...Air Surveillance Radar Abstract This paper briefly explores the history and origins of air surveillance Radio Detection And Ranging (RADAR) radar systems and how they were developed in three major countries involved in World War II. These countries are the United States, Britain and Germany. Also discussed are the basic components of an air surveillance radar systems and what parts they play. The health concerns of Radio Frequency (RF) radiation such as cancer, reproductive malfunctions and cataracts will be discussed along with environmental and economic impacts. There are multiple political influences and implications associated with air surveillance radar. Wind energy sites and national security and military readiness are two that will be discussed. Also the degradation of the National Air Space (NAS) and military radar systems in the United States and how it has led to the search for new systems to better serve commercial and military aviation. This paper explores and discusses the many markets that use air surveillance radar and the companies that have invested in the development. Also discussed is the proof of concept Multi-Mission Radar that has been developed for use by the United States Army. Air surveillance radars are designed to detect, locate, track and classify a wide range of targets (SRC, Inc., 2016). Radar uses electromagnetic energy that is transmitted toward objects and observes the echoes returned from those targets (Skolnik, M. I., 2015). The information...
Words: 6376 - Pages: 26
...Introduction What makes Newcastle University London unique and worthwhile for students is a series of master classes known as Igniting Connections Masterclass where professionals are invited as guest speaker to discuss their experiences in their field of work and interact with students. I found it satisfying and amusing how each of the guest speaker from different industries have different ways of thinking, looking at different perspective of how business is managed that varies from start-up to multinational companies. Out of all the master classes, I found David Stringer-Lamarre and Marc Crouch the most interesting and relevant to myself. David Stringer-Lamarre – Culture Diversity David Stringer-Lamare is one of my favourite guest speaker due to his energetic voice and interactive presentation. Having graduated from Imperial College London he currently landed his job as founder and managing director of Fortis Consulting London, and chairman of Institute...
Words: 1597 - Pages: 7
...UNIT 13 Production Control CONTENTS Unit summary Learning tools The RADAR question The 6-Point Structure Texts 13.1 Prepare production and shipping plans 13.2 Ensure that production keeps to plan – Part One 13.3 Ensure that production keeps to plan – Part Two 13.4 Deal with fluctuations in production 13.5 Plan and maintain inventories 13.6 Inspect finished products, deal with abnormalities and seek continuous improvement Test Relationship with ISO Unit summary Production control is the management of the production processes to ensure that the company produces goods of the quality that the market wants, in the right quantity, and ready for delivery at the right time - and that it continues to improve the efficiency with which it does so. The six texts of this unit present the key actions to take to achieve these goals: 13.1 Prepare production and shipping plans There are three key plans that the production department must prepare in order to have effective production control: a. An annual production plan, based on the sales plan. b. A daily or monthly production plan. c. A shipping plan. The daily or monthly plan is essential to ensure that production follows the annual plan. The shipping plan ensures that products are delivered from the production site to the delivery site on time 13.2 Ensure that production keeps to plan – Part One When the monthly production plan has been agreed, there are several important actions...
Words: 11928 - Pages: 48
...An e-learning Manual for Implementing Total Quality Management Volume 1 UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION A Roadmap to Quality An e-learning Manual for Implementing Total Quality Management Volume 1 UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION Vienna, 2007 This publication has not been formally edited. Contents Foreword Acknowledgements Introduction Overview Trainer guidelines Introduction to TQM Origins Needs analysis Glossary Module One: Leadership 1. Chief Executive Officer: Managing policy 2. Chief Executive Officer: Ensuring quality 3. Managers: Managing systems 4. Managers: Managing people Module Two: The work environment 5. Disposal and storage 6. Hygiene and health 7. Safety Module Three: Systems and tools 8. Standardization 9. Problem solving 10. QC Circles 11. Statistical methods 12. Education and training Module Four: Production and sales 13. Production control 14. Process control 15. Inspection 16. Management of facilities & equipment 17. Measurement control 18. External suppliers 19. After-sales service 20. Product design and development Acknowledgements A Roadmap to Quality was prepared by the Trade Capacity-building Branch of UNIDO led by Mr. Lalith Goonatilake, Director. The overall coordination was carried out by Mr. Ouseph Padickakudi, Programme Manager, Trade Capacity-building Branch, UNIDO, who was preceded as co-ordinator by Dr. Bernardo Calzadilla-Sarmiento, then Project Manager, Quality, Standardization...
Words: 107128 - Pages: 429
...IMPACT OF STEALTH TECHNOLOGY ON AIR DEFENCE “Stealth refers to a wide range of steps that can be taken to make aircraft harder to detect. There is a payoff and a price.” - Jay H Goldberg [i] CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1. The latest trends in military aircraft manufacturing are towards development and incorporation of technology which can provide with means to avoid detection. This enhances its survivability by reducing its radar signature and hence reducing the possibility of being detected by enemy radars. The degree to which this is achieved differs from aircraft to aircraft. Certain aircraft like the B-2 and F-117 have been manufactured with this technology as the basis and are thus referred to as Stealth Aircraft. In other aircraft, stealth is achieved to a lesser degree but it nevertheless helps them in enhancing their survivability against enemy air defence. The day is not far when this technology is likely to find wide spread use in the field of aviation. 2. The dictionary defines stealth as "evasion of notice". Applied to Aerial Warfare, it implies the ability of an aircraft, or platform, to carry out its mission without being detected. Other terms such as "LO" - low observables, or "RO"- reduced observables, have also been used which imply the same thing. The very concept of 'Stealth' conjures up an image of something moving in secretly without being detected. 'Stealth' technology actually is all about the art of making aircraft, missiles and...
Words: 15633 - Pages: 63
...Williams Introduction Tornadoes are a type of windstorm that are common when the weather begins to get warmer. They are one of Mother Nature’s deadliest forces and they leave little time to prepare for their destruction. They are formed from a midaltitude cyclone or associated with a super cell thunderstorm, in the United States during the months April-June. Tornadoes are measured using the Enhances Fujita scale (EF-Scale) and are measured based of the amount of destruction they cause. At this time researchers continue to learn and process new information about tornadoes and work on predicting their occurrence. General Overview Tornadoes, also known’s as twisters or cyclones, are one of natures most destructive forces. Tornadoes are sporadic in occurrence and can also produce violent winds. They are violent windstorms that take the form of a vortex, or a rotating column of air. (Thunderstorm Hazards-tornadoes, 2014) In these columns of are the air pressure can drop drastically making it sometimes as much as 10% lower than immediately outside these vortexes. (Lutgens; Tarbuck, 2014, Pg. 461) The much lower pressure in the center of the air column is drawn down and air near the ground then rushes into the tornado from all directions....
Words: 1397 - Pages: 6
...“ARPA” (AUTOMATIC RADAR PLOTTING AID) Basically an ARPA is a computerized radar plotting system, which can perform radar plotting manually or automatically according to the operators' choice. RADAR Plotting - Modern radar now-a-days are equipped with an electronic plotting feature known as ARPA this feature makes plotting directly on the radar display very convenient and replaced the need for the reflection plotter or plotting sheet. “Principal ARPA System” • Computer based radar system have been used on board naval vessels since the 1950’s but not until the end of the 1960’s did systems for merchant maritime use come onto the market • These systems were well received because of new, more economical technology and good business conditions for shipping. • It is not by chance that the transition from conventional radar to ARPA has been compared to the pre- and post-radar era onboard ships. We can expect some of the same problem as in that first transition if proper and thorough training is not received. • When it works properly, ARPA is a fantastic tool in the hands of a qualified navigator with proper training. In the hands of untrained personnel, it is a dangerous tool, which can add to the cause of collision. • One main requirement for all users of ARPA is to have good knowledge of the principles of manual plotting in order to understand the information given by the instrument. On the same principles, it is necessary to obtain maximum usage of the equipment in a safe...
Words: 3728 - Pages: 15
...CHAPTER 1 — BASIC RADAR PRINCIPLES AND GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS INTRODUCTION The word radar is an acronym derived from the phrase RAdio Detection And Ranging and applies to electronic equipment designed for detecting and tracking objects (targets) at considerable distances. The basic principle behind radar is simple - extremely short bursts of radio energy (traveling at the speed of light) are transmitted, reflected off a target and then returned as an echo. Radar makes use of a phenomenon we have all observed, that of the ECHO PRINCIPLE. To illustrate this principle, if a ship’s whistle were sounded in the middle of the ocean, the sound waves would dissipate their energy as they traveled outward and at some point would disappear entirely. If, however the whistle sounded near an object such as a cliff some of the radiated sound waves would be reflected back to the ship as an echo. The form of electromagnetic signal radiated by the radar depends upon the type of information needed about the target. Radar, as designed for marine navigation applications, is pulse modulated. Pulse-modulated radar can determine the distance to a target by measuring the time required for an extremely short burst of radio-frequency (r-f) energy to travel to the target and return to its source as a reflected echo. Directional antennas are used for transmitting the pulse and receiving the reflected echo, thereby allowing determination of the direction or bearing of the target echo. Once...
Words: 14842 - Pages: 60
...later used to decipher all German signals. Wernher von Braun He was one of the developers of the V-2 rocket, these where the first rockets to penetrate space. He also developed the Saturn V rocket which took Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin to the moon in 1969. In a way wars tend to have beneficial effects on economic and technological development. In general, wars tend to accelerate technological development to adapt tools necessary to solve specific military needs. Later, these military tools may evolve into non-military devices. Examples of such mechanisms are: The Radar The radar was initially designed my Sir Robert Watson-Watt with its sole purpose being a method to help airmen locate and avoid approaching thunderstorms. He then later discovered that radio waves could be used to detect more than storms. The radar was tested on a Royal Air Force Heyforth bomber for its ability to detect enemy aircraft. Three times a plane passed overhead and three times the main beam of a short-wave radio transmitter...
Words: 1370 - Pages: 6
...realization that it’s military and law enforcement Through the Wall Radar Imaging (TWRI) optics can be applied to the construction industry. Camero likewise understands that the construction industry could help the organization to diversify its product offerings and increase revenue. SWOT Analysis 2.1 Strengths 2.1.1 Experience with military and law enforcement Through the Wall Radar Imaging (TWRI) optics. 2.1.2 Product uses parts within existing supply chain. 2.1.3 Strategic partnership with FLIR® (Forward Looking Infra-Red) to supply thermographic optics. 2.1.4 Technology does not currently exist within the construction optics industry. (New market segment) 2.2 Weaknesses 2.2.1 No market share in the construction optics industry. 2.2.2 Construction industry is a shrinking market. 2.2.3 Construction industry lack of familiarity TWRI technology 2.3 Opportunities Course Project: Magic Eye Marketing Plan 2.3.1 Increased sales to markets in Europe, India, and China. 2.3.2 Diversification of Camero® brand. 2.3.3 Continued development of Camero® product lines. 2.4 Threats 2.4.1 Competition in military and law enforcement TWRI technology is AKELA Inc., and Eureka Aerospace, Inc. 2.4.2 Launch of high cost products are vulnerable to uncertainty within the parameters of current economic conditions. Course Project: Magic Eye Marketing Plan 3.0 Product Description The Magic Eye through the wall radar imaging system offers a solution new to the construction...
Words: 2338 - Pages: 10
...Report On Invisible Cloak Submitted To: Prepared By: Mrs. Parul Pathak Ankita Aggarwal Mr. Ganesh Mishra Laxmi Pooja Contents * Inroduction * What is Invisible Cloak * What makes it so different? * Meta Materials * How does it works? * About the cloak * How close are scientists to creating a real-life invisibility cloak? * References Invisible Cloak Introduction Invisibility has long been employed in works of science fiction and fantasy, from 'cloaking devices' on spaceships in the various Star Trek series to Harry Potter’s magic cloak. But physicists are beginning to think they can actually make devices with just these properties. To achieve the feat of 'cloaking' an object, they have developed what are known as metamaterials, some of which can bend electromagnetic radiation, such as light, around an object, giving the appearance that it isn’t there at all. The first examples only worked with long-wavelength radiation such as microwaves. One small device that made small objects invisible to near-infrared radiation and worked in three dimensions was unveiled by physicists from the UK and Germany earlier 2015. Admit it. You'd love to own an invisibility cloak. Utter an embarrassing faux pas at a party? Just throw on your magical garment and vanish from the snooty gaze of your fellow partygoers. Want to hear what your boss is really...
Words: 2297 - Pages: 10
...terror in each year when you did something else for a living. New York – the worlds busiest airspace The busiest airspace in the world is above New York. Around 7500 planes arrive and depart each day at new yorks three airports, John F. Kennedy , LaGuardia and Newark. The three airports form a triangle around Newyork and are just 15 miles from each other. This requires careful coordination of traffic patterns, approach and take-off routes, using predetermined corridors in the sky to keep the planes away from each others. If the wind changes, all three airports work together to change the flight paths. Sophisticated technology fitted to most of the bigger planes creates a safety zone around the aircaraft so that when two aircrafts get near to each other their computers negotiate which is going to take acation to avoid the other and then alert the pilot who changes course. Smaller aircraft, without radar, rely upon vision and the notion of ‘little plane big sky’. During the passage into or out of an airport, each plane will pass through the hands of about eight different controllers. The airspace is divided into sectors...
Words: 1105 - Pages: 5
...14, 2013 INTRODUCTION Recently in many areas of the State of Texas the speed limit has been changed. While some areas have remained at the 70 mph limit that many drivers have become accustom to, other areas have seen increases from 75 mph up to 85 mph. But, what effect does this have on drivers that travel between these areas with varying speed limits? This study is being conducted to determine what these changes in speed limits have on drivers. With the current speed limit of 70 mph, how fast do driver truly drive? And given the average speed it is the goal of this study to determine if drivers will increase their speeds proportionally in the new high speed zones. While there is much debate on the speed limits and the effects it has on drivers, this study will serve to provide an accurate study on whether or not driver actually pay any attention to the posted speed limits. In addition the driving habits of today’s driver will be examined in relation to posted speed limits on many of the Texas highways. ABSTRACT The Speed Zone Study will be conducted in an effort to better understand how the recent changes in the posted speed limit affect drivers on those highways. To better understand how these changes affect drivers this study will monitor traffic in areas with different speed limits. The goal is to determine if driver adhere to the posted speed limit or if drivers exceed the posted speed limit. If drivers exceed the posted speed limit that excess will be calculated...
Words: 1248 - Pages: 5
...fact, these people utilize a number of medical services. It is estimated that about 11.8% of person’s going to family care, in primary care settings, may have people with PTSD, but it’s not something that we think about and recognize in primary or specialty health care settings enough. It’s estimated that up to 50% of combat exposed military personnel have some form of PTSD. It occurs 2x as common in women, particularly because of the impact of sexual trauma on women. What is a trauma? Trauma can occur from: Witnessing or experiencing a traumatic event Trying to help someone with a traumatic event Rescue workers Clergy person Therapist The risk for developing PTSD varies depending on the severity and duration of the trauma and how the trauma was experienced by the person that was going through it. What are traumatic events? Natural disasters Automobile accidents Rape or sexual molestation – probably the #1 reason for PTSD symptoms in women Airplane crash Torture Physical assault Terrorist attack Robbery Unexpected death of a loved one Witnessing the death of another person – the most common cause of PTSD in males. Such as rescue...
Words: 3612 - Pages: 15
...Atmospheric Administration).” Not all thunderstorms will produce a tornado. Several factors and circumstances must be in place for the formation of a tornado to take place. Thunderstorms take place when moisture, unstable air masses, and lift are in the right place at the right time. A common misconception about tornadoes is that a tornado will form when "warm moist Gulf air meets cold Canadian air and dry air from the Rockies (Edwards)." Most thunderstorms will form under these conditions, but these conditions alone do not guarantee that a tornado will form. Even with the advanced technology available to meteorologists, much is still unknown about tornadoes, including why they form and what causes one storm to produce a tornado while another does not. All thunderstorms have air called an outflow that surrounds the entire storm system. While some tornadoes die when they become wrapped in this outflow air, the opposite may also occur in which a tornado is spawned as a result of outflow air conditions (Edwards). This unpredictability of tornadoes makes them very difficult for meteorologists to accurately forecast. A thunderstorm requires several ingredients to form: Moisture, unstable air, and lift. Moisture is required for cloud and rain formation. Unstable air is a warm air mass in the atmosphere that rises rapidly and provides lift which may be caused by warm or cold fronts, mountains or the sun’s heat (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). Thunderstorms complete a...
Words: 763 - Pages: 4
