yale and moved forward to the West Coast. Through a series of events, Boeing wanted to learn more and more about aviation finally partnering with George Westervelt, a former engineer and airline enthusiast. By 1915, Westervelt and Boeing designed a new twin-float seaplane called the B&W (Yenne, 2005, 3-18). What followed was a series of challenges, setbacks, successes, and innovations. During World War II, Boeing was responsible for building up to 350 bombers per month. After the war, the company quickly tried to recoup its production and in the 1950s developed numerous new military applications and the Boeing 707 jetliner, one of the most successful aircraft ever designed. The 1950s also saw Boeing move into the development and production of advanced weaponry, securing a place in the burgeoning Cold War defense industry. In 1960 Boeing improved the 707 with the 727, which launched for service in 1963. Numerous adaptations from the 727 resulted in the 737 in 1967, which surpassed the 707 as the best-selling commercial jet aircraft in international aviation history – still being produced and utilized (Norris, 1996, 29-40). Changes in the seating capacity resulted in the...
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...Anticommunism and McCarthy A common mistake that many people, including some historians, make consists of equating a general idea, principle, or thought with the movement that forms behind that ideal. For instance, some mistake violent extremists claiming to work on the principle or idea of their religion as true representatives of that religion. However, while a movement is working to politicize or publicize an idea or belief, the movement is not necessarily equivalent to, or perhaps even relevant to, the idea that underlies the movement. Much of this is true with the frequently overlooked distinction between McCarthyism and the more general anticommunism. Properly defined, anticommunism is an ideology that holds that communism is morally and politically wrong. Regardless of whether the communist regime is legitimate or not according to the standards of Western democracy, the anti-communist believes that government is fundamentally wrong and should not exist. Because anticommunism is an ideology (that is, is based on an idea), any person regardless of country or place in government, can be an anti-communist by virtue of the fact that an anti-communist is, by definition, nothing more than a person ideologically opposed to the idea of communism. Being opposed does not specify any action on the part of the person, however. In other words, being anti-communist does not mean a person will participate in marches against communism or boo communists in public debate. Simply put...
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...The Issues of National Importance Based on Current Events 1. Nature And Animal Conservation Preserving species and their habitats is important for ecosystems to self-sustain themselves. Yet, the pressures to destroy habitat for logging, illegal hunting, and other challenges are making conservation a struggle. 2. Tobacco It is well know that tobacco smoking kills millions. But it also exacerbates poverty, contributes to world hunger by diverting prime land away from food production, damages the environment and reduces economic productivity. Second hand smoking also affects other people’s lives. Despite many attempts to prevent it, a global tobacco control treaty became international law in 2005. However, challenges still remain as tobacco companies try to hit back, for example, by targeting developing nations, increasing advertising at children and women, attempting to undermine global treaties and influence trade talks, etc. 3. COP19—Warsaw Climate Conference Posted Monday, December 02, 2013. An overview of the Climate Change Conference (also known as COP 19), held in Warsaw, Poland in November 2013. Predictably and sadly, the same issues have resurfaced: West stalling on doing anything, lack of funding, disagreement on priorities, etc. Climate Change And Global Warming Introduction Last updated Monday, November 11, 2013. The climate is changing. The earth is warming up, and there is now overwhelming scientific consensus that it is happening, and...
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...Terrorism of 21st Century Sabeena Singh DeVry University April 20, 2014 "Today, our fellow citizens, our way of life, our very freedom came under attack in a series of deliberate and deadly terrorist acts. The victims were in airplanes or in their offices: secretaries, businessmen and women, military and federal workers, moms and dads, friends and neighbors. Thousands of lives were suddenly ended by evil, despicable acts of terror. The pictures of airplanes flying into buildings, fires burning, and -- huge structures collapsing have filled us with disbelief, terrible sadness, and a quiet, unyielding anger. These acts of mass murder were intended to frighten our nation into chaos and retreat. But they have failed. Our country is strong." George W. Bush Addressing the Nation on September 11, 2001. (Intellectual Takeout , 2014) During the 1990s, the end of the cold war led to an entirely new global security environment, marked by a focus on internal rather than inter-state wars. In the early 21st century, new global threats emerged. The attacks of 11 September 2001 on the United States clearly demonstrated the challenge of international terrorism, while subsequent events heightened concern about the proliferation of nuclear weapons and the dangers from other non-conventional weapons. The organizations of the UN system mobilized immediately in their respective spheres to step up action...
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...dramatic changes – some positive, and some painful. The 1980s ultimately brought about the fall of communist U.S.S.R, the 1990s showed the world the phoenix-like rise of democracy from the ashes of communism, and the 2000s have now shown us the rise of autocracy, or “sovereign democracy” , wrapped in a Russian flag. The Russian state that enters into this new decade is an entirely different state than that of its communist, or even democratic, predecessors. Such quick, drastic changes and Western inexperience in dealing with Russia’s new form of democracy has left Western governments sometimes scrambling to find a proper response to the actions of a Russia which they do not understand. The foreign policy and resulting actions of 21st century Russia are often misinterpreted by Western powers as those of a belligerent and sometimes antagonistic state. Western media also often does not understand and does not accurately convey Russia’s foreign policy goals to the public, sometimes deciding to demonize Russia and capitalize on the fact that much of the Western populace sees little distinction between the actions of modern Russia and those of the Soviet Union. Miscalculated Western foreign policy leads to nearly the same situation inside of Russia, where an antagonistic West can only serve to help Russia’s autocratic leaders perpetuate their hold on power. This paper will attempt to show the motives behind Russia’s foreign policy decisions and create an understanding that Western...
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...HISTORY 4C: WESTERN CIVILIZATION: 1715-PRESENT Description of the Course: This course surveys the history of Europe from the beginning of the 18th century until the end of the 20th century. We will study major political, economic, social and intellectual developments that affected European societies during that time period and changed lives of people throughout the world. Major themes of the course will include the French and Industrial Revolutions, emergence of ideologies such as liberalism, nationalism and socialism as well as their practical impact on politics and culture, the rise and fall of European global dominance, wars and revolution of the 20th century. Goals of the Course: I. Understanding Historical Heritage of our Civilization: The major purpose of this course is to familiarize you with heritage of the western civilization and help you understand significance of its impact on contemporary world. This class will aim to illustrate how the past impacts people’s lives in the present and how our actions, ideas, and self-image are shaped by historical developments. II. Acquiring Critical Thinking: History consists of more than just memorization of names, dates and narratives of historical events. Although knowledge of factual information is imperative, it is important to realize that history is interpretation of facts, trends and ideas. Therefore, neither professor nor Teaching Assistants will give you “right” or “wrong” answers. Instead, another major...
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...Strategy Research Project CLAUSEWITZ AND 21ST CENTURY WARFARE BY COLONEL CHRISTOPHER J. PAPAJ United States Marine Corps DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A: Approved for Public Release. Distribution is Unlimited. USAWC CLASS OF 2008 This SRP is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Master of Strategic Studies Degree. The views expressed in this student academic research paper are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Army, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. U.S. Army War College, Carlisle Barracks, PA 17013-5050 Report Documentation Page Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for the collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to a penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control...
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...Adeola Adegbite March 21st 2013 African International Politics Professor Throup Failure of Organizations Throughout modern history, Western powers such as the United States and Europe have always assisted weaker nations in order for those countries to maintain internal stability and external relations with other nations. Most often, Western powers to aid states with failing democratic systems or nations that are strategic allies in certain regions of the world. For Western powers, it is important to promote the ideals of Democracy, and assist other nations deemed as crucial to Democracy’s development. Democracies and its expansion are vital for several reasons Democratic nations foster peace and stability. Following World War II, the United States believed it was imperative to sustain and support Western Europe. At the time Western Europe was facing the encroachment of the Soviet Union and its communist ideologies. The United States saw its support for Western Europe as essential in order to preserve their alliance, and most importantly to continue strengthening and expanding democratic ideals. However, as of the past twenty years, when it comes sub-Saharan Africa, Western nations are not nearly as concerned about a states internal or external stability. For example, countries such as Rwanda, Somalia, Sudan, and many other sub-Saharan countries are in utter turmoil, but the West has turned a blind eye. The burden now falls on organizations like the United Nations, Organization...
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...or stimulate growth if the economy is in a lull. Walmart, a major retailer in the United States, is one of the many organizations that are influenced by fiscal policies. Tax rates and spending can affect the organization’s ability to sell goods and services as well as create jobs for the economy. Based on fiscal policies implemented and economic predictions, there are a few recommendations that can be made to Walmart in order to positively influence the economy and their business. Federal Government Spending Fiscal policy is changes in government spending and taxes in order to influence the economy in some way. It works by changing the level or composition of aggregate demand (AD). Government spending in the United States has steadily increased from 7% of GDP in 1902 to almost 40% today (Chantrill, 2015). A decent amount of federal spending has gone for health care, education, pensions, and welfare programs. Defense spending in the United States has fluctuated in the last century, rising from 1% of GDP, peaking at 41% in World War II, declining from 10 percent in the Cold War to five percent today (Chantrill, 2015). Government spending on education has expanded from about one percent of GDP in 1900 to peak at 6 percent in the second decade of the 21st century. Government did not intervene significantly in the provision of health care until the passage of Medicare and Medicaid in the mid-1960s (Boccia, 2015). Since then government health care has increased to around 7...
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...The Vietnam War was the longest lasting military conflict in American History. What was originally fear of communist expansion became one of America’s most expensive and strenuous efforts, consuming over fifty eight thousand American lives. As casualties increased throughout the 1960’s, so did the domestic opposition to the war. In turn, large-scale protests and a lack of trust between government and its people rose. Today many of the war’s details remain unclear; however, Hollywood has had its hand at depicting what occurred. This paper provides an analysis of the Vietnam War, as well as its depiction in the 21st century film industry. “The Deer Hunter,” “Born on the 4th of July” and “Casualties of War” are three different interpretations of the war in both foreign and domestic settings. Each film offers a different point of view, varying from social, political, and military perspectives. Following the Second World War, the French set forth an effort to regain their former colonial possession of Indo-China, which had been occupied by the Japanese throughout the war. After nearly a decade, the French were unable to establish a presence in what they called their “inheritance”, and as a result withdrew under the Geneva Accord in 1954. Meanwhile conflict within the regions of Vietnam created instability. A communist regime called the Peoples Army of Vietnam (PAVN), headed by Ho Chi Minh obtained power of the North. In contrast Ngo Dinh Diem established an interim government that...
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...The Vietnam War was the longest lasting military conflict in American History. What was originally fear of communist expansion became one of America’s most expensive and strenuous efforts, consuming over fifty eight thousand American lives. As casualties increased throughout the 1960’s, so did the domestic opposition to the war. In turn, large-scale protests and a lack of trust between government and its people rose. Today many of the war’s details remain unclear; however, Hollywood has had its hand at depicting what occurred. This paper provides an analysis of the Vietnam War, as well as its depiction in the 21st century film industry. “The Deer Hunter,” “Born on the 4th of July” and “Casualties of War” are three different interpretations of the war in both foreign and domestic settings. Each film offers a different point of view, varying from social, political, and military perspectives. Following the Second World War, the French set forth an effort to regain their former colonial possession of Indo-China, which had been occupied by the Japanese throughout the war. After nearly a decade, the French were unable to establish a presence in what they called their “inheritance”, and as a result withdrew under the Geneva Accord in 1954. Meanwhile conflict within the regions of Vietnam created instability. A communist regime called the Peoples Army of Vietnam (PAVN), headed by Ho Chi Minh obtained power of the North. In contrast Ngo Dinh Diem established an interim government that...
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...Indo-U.S. Relations in the Post Cold - War Period (1992-2006) By Debasish Nandi Supervisor : Dr. Abhijit Ghosh October, 2012 Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment to the Ph.D (Arts) Degree in Political Science Department of Political Science, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan, Pin - 713104, West Bengal, India. Content Page No. 1. Preface 2. Acknowledgement I-II III 3. Abbreviations IV-VI 4. Chapter - 1 : Introduction 1-10 5.Chapter - 2 : Indo-U.S. Relations in the Cold War Period 11-41 6.Chapter - 3 : Indo-US Diplomatic Ties in the Post- Cold War Period 42-79 7.Chapter - 4 : Indo-U.S. Economic, Technological and Scientific Co-operation 80-131 8.Chapter - 5 : 9/11 Incident: US Attitude towards Terrorism Vis-à-vis India and Pakistan 132-169 9.Chapter - 6 : India’s Nuclear Links with the USA 170-204 10. Chapter - 7 : Conclusion 205-214 11. Select Bibliography 215-237 Preface Indo-U.S. relations constitute important and influential relations in this world politics. It influences not only the U.S.-Pakistani and the Sino-Indian relations to a great extent; ‘Indo-U.S. relations in the post-Cold War period (1992-2006)’ has been the title of the present dissertation. Beginning against the back ground of the U.S.-Pakistani Arms Assistance Agreement of 1954, the Indo-U.S. relations had witnessed many ups and down in the following years. For example, there had been flourishes...
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...statement is our debate topic & we are supporting the statement. Before we present our arguments to support it, the following questions should be answered: • Who are global powers? • What is balance of power? • What is their (global power’s) interest? • What is global peace, conflict & refugee crisis? The answers to above terms will provide us clear view on the esteemed statement. The terms are discussed as follows: Global Power: There are 10 powerful countries, the 10 great powers that can rock the world. They have been ranked by their fire power & ability to shape both their regional environments and the international system as a whole; among all the world’s countries these are the ones with the most ability to affect global politics by their choices. The global power rankings are revised every year. Until 2016, the top 10 global powers are as follows: 1. United States of America 2. United Kingdom 3. Germany 4. China 5. Japan 6. Russia 7. India 8. Turkey 9. Iran 10. South Korea Balance of Power: In international relations, the posture and policy of a nation or group of nations protecting itself against another nation or group of nations by matching its power against the power of the other side. States can pursue a policy of balance of power in two ways: by increasing their own power, as when engaging in an armaments race or in the competitive acquisition of territory; or by adding to their own power that of other...
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...perfect time as I found myself surrounded in History as I toured Pearl Harbor this weekend. I have to admit watching video and listening to some of the survivors take on the events brought me to tears. I was fortunate enough to have my mom on this trip and she gave me some more great family history and explained that her sister was on the island when the attack happened and was able to get back to the mainland 10 days later. I could write 10 pages on what we spoke about the past few days. Our class has made me realize that we speak of history every day even in simple conversations about what we did a year ago or when we were children, the events we witness today is our children’s history and it is made every day. This class has opened my eyes to take a closer and awareness at the things that are happening around us today and in the past. Now that the class is about complete I am not sure how anyone may have negative views on history, no matter what had happened in our history it has been done and we must see it for the positive things we can take from our past. The debate on immigration can be seen and actually felt when traveling to different parts of our country and abroad. Listening to some of the fascinating tales on Hawaiian history it was not that long ago Americans and Europeans were trying to mass populations, mainly military, to Hawaii. The Asian influence came in the late 1800’s when they needed people to work on the farms; several hundred thousand of the local population...
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