...contributed to the emergence of a market for private prisons in the U.S.? Discuss the relationship between politics, ideology, and private prisons. How can policy makers optimize the use of private prisons in the criminal justice system? Private jails, prisons and other type of correctional centers have an elongated history in the United States. This goes as far back as 1852 when San Quentin, which is currently state owned, was the first for-profit prison in the in the United States. A more recent reappearance in private prisons came in the wake of wide-spread privatization that took place during the 1980s. Prior to this, only some facets of prison management had been privatized, but overall management had still been held by federal and state authorities. Currently there are over 150 private jails, prisons and detention centers in the U.S. In combination with an overall privatization push by President Reagan, prison populations escalated during the "war on drugs" and prison overcrowding and rising costs became a controversial political issue. Private business stepped in to offer a resolution which resulted in the era of privately run prisons. Privately run prisons pledged increased business-like efficiency, which would result in cost savings and an overall reduction in the amount the government would have to spend on the prison system while still providing the same service. It was also hypothesized that privately run prisons would be held more accountable, because they could...
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...Development Paper Donnita Cleveland CJA 464- October 14, 2015 Harry Kirk Policy Development Paper Prison overcrowding has been a major problem in this country for the last 20 years. This problem stemmed from many different causes or reasons. The fundamental breakdown of the correctional system as a whole has contributed to this problem. This has caused havoc within our system in many different ways especially from a financial standpoint. It cost a tremendous amount of money to house prisoners, and death row inmate’s cost of incarceration is astronomically high. As this paper goes along we will look at some of the reasons as to why our prisons are overcrowded, and how we might be able to remedy the situation. Prison overcrowding has become an issue in just about every state in the country, and especially in California, New York, and Texas. In 1980 there were states that a tougher outlook on crime which in turn resulted in several new policies that were adopted. California adopted, and enforced the three-strike policy, and New York implemented the broken window policy. According to Jerome Mullins,” the three strike law has significantly increased the overcrowding of prisons” (Mullins, 2005). This policy increases the prison sentence for those already serving time although it also prevents a person previously convicted from receiving any punishment other prison time. California had major impacts due to this law from the onset, and in less than a year major implications...
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...Models of American Prison A prison is in place to confine and deprive people from their basic freedoms. A prison is an institution that is part of the criminal justice system that is imposed for the conviction of a crime. A criminal that is charged or going to be charged will be held in a prison if unable to come up with the money for bail. A criminal defendant is also placed in a prison if they are found guilty of a crime (Americanprisonsystem.com, 2009). Throughout this paper the history of a prison, the Penitentiary Rivalry between Pennsylvania and New York and the effect these have had on the prison system we have in place today. The American prison system has been in place since the late 18th century. “Bridewells” were the first prisons and they were found in England. These prisons had very little to do with any form of punishment and were mainly used as holding cells for those facing a trial or those about to be executed, or those being banished from their community. The Walnut Street jail was the first penitentiary to be opened by the state of Pennsylvania in 1790.This particular jail was ran on the ideal that silence from the inmates would encourage them to think about their crime and then their conscience would lead them to repent for their crimes (Gaines & Miller, 2009). Being isolated from one another and being kept busy with different tasks was how the inmates lived. The prison eventually began to experience the same problems that the prisons in today’s society...
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...What: In the 19th century the big question that this reform movement was all about was “Are these criminals to be treated like criminals or like human beings.” Another big problem was that prisons were used as punishment for serious crimes but legislatures wouldn’t supply the prisons with the money to run them. Since they didn’t have the money to fund these prisons they couldn’t have large amounts of inmates which they did in the 19th century so instead of holding them they rehabilitate them. Since there were so many prisoners prisons had chaos and the guards were forced to use torture to keep the inmates in line. (A) WHo: Dorothea Dix had a big impact on the prison reform movement. She helped inmates who were mentally ill in the US. She believed that the prisoners were being mistreated and deserved better treatment than they were...
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...The Prison System Robert B. Weight II CJS/200 January 19, 2011 Ronald Rucker Even though the system has worked for 220 years, the American prison system is in danger of complete failure on its current course of development because overcrowding, low budgets, and changes in public sentiment are quickly placing the penitentiary system in an inoperable state. The evolution of the current prison system in the United States has had many subtle changes that have lead to the current crisis, but the system has been set up to fail since the beginning. There have been supporters and opponents to the prison system. There have been social movements that have created major adaptations in society’s idea of how prisons and prisoners should be handled. In the end, society faces the issue of not being able to sustain current sentencing practices and maintain the prisons through the increasing prison populations. (Norman Johnston, 2010) In 1790 sweeping reform went through Pennsylvania to change the jail system. Benjamin Franklin and Benjamin Rush led the effort to change the old and corrupt ways of the penal system (Norman Johnston, 2010). The first prison was built in 1790 as a wing of the Walnut Street Jail in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Gaines, 2006). This prison operated on the premise that crime was caused by idleness, so the best method of treatment for a criminal was silence and isolation to force reflection on the criminal’s wrong doings and work...
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...Policy Development CJA/464 Policy Development Prison overcrowding has been a major problem in this country for the last 20 years. This problem stemmed from many different causes or reasons. The fundamental breakdown of the correctional system as a whole has contributed to this problem. This has caused havoc within our system in many different ways especially from a financial standpoint. It cost a tremendous amount of money to house prisoners, and death row inmate’s cost of incarceration is astronomically high. As this paper goes along we will look at some of the reasons as to why our prisons are overcrowded, and how we might be able to remedy the situation. Prison overcrowding has become an issue in just about every state in the country, and especially in California, New York, and Texas. In 1980 there were states that a tougher outlook on crime which in turn resulted in several new policies that were adopted. California adopted, and enforced the three-strike policy, and New York implemented the broken window policy. According to Jerome Mullins,” the three strike law has significantly increased the overcrowding of prisons” (Mullins, 2005). This policy increases the prison sentence for those already serving time although it also prevents a person previously convicted from receiving any punishment other prison time. California had major impacts due to this law from the onset, and in less than a year major implications begin to surface. After a mere six months there were over...
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...feasibility analysis should be performed, and detailed system design documents and implementation plans need to be developed. Post-system review should be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the new system at enabling ASI's goals. B. CURRENT SITUATION APEX Services Inc. is a business in the midst of change. Your company has succeeded in managing 29 group homes, but is now expanding into a new market, with plans for rapid growth in the prison management sector. The recommendations I make will be both to meet the company's information system needs in both the short term, and the long term. The long term goal of ASI is to gain a competitive advantage over business rivals, and thereby grow market share and profitability. For ASI, the way to achieve that goal is to develop agile information systems that can rapidly adapt to novel operating environments, as well as fluidly scale to meet the needs of additional contracts. Each managed site will have unique requirements, and ASI's information systems must be able to meet the requirements of each site in a timely, cost-effective fashion. ASI's goals are best served by Proposal 2's client/server model. This model has superior efficiency compared to Proposal 1's centralized design, balancing the information processing between the client and server hardware, thereby yielding savings on hardware costs. Furthermore, servers can be added as necessary to accommodate special functions required by individual prison sites, or as required...
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...Privatization of Prisons Private Prison, Inc. Introduction America has been getting tougher on lawbreakers. This is something that the public long has been demanding. The problem it creates, however, is a shortage of prison capacity to hold the increased numbers of convicted criminals. This has led to: prison overcrowding, sometimes prompting court actions against penal systems; rapidly rising operational outlays; and taxpayer resistance to the cost of new prisons. A partial answer to the problems of prison overcrowding and high costs may be the "privatization" of prisons. Costs and overcrowding problems are the driving force behind the privatization phenomenon. As a national average, it costs roughly $20,000 per year to keep an inmate in prison. There are approximately 650,000 inmates in state and local prisons. This costs taxpayers an estimated $18 billion each year. More than two thirds of the states are facing serious overcrowding problems, and many are operating at least 50 percent over capacity. Cost comparisons between private and government operation of prisons show frequent cost savings under private management. While the national average cost to hold a prisoner in a government run prison is $40 per inmate a day, many privately run prisons charge the governments on average lower fees. U.S. Corrections Corporation (USCC), a private company headquartered in Louisville charges Kentucky charges a daily fee of $25 per inmate. In their first year of operation in...
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...SuperMax Prison Michele Fuentes Ms. Calais November 7, 2012 Westwood College Week 4 Assignment CJRS 121 SuperMax prisons are lacking of personnel and super security according to the article “SuperMax Prison is Super Lax, Court Case Allege” from Drew Griffin and James Polk. These high profile dangerous criminals are still able to communicate with the world and run illegal activity from prisons. This does not make sense. How can a high security institution allow this to happen? Even if they don’t know of the matter, they are still serving time in the SuperMax security, which means top of the line-supervised institute. If illegal activity is happening outside in society and the orders/shots are being called from inside the institute, then the way of monitoring and supervising the inmates needs to change to isolate them form society. Ruben “Night Owl” Castro was accused of running illegal activities form his SuperMax cell. Castro was relaying messages in various ways like coded letters, phone calls, and though his girlfriends whom will go visit him and help send out his messages. A change that can be done to prevent Castro to do this is isolate him from society. He is in a SuperMax because he broke the law and committed a serous crime. He shouldn’t be allowed to have any visitors. He is in prison to isolate him from society, that time of isolation means no visitors, letters, phone calls, nor contact with any human besides the prison guards. This should apply to an inmate...
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...Worksheet Complete the worksheet by writing short responses to the questions in each row. |How would you differentiate male and female |Male and female prisoners are different, and their different in many ways. Generally a| |prisoner backgrounds? Is there a better |female inmate looks to other inmates as her friends, and or family. Females also tend | |solution to prisoner background |to worry more about the people on the outside, like their children, whereas men | |classification? Explain. |generally only think about their selves and their safety. Personally I believe that a | | |better solution to prisoner background classification could be done a continuous | | |investigation. Normally once an inmate gets a classification it sticks with him/her | | |throughout their prison term. I believe an inmate’s classification should be reviewed | | |and possibly changed once a year. | |How do state and federal prisoners differ? |The biggest differences between state and federal prisons is the inmates, their | |What issues affect state versus federal |crimes, and the type of facility there in, state prisoners are in prison for crimes | |prisoners? |they committed against the state...
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...Associate Level Material Appendix A Prisoners Worksheet Complete the worksheet by writing short responses to the questions in each row. |How would you differentiate male and female |I tend to see female prisoners and male prisoners different. I see more that makes | |prisoner backgrounds? Is there a better |tend to join other males or gangs in order to protect themselves against other males | |solution to prisoner background |or gangs. A sign of dominance and to mark their territory inside the confines. They | |classification? Explain. |believe that this will help to ensure that while they are within these walls no one | | |will dare mess with them otherwise there will be consequences. I see women that may | | |have more of a social acquaintances with others. They may have small groups of friends| | |but I see it more a as high school setting, some are easy to get along with while | | |others will act like bullies and try to push there will’s and their way’s on others to| | |get their wants met. I also believe that while males are incarcerated they are more | | |focused on the happenings within the facility and the females are still more focused | | ...
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...offenders a second chance to redeem what they have done wrong in their communities. Community corrections vary from city to city and state to state. According to the textbook” community corrections were originally decentralized under the control of the local courts”. (Foster, Burke 2006). Currently community based alternatives to prison are either state run programs, or county run programs subsidized by the state. Community corrections affect society in a number of ways. There are many positive and negative effects to community corrections. An example of a positive affect is that probation cuts down on the cost of running the state prisons and county jails. In return it would save the tax payers hundreds of thousands of dollars because the tax payers would not have to pay to feed and house the individuals if they were sentenced to prison or jail. My hypothesis about community corrections and their overall effectiveness within the correctional system would be that they have the ability to help and hurt society. I think as far as probation and parole it’s a great opportunity for juveniles to have a second chance for a bad decision they maid. I feel most adults should have a good concept of right and wrong. So I lean toward not thinking community corrections is a great...
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...| Penitentiary Ideal and Models of American Prisons | Rekita Williams | | CJS/230 | 9/18/2011 | Jean M. O’Gallagher | The American prison system was divided amongst two different types: Eastern State and Auburn. Both prisons were run in very different manors and my intentions are to explain each prison and the goals that they had in mind. The penitentiary was designed to be a place where punishment would be given in a humane way to people who had committed a crime. People who were incarcerated could receive rehabilitation as well as gain spiritual improvement while serving their sentence. The prisons should be a place where an individual would do their time as well as reflect on the events that led them to incarceration and make a choice to change their life around. Prisons were not made to be a comfortable living space so punishments and confinement should be expected. In the Eastern State penitentiary the punishments were considered to be extremely mild compared to other prisons. Later the punishments in the Eastern State prisons soon became harsher and almost inhumane due to the prisoners consistent misbehaving. Lashings were the first punishments inflicted then things like iron gags, water baths, and strait jackets were used to inflict punishment upon inmates. This type of prison was able to hold around 250 total prisoners based on its design. The design of the building was made so that the prisoners would be under continuous...
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...sources of reclamation in prison and the choice of parole supported reclamation. Captive reclamation, parole, probation, and community disciplines will be outlined along with talking about how captive reclamation strike prisons also as how it bears on general society. Additional subjects to deal include the how parole is dissimilar from obligatory release, how probation equivalences to other cast of condemning, and how community disciplines bear on society. The author will recommend betterments to captive reclamation, suggest a finer resolution to the ongoing probation and parole systems, and make a conjecture about the overall efficiency of community corrections. The final step implies describing prison systems in foreign nations, accosting how other states see captivity and put it into use, and ascertaining what would take place if the U.S. prison system adopted another state's prison system. Prisoner Rehabilitation Prisoner reclamation involves particular programs that assist make a captive a ameliorate individual with the purpose of ceasing their felonious behavior. Reclamation in prisons comprises of educating captives, instructing them vocational skills, providing spiritual and extra activities, and providing therapy. These programs assist captives amend themselves and hopefully put a finish to their felonious behavior. Captive reclamation bears upon prisons as the prisons have to provide the programs essential to better the captives. Prisons target to find the correct...
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...State and Federal Prison Systems Leslie Cable 4/12/2013 CJS/230 Larry Doyle State prisons hold people who are arrested by local police and sheriff departments. Federal prisons hold people who are arrested by the federal bureau of investigations (FBI). The state and federal prisons have security levels for every type of prisoners. State prisons are run by the department of corrections while the federal prisons are run by the justice department. “The Federal Bureau of Prisons was created by an act of Congress and signed into law by President Herbert Hoover on May 14, 1930,” (Foster, 2006, Pg. 134). State prisons have more inmates than they do staff while federal prisons have more staff than they do prisoners. An example of a state prison is San Quentin state prison in California. San Quentin was opened in the 1850s and housed both men and women prisoners. In 1933, the women’s prison at Tehachapi was built. Tehachapi was shut down after an earthquake hit it in July 1952 then it was reopened as a men’s prison three years later. “Despite periodic schemes to shut it down – “the prison that would not die” – San Quentin held nearly 6,000 inmates in 2003,” (Foster, 2006, Pg. 127). The only way I could explain the growth of state prisons is that more people are arrested for crimes than ever before. People are committing more crimes than he is or she is used to and then are sentenced to prison time. More people are arrested for drug related...
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