...Social Problems Presentation Review Racial and Ethnic Inequality Chapter 3 Summary: Racial and ethnic inequality is a social problem because it affects such a large number of people around the world. One way this can be seen is through prejudice which categories people based on age, sex, and social class. These can be good and bad. Institutional racism is a big deal today. Some companies will not hire a person simply because of their color or their sex. Another way to say this is racial discrimination which lets race or color impact a person’s ability to get a job. People like to think this doesn’t really happen when the harsh reality is that it happens all the time. Laws have been made to try and prevent this from happening but companies still practice it. Groups like the EEOC (equal employment opportunity commission) were created to enforce laws against discrimination in the work place. Some things we can do to change this is to look at person for their work ethic and quality and ignore the color of their skin or whether they are male or female. Through history we have tried to make everyone have the same standing in society which is called pluralism. We would take groups and “Americanize” them; you can see this in what we did to the Native Americans. Also we have segregated groups some by force, like the Jim Crow laws in the south, but others are by choice like the groups of the Amish. Reaction: In my life I have seen this happen on the news and in newspapers multiple...
Words: 2443 - Pages: 10
...healthcare outcomes and access. This essay will explore the complicated link between healthcare disparities and how factors such as socioeconomic status, race, location, and differences in cultures affect health outcomes and unequal access to medical treatment. This essay does this by drawing on the information offered by numerous studies. It will address the root causes of healthcare inequality...
Words: 2243 - Pages: 9
...levels. In other words it is the hierarchical arrangement of social classes within a society. An example would be the Hindu caste system, where different castes have different levels of status depending on their supposed degree of religious purity. Social Stratification is patterned social inequality, by saying that inequality is patterned indicates that differences occur on a wide-scale, with regularity and along the lines of certain specific, identifiable characteristics. For example race, class or gender. And it is also the unequal distribution of societal resources. Stratification is based on three major premises; power, prestige and property. Power which refers to the ability to impose one’s will on others. Prestige, the respect given to others and then there is Property which is the different forms of wealth. There are four fundamental principles of Social Stratification. The first is Social Stratification is a characteristic of society not just due to individual differences. Secondly, It persists over generations. Thirdly, Social Stratification is universal but variable; it changes. And finally, Social Stratification involves both inequality and beliefs. In Sociology, it is expressed that there are two major approaches to the study of Social Stratification: Functionalism and Conflict Theory....
Words: 1346 - Pages: 6
...from a high poverty rating, and a huge wage gap between the social classes. Rich people literally are getting richer while the poor are facing more problems and disasters as time goes by. Many questions remain unanswered: What are the reasons behind poverty in the Middle East? Why do rich people get richer while the poor get poorer? How do the rich people benefit from the current situation? How laws are fixed to protect only the rich? Are governments involved in these acts? Poverty rate in MENA has been slightly declining since 1990 to 2005, 17 percent of the region's population live below $2/day in 2005. The region faces various challenges in poverty reduction, such as the persistency of poverty, as poverty in this region is impacted by a hasty economic growth, which is above 2 percent per capita. This is a result of the nature of poverty, which is concentrated on groups that benefit the last ones from that economic growth: the uneducated, rural residents, families with a lot of members. Another challenge the region is facing is the increasing inequality, which is increasing steadily. Which has serious implications for reducing poverty. Inequality is experienced during economic recessions, and even after periods of turmoil, due to unequal distribution of wealth from the economic growth. Gender also resembles a challenge for poverty reduction in MENA, by having a low rate of women employment in the region, around 25 percent on average. Which would be a huge loss...
Words: 2553 - Pages: 11
...Lien Centre for Social Innovation Social Insight Research Series Inequality, Poverty and Unmet Social Needs in Singapore A Handbook on A Handbook on Inequality, Poverty and Unmet Social Needs in Singapore Lien Centre for Social Innovation CATHERINE J. SMITH (Additional research and writing by John Donaldson, Sanushka Mudaliar, Mumtaz Md Kadir and Yeoh Lam Keong) As this handbook is intended to provide an overview of the arguments of others, the role of the authors largely consisted of compiling, arranging, and contextualizing. Further, the ideas expressed herein, which are various and often contradictory, do not necessarily represent the views of the handbook’s authors, or of the staff and Board of the Lien Centre for Social Innovation. Copyright © March, 2015 by Lien Centre for Social Innovation. All rights reserved. Published by the Lien Centre for Social Innovation Singapore Management University, Administration Building, 81 Victoria Street, Singapore 188065 www.lcsi.smu.edu.sg No part nor entirety of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, or stored in any retrieval system of any nature without the prior written permission of the Lien Centre. Readers should be aware that internet websites offered as citations and/ or sources for further information may have changed or disappeared between the time this was written and when it was read. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and authors...
Words: 30222 - Pages: 121
...economy; resolving the great American dilemma of race; restoring a civil society and strengthening the social ties that foster a sense of community; finding America’s proper role in the post-Cold War world; and rethinking the size, shape, and mission of government in an Information Age. The Foundation explores public controversies over cultural questions—race, ethnicity, gender, religion, morality, and civic education—that are often ignored in conventional political discourse. The Foundation’s Project on Tax Reform and Economic Growth works to develop a tax reform program that is consistent with a progressive distribution of the tax burden, and can help promote stronger job and business formation, greater productivity, and higher family incomes. This report is the first of two new reports outlining the essential features of such a tax reform program. The preface contains more information about the four previous reports produced by this project. To order previous reports or additional copies of this report, please call the Foundation at (202) 546-4482. They are also available on the World Wide Web at http:/ /www.dlcppi.org/economic.htm. The Foundation is a nonpartisan research and educational foundation associated with the Democratic Leadership Council and the...
Words: 21742 - Pages: 87
...Contemporary Theories Summary of Solow model * Convergence because high returns to capital at low levels of capital * When capital stock is low, huge positive returns to capital but this is not true at very high levels of capital. * Less and less returns at high level of capital * Growth comes naturally from perfect competitive markets * There is no need to do anything. If you are on the left hand side of k*, the economy will grow. * True only for perfect competitive markets meaning * If needed human capital is available at any scale and quantity (no role for human capital in the Solow model though because we always divide everything by population) * There is a possibility of technology transfer * Government provides essential services * No need for development policy * Because again a country grows naturally if it’s on the left of k* and all countries converge to the same point But no evidence of convergence * Regressions: yes, but shaky * There was evidence of regressions, initial wealth was negatively related to GDP growth but we saw that the regressions were subject to many problems like OVB, reverse causality * Historical growth 1960-1990 * World: 1.7% (double after 43 years) * East Asia: 3.3% (double after 23 years) * South Asia: 1.9% (double after 38 years) * Sub-Saharan Africa: 0.2% (double after 348 years) Difference between OECD and rest of the world: * Convergence...
Words: 1900 - Pages: 8
...See information on website for revisions to key tables and graphs Contact Bryan Perry at bryan.perry001@msd.govt.nz for further information Household incomes in New Zealand: Trends in indicators of inequality and hardship 1982 to 2012 Prepared by Bryan Perry Ministry of Social Development Wellington July 2013 ISBN 978-0-478-33569-9 (Print) ISBN 978-0-478-33570-5 (Online) Changes since last report • The report is updated with findings based on the 2011-12 Household Economic Survey (referred to as the 2012 HES). • Information on poverty rates by highest household educational qualification has been added. • The international comparisons are updated with the latest available data (usually 2010 or 2011), and expanded to include the share ratio for the top decile compared with the bottom decile plus more detail on the income share of those receiving high or very high incomes. • A special section is included which upgrades and updates the New Zealand information in a recent OECD report on the impact of the Global Financial Crisis on household incomes across OECD countries. • The material hardship section (Section K) has been strengthened. Next report • The next report is scheduled for mid 2014 based on the 2012-13 HES. (The timing is dependent on the availability of the HES data.) Availability on MSD website • This report and previous ones are available on the MSD website: ...
Words: 7234 - Pages: 29
... Please note all rights held by the former Higher Still Development Unit continue to be held by Learning and Teaching Scotland. Contents Statement of Standards 3 Guide to Learning and Teaching Pack 7 Introduction to the Unit and Learning and Teaching Approaches 8 Class stratification 9 Recommended reading and recommended websites for class stratification 10 Introduction to social stratification 11 Class stratification 15 Functionalist theory of class stratification 24 Summary of functionalism 29 Marxist theory of class stratification 33 Summary of Marxism 39 Weberian theory of class stratification 42 Summary of Weberianism 47 Aspect: social mobility 50 Aspect: social closure 52 Practice exam essay question...
Words: 19327 - Pages: 78
...ability and achievement play an important role in a person’s position in the stratification hierarchy, it is also a function of the social organization one operates under. As an example, children who are born into a wealthy family are more likely to enjoy good health, do well in school, succeed in a career, and live a long life.Second, Social Stratification persists over generations. We can see that stratification influences society by observing how parents pass along their social position to their children. Social mobility, a change in one’s position in the social hierarchy, is a product of a high-income society, but it is constrained by the social stratification processes. In America we celebrate the achievements of individuals who come from humble beginnings and obtain a higher social position. People generally move horizontally and remain at the same social position throughout their lives. Third, Social stratification is universal but variable. Stratification is established in all societies, but the extent of social inequality and other criteria in a given...
Words: 4206 - Pages: 17
...development of a nation. The difference between growth and development too has become clearer. In spite of fast paced economic growth for last 10-20 years, a large part of our population remains illiterate. A large part of our population does not have the access to safe drinking water and proper medical care. Highest number of malnourished children belongs to our nation. These are some of the bitter realities which GDP growth based measurement never reflects. All these facts suggest the need of a more holistic approach to measure the development and growth. Human Development Index (HDI) is the best available choice to measure the development. It measures the development on the basis of income, education, and life expectancy at birth. It encompasses many aspects of development rather than just income and hence offers better insight to the development. This report proposes to use Human...
Words: 3322 - Pages: 14
...The impact of early education as a strategy in countering socio-economic disadvantage Research paper for Ofsted’s ‘Access and achievement in education 2013 review’ Professor Chris Pascal and Professor Tony Bertram UK Research Team: Sean Delaney, Selma Manjee, Marjory Perkins and Manja Plehn International Research Team: Alice Bennett, Carol Nelson, Sarina Razzak and Maureen Saunders Centre for Research in Early Childhood (CREC) © Centre for Research in Early Childhood (CREC) 2013 The views expressed in this report are the authors’ and do not necessarily reflect those of Ofsted. Any enquiries regarding this publication should be sent to Elizabeth Boulton at publishing@ofsted.gov.uk or Aviation House, 125 Kingsway, London WC2 6SE This publication is available at www.ofsted.gov.uk/accessandachievement. No. 130155-RR-005 In June 2012, Sir Michael Wilshaw, HMCI, stated his determination to address the issue of narrowing the gap of educational achievement between disadvantaged pupils and others. To support this intention, The Centre for Research in Early Childhood has been commissioned by OfSTED to conduct a review looking at the impact of Early Childhood Education (ECE) initiatives to combat social and economic disadvantage, both in the UK and internationally. This paper: Examines the impact of nati...
Words: 16875 - Pages: 68
... | Summary This paper focuses on the International Labour Organization (ILO) responsible for drawing up and overseeing international labour standards. History of international labour standards The International Labour Organization (ILO) was founded in 1919 as part of the Treaty of Versailles that ended World War I. the ILO was created as a branch of the League of Nations order to address all conceivable aspects of labour rights. Preliminary efforts focused primarily on the eradication of slavery and all forms of forced labour. The Constitution was drafted between January and April, 1919, by the Labour Commission set up by the Peace Conference, which first met in Paris and then in Versailles. Since 1919, the International Labour Organization has maintained and developed a system of international labour standards aimed at promoting opportunities for women and men to obtain decent and productive work, in conditions of freedom, equity, security and dignity. In today's globalized economy, international labour standards are essential components in the international framework for ensuring that the growth of the global economy provides benefits to all. Are labour standards feasible? Globalization has created opportunities and benefits for many around the world. However, workers and employers still face challenges. Inequality, poor work place policies and cultural differences are part of those challenges. Also, the continued development of global economy created income gap between...
Words: 807 - Pages: 4
...Case Study on Board Quotas Prepared By- Md. Rokib Chowdhury (Id: 3-15-30-036) Md. Ifteakhar Alam (Id: 3-15-29-087) Biplab Vattacharjee (Id: 3-15-30-063) Md. Mosfiqur Rahman (Id: 3-15-30-062) Submitted to- Prof.Dr. Md. Abbas Ali Khan University of Dhaka Contents page no Summary …………………………. 3 Ques no1 …………………………. 4 Ques No2 …………………………. 7 Fig 1 ………………………….. 7 Fig 2 …………………………… 9 Ques no3 …………………………….. 9 Fig 3 ………………………………… 13 Ques no 4 ………………………………… 14 Summary Board Quotas for women is important for the participation of women in the workforce. In United States quotas for women is only 15%. Among 100 large companies in Britain quotas for woman is only 12%. In EU the Quotas contains only 9.7%, In India and China 5%. In this underrepresentation of quotas for women many countries make compulsory quotas for women on Boards. Question no: 1 Given that women participate in the labor force in roughly the same proportion as men, why do you think women occupy so few seats on boards of directors? Women are well established in professions like...
Words: 3732 - Pages: 15
...I. Attention Getter: Students across the United States stand by their mailboxes, or in modern days, constantly hit the refresh button, anxiously waiting for the score that will seal their academic fate. II. Connection to Audience: Raise your hand if you ever took the ACT and/or SAT? Everyone in here should have because most colleges require either or in order to be accepted and admitted into the school, including Mizzou. I myself took the ACT three times (credibility). Therefore, we have all experienced the heavy amount of pressure, the nerve-racking time limits, and the “oh my gosh I only have more five minutes but two whole columns left to bubble” feeling. But most importantly, we all understand how much college admission hinges on how well we perform on these standardized tests. III. Thesis Statement and Preview: However, standardized testing has long-standing problems of inaccuracy, inequalities, and inducing test anxiety which I will later discuss in detail. Because of these flaws, the college...
Words: 1294 - Pages: 6