...is freight important? • How do civil engineers / transportation professionals affect freight mobility? • What is unique about freight when compared to passenger transportation? Winter 2007, Lecture 1 2 Introduction Civil & Environmental Engineering – Freight Transportation • U.S. freight transportation network (2002) – Over 15 billion tons of goods – Value over $10 trillion • Bulk goods comprise large share of tonnage – Grains, coal, ores • Lighter and more valuable goods make up increasing proportion – Computers, office, technology Winter 2007, Lecture 1 3 Civil & Environmental Engineering – Freight Transportation Winter 2007, Lecture 1 4 Macroeconomic view Civil & Environmental Engineering – Freight Transportation • Significant share of economy • Nation’s freight bill in 2001 – $579 billion spent • Source: BTS NTS 2003 • 6.2% of GDP – GDP - The market value of goods and services produced by labor and property in the United States, regardless of nationality; GDP replaced gross national product (GNP) as the primary measure of U.S. production in 1991 Winter 2007, Lecture 1 5 Microeconomic view Civil & Environmental Engineering – Freight Transportation • Personal budget – Transportation uses about 11% of disposable income (4th after housing, health care, food) • One in ten jobs related to transportation – 4 million total – 75% freight related • Half of motor vehicle sales are commercial freight units Winter...
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...industry. Secondly the safety issues & standards of the vehicles produced, particularly related to the Tata Nano need to be addressed, and thirdly the detailed market research to be undertaken by Tata Motors in relation to the competitive needs and expectations of the motoring public in countries Tata Motors is trying to move into eg. United States and Europe when it comes to passenger cars as well as ability to continue to effectively capture the Jaguar and Land Rover markets globally, along with their bus and truck range which are strong in India but not as strong in other countries. Economic conditions not only in India but globally are a consideration for Tata Motors. As of 2012 India was the 7th largest nation in area, the second most populous country on earth with 1.2 billion people and with a population growth of 1.3% per year. The Indian Gross Domestic Product (GDP) was $3,700 compared to $48,000 in the United States of America. India’s economy recovered well from the global financial crisis due to strong domestic demand, but this growth slowed in 2011 due to local economic conditions such as high interest rates and high inflation along with the...
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...casting/forging aluminum. Out of the 22 other countries in which FMC operates, not one of them has more than six plants. Moreover, human labor in the United States is much more expensive than other countries; centralizing most of the plants here will increase the cost and decrease the profitability. In addition, closing down older plants requires a cost to buy out the workers. Yet, the company will end up saving more money getting rid of these older plants even though it has to buy out the workers. The idea is to spend the money on other things such as new technology, marketing, or investment which eventually will bring profit to the company. The second option from the case study is that FMC should move to produce smaller cars instead of trucks and SUVs. North America’s socio-cultural trend has changed within the last...
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...Analysis In 1903, American industrialist Henry Ford started a company that revolutionized how the world moved. With $28,000 in his pocket, Ford Motor Company was born. Today, it has grown to be the world’s third largest automaker, and the largest family-controlled company that has been in family control for over 110 years. Throughout the existence of Ford Motor Company, their success would not have been possible without knowing and understanding certain factors that affect not only the supply and demand, but also the equilibrium prices in the automobile industry. Every organization within the industry faces the same issues and opportunities that may affect competitiveness and long-term profitability, but Ford Motor Company continues to develop new and improved products to gain the advantage over their competitors. Ford Motor Corporation Henry Ford began the creation of Ford Motor Company by his fascination of gas-powered engines. In 1903 with the help of 11 investors Ford Motor Company was incorporated through the New York Stock Exchange and its home office originated in Dearborn, Michigan. This giant automotive manufacturer created the first Model T. in 1908 that became to be one of the largest selling vehicles in history. Ford Motor Company later began to build vehicles for the government to support in World War II. This made the automotive manufacturer a very vital business to the U.S. economy and now one of the largest in the world. Ford Motor Company has developed new technological...
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...THE INFLUENCE OF DISRUPTIVE INNOVATIONS ON NEW AND EXISTING BUSINESS MODELS. Introduction A disruptive innovation can be simply referred to as the application of technological advancement, product, or service that eventually overturns the existing dominant technology or status quo product in the market. Disruptive innovations are innovations that helps create a new market and value network, and eventually goes on to disrupt an existing market and value network (over a few years or decades), displacing an earlier technology. The term is used in business and technology literature to describe innovations that improve a product or service in ways that the market does not expect, typically first by designing for a different set of consumers in a new market and later by lowering prices in the existing market. Some examples of disruptive innovations include: telephones replacing telegraphs, cell phones replacing land lines, digital photography replacing films etc In today’s complex, dynamic business world, having a disruptive innovation capability is mandatory, both for growing a business and protecting existing markets. But leading disruptive innovation requires new mindsets and behaviors, for leaders themselves and for the organizations that develop them. Disruptive Innovation is not a break through innovation that makes good products a lot better; it transforms a products that is expensive and complicated as such only few people with a lot of money could afford it. Disruptive Innovation...
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...motors are expanding its network in International market by aggressively acquiring foreign companies. TATA motors has been famous to introduce new vehicles, this is possible just because of the strong research and development. TATA motors also play active role in corporate and social responsibility. Weaknesses There are strings attached with every new invention and improvement on products. These strings are Tata Motors weaknesses and what other groups perceive as their weaknesses. One weakness that Tata Motors faces is its inability to meet safety standards. Although they have made the most inexpensive car out on the market, it has yet to pass all the safety standards which is a legal factor. Some consumers and pessimists inquire as to how Tata Motors can make such a cheap car and withstanding a...
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...service aspects such as travel time, reliability, safety, comfort and security are also important, as well as environmental impacts. Trucks: In countries where large-scale intercity trucking operates efficiently in medium-income countries with predominantly flat terrain, recent experience is that the transport cost per km for a truck-trailer is between US$0.75 and US$ 1.25. For a typical load of 20 tonnes, this works out at US cents 4-6 per tonne km. By contrast efficient small-scale transport in rural areas using small trucks may have a cost of US$ 0.20-0.30 per tonne-km, although it is common for the rates to be expressed on an hourly rather than km basis. Inefficient operations may push these costs much higher. Main factors that affect trucking costs are • economies of scale in truck size, which favor the use of larger trucks, • back-haul possibilities, which depend strongly on the demand pattern, • empty running and idle time due to seasonal variations in demand, • restrictions on working hours, for example due to regulations or safety reasons, • road conditions such as mountainous terrain, deteriorated pavement and traffic congestion, • enforcement procedures along the road and at border posts, which can delay trucks and impose high unofficial payments, • standard of trucks, in terms of design and condition, which affects speed, availability and consumption rates for fuel, spares and other inputs, • availability of freight forwarding and other services...
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...PART I. ITEM 1. Business Ford Motor Company (referred to herein as "Ford", the "Company", "we", "our" or "us") was incorporated in Delaware in 1919. We acquired the business of a Michigan company, also known as Ford Motor Company, which had been incorporated in 1903 to produce and sell automobiles designed and engineered by Henry Ford. We are one of the world’s largest producers of cars and trucks. We and our subsidiaries also engage in other businesses, including financing vehicles. In addition to the information about Ford and our subsidiaries contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011 ("2011 Form 10-K Report" or "Report"), extensive information about our Company can be found at www.corporate.ford.com, including information about our management team, our brands and products, and our corporate governance principles. The corporate governance information on our website includes our Corporate Governance Principles, Code of Ethics for Senior Financial Personnel, Code of Ethics for the Board of Directors, Standards of Corporate Conduct for all employees, and the Charters for each of the Committees of our Board of Directors. In addition, any amendments to our Code of Ethics or waivers granted to our directors and executive officers will be posted in this area of our website. All of these documents may be accessed by going to our corporate website and clicking on "Our Company," then "Corporate Governance," and then "Corporate Governance...
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... there were 134,880,000 vehicles and 7,883,000 motorcycles registered in the United States in 2009 alone. Looking at these numbers we can say that the purchase of these vehicles and motorcycles contributed to the United States economy, but at the same time, those numbers also tell us how much our environment have been affected by the pollution from them. Although, cars seem to be the most convenient method of transportation, should we have a more reliable public transportation, I believe people would opt out from using a car to move around. Motor vehicles have also been extremely relied on in the work force; trucking for example, contributes greatly to the country’s import and export, goods’ transportation, etc. It does sound like motor vehicles were the best machine ever invented but because of the excessive use of them, great damage has been done to our atmosphere. (U.S. Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2012) Motor Transportation and the Environment How do vehicles affect our environment? Because of the amount of chemicals and gases that vehicles release, they are the biggest contributor of air pollution. It is no doubt that the automotive industry is critical to the U.S. economy growth but it is also the primarily cause of air pollution in the nation. Having so many vehicles in our roads producing fossil from its motors, is also a critical component of the high levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere...
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...Is the Truck Half Empty or Half Full? Karinna C. Milans Bellevue University RCBC320 February 12, 2013 Introduction In the world of “big box” retailers, selling product at competitive, low prices is not the only thing that is required to be successful. These retailers also have to make sure that they have enough products available to satisfy customer demand. At the same time, retailers must be careful not to sit on their financial assets by overstocking their warehouse with unneeded merchandise. Proper inventory management is impacted by several factors including verifying on-hands, correct capturing at point-of-sale, effective merchandising, product ordering, and receiving of the product. The first four factors are directly controlled by the retailer itself. The final factor, receiving of product, can be affected by outside influences. The product sold by retailers arrives at their final destination via vendor trucking companies or parcel delivery companies like UPS. The cost of these delivery services can highly fluctuate based on the cost of fuel, and can have a negative impact on all parties involved including the customer. In this paper, I plan to discuss how the high cost of fuel affects the operation and capital of a major retailer such as Home Depot. First, let’s take a closer look at Home Depot by conducting a SWOT analysis. StrengthsLarge buying powerProprietary vendors | OpportunitiesOnline sales “Green” shipping options | WeaknessesLimited...
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...Parents will do almost anything to see their children happy but, is there a bigger consiquence? Studies show that the bigger market is not in teens, like most would think. The biggest market is from children. Even the youngest children's minds are more capible then you would belive. They are out to make the parents cave into buying the toy they just saw on tv, after watching their favorite show. They have minds just as good as advertisment producers do but, the effects are directed toward the parents of these younger children. Although the advertising industry may help the economy big time, many people fail to see the bigger picture. Say a young child around the age of 7 has just got done watching his favorite show, "Paw Patrol". What happens next? While the parent is trying to get chores done around the house? A "Wendy's" commercial! Wendy's has just advertised how all there prouduce is "Fresh!" and, to come on in and try it today? The company spends millions to show consumers there salads, how they are made fresh daily. Out of nowhere your child comes up to you and, wants Wendy's. What these parents choose to answer their child with, is what effects young minds, not the ads....
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...Topic: Apply the Porter's five forces model on Automobile Industry and analyse the attractiveness of the Industry for Investment purpose Evolution of Porter's Five Forces Model Five forces is a framework for the industry analysis and business strategy development developed by Michael E. Porter of Harvard Business School in 1979. Michael Porter is a professor at Harvard Business School andis a leading authority on competitive strategy and international competitiveness.Michael Porter was born in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Five forces uses concepts developing, Industrial Organization (IO) economics to derive five forces that determine the competitive intensity and therefore attractiveness of a market. Attractiveness in this context refers to the industry profitability. An "unattractive" industry is one where the combination of forces acts to drive down overall profitability. A very unattractive industry would be one approaching "pure competition". Introduction Five Forces Model by Michael Porter Five Forces model of Michael Porter is a very elaborate concept for evaluating company's competitive position. Michael Porter provided a framework that models an industry and therefore implicitly alsobusinesses asbeing influenced by five forces.Michael Porter's Five Forces model is often used in strategic planning. Porter's competitive fiveforces model is probably one of the mostcommonly used business strategy tools and has proven its usefulness in numerous situations when exploring...
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...Unit-1: MARKET SHARE OF DIFFERENT TYRE COMPANIES IN TRUCK SEGMENT Unit-2: CUSTOMER’S PREFERENCE ON DIFFERENT BRANDS AND TYRE COMPANIES IN TRUCK SEGMENT Ambedkar Institute of Management Studies 1 Contents Unit-1: MARKET SHARE OF DIFFERENT TYRE COMPANIES IN TRUCK SEGMENT. Executive Summary: a. Introduction b. About Tyre industries in India (Background, key issues, Review of performance) c. Growth of Tyre Industries d. Various Types of Tyre segment JK’s Brief profile (Company) a. b. c. d. About JK Mission & Vision Marketing strategy SWOT analysis e. Organizational structure Objectives of the study Need for the study Limitation of the study Research Methodology of the study Data analysis & Interpretation Findings Suggestions Unit-2: CUSTOMER’S PREFERENCE ON DIFFERENT BRANDS AND TYRE COMPANIES IN TRUCK SEGMENT. Consumer Buying behaviour Indian consumer profile Objective of the study Limitation Of the study Methodology Data analysis & interpretation Findings Suggestions Conclusion Bibliography Annexure Ambedkar Institute of Management Studies 2 Executive Summary: a. About Tyre industries in India b. Growth of Tyre Industries c. Various Types of Tyre segment JK’s Brief profile (Company) a. About JK b. Mission & Vision c. Marketing strategy d. SWOT analysis e. Marketing Organization Executive Summary a. Introduction Ambedkar Institute of Management...
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...Automotive) company in recent years have caused the company to take on a systematic approach to building and maintaining a profitable business. The discovery of the root cause for the FCA turn around can be found in the leader CEO Sergio Marchionne. In the paper, we will review his top three leadership practices, and perform SWOT analysis of the FCA- North America organization. The FCA- North America LLC has its headquarters in Auburn Hill, Michigan. The FCA- North America divisions include SRT, Dodge, Chrysler, and Ram. The primary products made by this company are SUVs, trucks and automobiles. The Dodge autos include the Dart, Challenger, Charger, and the Avenger. The Chrysler autos include the 200, the 300, Town and Country. The Ram Truck line includes Ram 1500, 2500, 3500. The SUV lineup is Jeep, Dodge Durango. The FCA- North America LLC product has a target of the general public as well as the commercial side to meet the needs of the business sector. In 2006, Chrysler Group LLC was in a terrible financial position and filed for bankruptcy. Chrysler Group LLC was too big to fail was the excuse that led to the U.S. Government to be part owner in the Chrysler Group LLC. Part of the restructure agreement, was the Fiat S.P.A. was, in short,...
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...managers can categorise them using the PESTEL model. Provides an understanding of the wider business environment.Encourages the development of strategic thinking.May raise awareness of threats to a project.Can help an organisation to anticipate future difficulties and take action to avoid or minimise their effect Even Coca Cola, the worlds’ largest beverage company has to consider about their macro environment and its opportunities and threats. They too have to analyze their Political, Economical, Social Environment. limitations .The external factors considered during PEST analysis are dynamic and they change at a very fast pace. At times, these changes may occur in less than a day’s time, thus making it tricky to predict why and how these factors may affect the present or future of the project.Collecting enormous amounts of relevant data from the right sources becomes a bit of a problem, especially since most of the pertinent data must be collected from external agencies. This makes PEST analysis not only time consuming but costly as well. Also, getting the latest data and keeping the analysis updated with it becomes a problem.A proper PEST analysis requires a lot of information to be collected. But when handling too much information, the users tend to get confused and lose sight of what factors are more critical. This ambiguity in prioritizing the affecting factors can put the entire planning on the wrong track political Those Non- Alcoholic Beverages like; Coca-Cola, are within...
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