...brook ambaw project 1: The use of electricity and magnetism in transportation Electricity is without out a doubt one of the greatest discoveries of human kind. We as human beings are forever in debt to Benjamin Franklin who discovered electricity. It is nearly impossible to imagine civilization without electricity. As anything in life, even if we literally use electricity for every aspect of our lives, it is easy to sometimes forget how much we are really depend on it for our survival in life. Electricity has been revolutionizing our our way of living since its inception. Now, when it comes to transportation by using electricity and magnetism, which is the focus of my essay, there is an exponential room to grow. In the near future, electricity and magnetism is going to revolutionize our transportation system radically. The most important issues facing our world in the future in regard to transportation is reducing the amount of emission caused by an ever increasing usage of transportation and our dependence on it. Not only emission is going to be the focal point of problems caused by transportation but also reducing the number of vehicles driven by people will be at the heart of our future struggles too. As historians and energy scientists noted dully, as societies advance more and more, they are going to use more concentrated forms of energy, for example, instead of gasoline they are going to use rocket fuel. In regard to transportation, cars are leading the way when...
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...along with that transportation has shifted from the reliable horse and buggy to planes, trains, and automobiles. After the invention of the motor vehicle we have never looked back when it comes to creating innovative new designs and creating more efficient automobiles. Planes and Trains have also made a leap in the past century forever changing the time it takes to travel places. In the present time period we have massive trains engines that can pull miles and miles of train cars. We have hybrid cars that average over 50 miles per gallon, and massive planes that can carry hundreds and hundreds of people around the globe in record timing. The question is how can we make these forms of travel more efficient and faster than they already are? Electricity and magnetism are already being used in transportation methods in the present time to a certain degree, but electricity and magnetism are going to be two of the most important factors used in creating the future of our transportation. Electric cars are no longer a thing of the past in today’s times. However, they are sparsely found due to high prices, and the lack of motivation to purchase one. Many people stray away from them because people think that they cannot travel very far distances on a charge. A type of car that is going to help lead consumers to purchase fully electric cars in future is the hybrid vehicle, which is a gasoline/electric car that uses gas power for the higher power is needed, and uses electricity when power is...
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...Jamie Sivertsen Physics 2 Instructor Eugine De Silva March 25, 2012 Project #1 The Use of Electricity and Magnetism in Future Transportation The dependence of our society on electricity is extremely obvious, but at the same time its easy to forget how dependent we actually are on it. Electricity plays a huge role in modern society that we do not even think about it. We take advantage of all the appliances at home and at the office, all the technologies we use to communicate, all heating, air-conditioning, lighting, and many modes of transportation that use electricity. But they would not if there was no electricity. Electricity plays a huge part in our everyday life and is going to change the future especially when it comes to transportation. The main idea of future of transportation is to reduce emissions and the amount of people in individual vehicles. A major concern is the use of our fossil fuels, and the damaging gasses that are released during the combustion of these fuels in our vehicles. Researchers for years have been coming up with ideas to reduce the carbon footprints of these things. Energy experts and historians of energy agree that as societies advance, they need more and more concentrated, intense forms of energy, like rocket fuel instead of gasoline. Transportation will be pollution-free and versatile. “of the several converging trends for getting around, “ultracapacitors” are being developed for electric cars to completely replace batteries...
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...discipline is important for its own sake. By providing a coherent, intelligible account of the past, it satisfies a profound human yearning for knowledge about our roots. It requires no justification other than that. ---T.S. Hamerow A man without knowledge with his prior is a man of no prospect. We have been this far where everything is almost high-end; from the food we eat, clothes we wear, the way we communicate and transport, and to the devices we exploit. Yet, how come we have been in here? We certainly owe it to our past. Our ancestors contributed much knowledge, skills, processes, and technology from their time, which we, descendants, adopt and adapt at these times for our sake and motives. Without these, we definitely were not able to make this far, e.g. magnetic levitation trains are not probably here without the knowledge brought to us by Michael Faraday, for his electromagnetic induction principle. Looking back to in different times is an utmost privilege to the extent that, one is able to know how that particular time contributes and plays a significant role to present and future. Moreover, one has the chance to reflect and evaluate what was that particular time all about and to consider the greatest innovation e.g. technology known to it. The economic phenomenon known as the Industrial Revolution is one of two fundamental transformations of the economic environment in human civilization (the other was the introduction of agriculture). Industrialization first...
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...Studying the Stars: How the Telescope Changed Astronomy As long as humans have been able to see, they have looked at the stars with either with worship or with wonder. The earliest cultures of humanity created their deities from the heavens, most of which were seating upon the glowing specks of light that show through the black night sky. Humans only have a few senses that let them interact with and receive information from the environment, sight being the most useful. Trying to figure out what something far away is, in a star’s case, far enough away to make a giant ball of burning helium look like a speck, is something that requires a tool. Telescopes were the first tool that really helped humans see into the heavens, letting them study the stars and the ‘wanderers’ which eventually were found out to be planets moving around the sun (although at the time they were discovered, it was thought that everything revolved around the earth); albeit all of these stars and planets were discovered before Galileo’s telescope. The tool still helped gain better calculations of the stars, which helped Galileo support Nicolaus Copernicus’ heliocentric (sun-centered) solar system as opposed to the geocentric (earth-centered) solar system that people in those times believed. With Isaac Newton, one of the most famous physicists, discovering most of laws of motion through his studies in astronomy, Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica, one of the greatest works in the Scientific Revolution...
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...A seminar on Study of working of magnetic levitation trains. By Shubham Sharma Guided by Sagar Shinde Department Of Mechanical Engineering Pad. Dr. Dy Patil Institute Of Engineering, Management And Research Pad. Dr. Dy Patil Institute Of Engineering, Management And Research CERTIFICATE This is to certify that Mr. Shubham Sharma has successfully completed the seminar work entitled “study of working of magnetic levitation trains” under my supervision, in partial fulfillment of bachelor of engineering – mechanical engineering, by university of pune. Date: Place: Guide: Mr. Sagar Shinde Mrs. Amruta Adwant Guide Head, MechanicalEngineering, DYPIEMR Principal, SEAL DYPIEMR AKNOWLEDGEMENT With immense pleasure I am presenting this seminar report on “Study of working of magnetic levitation trains” ...
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...Magnetic Levitation Emerging Technologies By Nick Presson Introduction Magnetic levitation has been around for years, but with advances in technology it may become a part of everyday life. The main emphasis for magnetic levitation is for transportation. Magnetically levitated ground transportation, or “Maglev”, is an advanced mode of surface high speed transportation whereby a vehicle gliding above a guideway is suspended, guided, and propelled by magnetic forces. Can you imagine a train that that actually floats in air 4 to 6 inches in the air and travels up to 300 mph. This technology can reduce air and highway congestion, air pollution, and petroleum use. Traditional Systems The transportation system in the United States has been much admired around the world. Our extensive highway and air systems have facilitated business and leisure travel and contributed to a high quality of life for many Americans. In 1990, 429 million passengers traveled 342 billion passenger miles on commercial airlines. Americans traveled 2 trillion passenger miles my car, truck, bus, and public transit, and 6.1 billion passenger miles on Amtrak. As population have grown and shifted, however, the traditional systems have become stressed. Congestion on highways and at airports, especially since September 11, not only wastes time and fuel increases, but also constrains mobility to the extent that economic...
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...including electrical engineering. Although the field of electronics had its most spectacular growth and development during the 20th century, it is actually the product of more than 200 years of study and experiment. One of the important early experimenters in this field was Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790). His experiments with lightning and his theory that electrical charges are present in all matter influenced the thinking and established much of the vocabulary of the researchers who came after him. The invention of the electric battery, or voltaic pile, by the Italian scientist Alessandro Volta (1745-1827) in 1800, ushered in a century of significant discoveries in the field of electricity and magnetism. Researchers working through-out Europe and the United States made important breakthroughs in how to strengthen, control, and measure the flow of electrons moving through vacuums. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, these experiments culminated in Sir Joseph John Thomson's (1892-1975) description and measurement of the particle now called the electron. During the early years of the 20th century, further discoveries along these lines were made by experimenters such as Lee De Forest (1873-1961) and Vladimir Zworykin (1889-1982). These discoveries led the way to developing equipment and techniques for long-distance broadcasting of radio...
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...------------------------------------------------- Electricity Lightning is one of the most dramatic effects of electricity. Electricity is a general term encompassing a variety of phenomena resulting from the presence and flow of electric charge. These include many easily recognizable phenomena, such as lightning, static electricity, and the flow of electrical current in an electrical wire. In addition, electricity encompasses less familiar concepts such as the electromagnetic field and electromagnetic induction. The word is from the New Latin ēlectricus, "amber-like"coined in the year 1600 from the Greek ήλεκτρον (electron) meaning amber(hardened plant resin), because static electricity effects were produced classically by rubbing amber. Usage In general usage, the word "electricity" adequately refers to a number of physical effects. In scientific usage, however, the term is vague, and these related, but distinct, concepts are better identified by more precise terms: * Electric charge: a property of some subatomic particles, which determines their electromagnetic interactions. Electrically charged matter is influenced by, and produces, electromagnetic fields. * Electric current: a movement or flow of electrically charged particles, typically measured in amperes. * Electric field: an influence produced by an electric charge on other charges in its vicinity. * Electric potential: the capacity of an electric field to do work on an electric charge, typically...
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...capable of speeds higher than any other ground-based transportation system. Maglev can provide this speed and compete directly with airline travel. As stated by American Maglev, "Maglev means magnetically levitated and propelled vehicles. The advantage of maglev is that it can achieve very high speed and acceleration/deceleration performance because the vehicles essentially "fly" at very low altitudes - unlike trains or cars; there is no surface contact or "friction" to slow them down. More speed = more passengers." Only when we have real revenue-producing systems in operation will be able to prove whether this is true or not. In Maglev—which is short for MAGNETIC LEVITATION—high speed vehicles are lifted by magnetic repulsion, and propelled along an elevated guide way by powerful magnets attached to the vehicle. The vehicles do not physically contact the guide way, do not need engines, and do not burn fuel. Instead, they are magnetically propelled by electric power fed to coils located on the guide way. Indeed this is the beginning of the trans- rapid transportation that the human race would view out in the coming centuries. It’s not only just about trains but also the future of high speed trains which would compete with airplanes rather enhancing the leisure part of the whole human race. INTRODUCTION : Magnetic levitation transportation is poised as the next generation of high-speed travel...
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...The Industrial Revolution began in the second half of 18th century and had an everlasting effect on Europe, and the rest of the world. It caused major changes in agriculture, manufacturing, mining, transport and technology. Eventually, socioeconomic and cultural conditions began to change in Britain, which then spread throughout Europe, then eventually the world. These changes made Europe and the rest of the world more modern. Proof of this can be seen in more efficient trade & transport and mass production that were a product of Industrial Revolution. This essay will seek to demonstrate the most significant effect these two components had on modernity and how they shaped Europe, and the rest of the world. The time period covered by the Industrial Revolution varies according to Historians, but according to Eric Hobsbawm, it started in Britain in the 1780s and fulfilled its potential in the 1830s or 1840. Some important effects of these two components comprise of, but are not limited to include: technological and chemical innovations, improved trade, transportation and increase in wealth etc. Almost all aspects of daily life were influenced in some way by the Industrial Revolution; hence it marks a major turning point in human history. Industrial Revolution was an achievement of sustained economic growth that began the industrialization of the European economy. Growth did not reach a plateau in Britain as it did in other countries in Europe. Depressions and recessions...
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...INTRODUCTION MAGNETIC LEVITATION TRASPORT, OR MAGLEV, IS A FORM OF TRANSPORTATION THAT SUSPENDS, GUIDES AND PROPELS VEHICLES VIA ELECTROMAGNETIC FORCE Air flights are and will remain beyond the reach of a major section of society, particularly in India. Moreover there are problems of wastage of time in air traffic delays and 2 growing safety concerns. Trends in increased mobility of large masses with changing lifestyle for more comfort are leading to congestion on roads with automobiles. Besides, increasing pollution levels from automobiles, depleting fuel resources, critical dependence on the fuel import and due to a limited range of mobility of buses and cars the need for fast and reliable transportation is increasing throughout the world. High-speed rail has been the solution for many countries. Trains are fast, comfortable, and energy-efficient and magnetic levitation may be an even better solution.Development of magnetic levitated transport systems is under progress in developed countries and it is just a matter of time they make inroads to India as well. Therefore, it will be interesting to know about the science and technology behind mass ground transport system known as "magnetic flight". A LITTLE HISTORY In 1922 a German engineer named Hermann Kemper recorded his first ideas for an electromagnetic levitation train. He received a patent in 1934 and one year later demonstrated the first functioning...
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... | |USA units |Foot(ft) |Pounds(lbs) |kWh |hp | |Metric |Meter(m) |Newton(N)kg*m/s2 |Joules |J/s(watt) | *kWh —— kilowatt hour hp —— horsepower 33,000 ft*lbs/min = 745 J/s = 746 W —— 1 hp Power —— the rate at which works is ? Mechanical —— relates to the movement of an objects or its position is gravity Sound —— relates to the repetitive compression and rarefaction of molecules in a substance Chemical —— relates to energy stored in the bonds between atoms in a molecule Electrical —— relates to the movement or flow of electrons Light —— relates to on electric change or magnetic field that produce electromagnetic waves Heat —— relates to the motion of particles, atoms or molecules in a substance Nuclear —— relates to the potential energy stored in bonds between particles in the nucleus of an atom Conservation of energy Energy cannot be created or destroyed, if only changer forms Class 2 10 Sources of Energy |Renewable |Non Renewable | |Biomass 4% |Coal 20% | |Solar 0.1% |Crude oil...
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....INTRODUCTION Magnetic levitation is the latest in transportation technology and has been the interest of many countries around the world. The idea has been around since 1904 when Robert Goddard, an American Rocket scientist, created a theory that trains could be lifted off the tracks by the use of electromagnetic rails. Many assumptions and ideas were brought about throughout the following years, but it was not until the 1970’s that Japan and Germany showed interest in it and began researching and designing. The motion of the Maglev train is based purely on magnetism and magnetic fields. This magnetic field is produced by using high-powered electromagnets. By using magnetic fields, the Maglev train can be levitated above its track, or guideway, and propelled forward. Wheels, contact with the track, and moving parts are eliminated on the Maglev train, allowing the Maglev train to essentially move on air without friction. [pic] FIGURE[1] BASIC PRINCIPLE OF MAGLEV TRAIN Maglev can be used for both low and high speed transportation. The low speed Maglev is used for short distance travel. Birmingham, England used this low speed transportation between the years of 1984 and 1995. However, engineers are more interested in creating the high-speed Maglev vehicles. The higher speed vehicle can travel at speeds of nearly 343mph or 552 km/h. Magnetic Levitation mainly uses two different types of suspension, which are Electromagnetic...
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...principle of electromagnetic effect. In this there is no friction between the train and track. The electromagnet on the underside of train pulls it up to the ferromagnetic stator on the track & levitates the train. The magnet on the side keeps the train from side to side. A computer changes the amount of current to keep the train 1 cm from the track. This means there is no friction between track & train. As it is high speed train compare to other types of train also noise level due to this train very less & energy consume is less, it is very convenient & beneficial to use. CHAPTER 1:-INTRODUCTION 1.1 History:- Magnetic levitation is the latest in transportation technology and has been the interest of many countries around the world. The idea has been around since 1904 when Robert Goddard, an American Rocket scientist, created a theory that trains could be lifted off the tracks by the use of electromagnetic rails. Many assumptions and ideas were brought about throughout the following years, but it was not until the 1970 that Japan and Germany showed interest in it and began researching and designing. 1.2 Concept:- The motion of the Maglev train is based purely on magnetism and magnetic fields. This magnetic field is...
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