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How Socio-Psychological Motivations Can Be Satisfied in Japan

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Executive Summary

Travelling is some sort of way that people do to enjoy, relax and forget about all their problems for a while. It is some kind of serenity. To become a tourist, a person must have the time and money in order to travel and touristic leisure is often more expensive as compared to other type of leisure. Besides that, travellers travel to different places and countries in order to satisfy their socio-psychological motivations. Based on Richardson & Fluker (2008), other than perception, learning, beliefs and attitudes, motivations is also one of the most critical psychological variables in deciding the travelling destination as it is the influential force for all the behavior.

There is also the push and pull factors and form of tourism that affects the likeliness of a person to travel. Push factor can be of socio-psychological in nature and the motivations that are linked to the socio-psychological state are escape, relaxation, play, strengthening family bonds, prestige, social interaction, romance, educational opportunity, self-fulfillment and wish-fulfillment. Japan is chosen as the travelling destination. There are many ways to satisfy the ten socio-psychological motivations stated when visiting Japan such as by relaxing at their famous hot springs, enjoy their cultural and historical places and attractions, visit the infamous Mount Fuji and many more.

1- Introduction

Japan, with an area of 377873 square kilometers is one of the big forces in Asia, which is located in the northeastern part of Asia between the North Pacific and the Sea of Japan (JNTO 2015). The people of Japan have only one official language that is commonly spoken in Japan, which is Japanese language. Although Japanese is their main spoken language, English to a certain extent is also understandable by most of the people there as it is a compulsory foreign language that all of their people must learn (JNTO 2015). Other than that, the population of Japan is over 127 million based on the CIA World fact book and Japan’s capital city is known as Tokyo. After the damage incurred by the World War II, Japan recovered and grows tremendously throughout the second half of the 20th Century and is now the third largest economy in the world (BBC Asia 2014). Besides that, Japan also plays a major role in the international community as a key aid donor as well as a source of global capital and credit (BBC Asia 2014).

The objectives of the assignment is to promote Japan as a destination place for tourist from all over the world to visit and also to show that how tourist can be satisfied through socio-Psychological motivations by visiting Japan.

2- Socio-Psychological Motivations

First of all, motivation is defined, as a way of inner mental or psychological elements such as needs, wants and goals in causing level of tension inside the thoughts and figures of a person that are not comfortable in nature and would eventually brings to the act of trying to discharge the tension in order to satisfy needs (Richardson & Fluker 2008). Tourist motivations justify the elements that influences on why tourist travels (Tourism n.d.). In addition, based on the research of Hill (1965), psychological exhaustion is the main reason on why tourist travels in order to recharge, restore and rejuvenate.

The external and internal elements that motivate tourist are called ‘Push and pull’. Push factors such as economic, social, demographic, technological and political that pushes and makes people decides to get away from their common place of residence thus creating the market for tourism activities (Richardson & Fluker 2008). On the other hand, pull factors such as safety aspect, attractions, climate as well as positive images that are offered by a destination pulls and attract people or tourist as the place of choice for them to visit (Richardson & Fluker 2008). Further research by Crompton, Push factors are socio-psychological in nature while pull factors are cultural in nature (Woodside & Martin 2008). As reviewed by Ryan (1991) there are ten types of socio-psychological motivations, which are escape, relaxation, play, strengthening family bonds, prestige, social interaction, romance, educational opportunity, self-fulfillment, and wish fulfillment (Richardson & Fluker 2008).

3- How Socio-Psychological Motivations can be satisfied in Japan

Japan is a very beautiful, unique, cultural and historical country. There are many interesting places for people to visit and there are also many activities that tourist can do there. Socio-psychological Motivations can be obtain through many places and activities in Japan.

3.1 Socio-psychological Motivation 1 (Escape)

Tourist that visited Japan that wishes to ‘escape’ and get away from his or her current dull environment can go for a 1-day snow skiing trip at the famous and tallest peak in Japan, Mt. Fuji. Tourist that plans to visit Japan can go the ‘Japanican.com’ website to buy the ticket for the trip for the cost of 12300 Yen per person. The package includes a 1-day lift pass to the skiing area and also a pass for ski or snowboard rental (Japanican 2015).

This tour package serves a two-purpose experience as tourist can enjoy the beautiful and magnificent scenery of Mt. Fuji while also enjoying the skiing activities. It is suitable for thrill seeking tourist that also likes the idea of being close to nature. By going on this tour, one can ‘escape’ from all his or her problems and enjoy the breathtaking scenery offered throughout the journey and it is certainly a one in a lifetime experience that one can enjoy in Japan.

3.2 Socio-psychological Motivation 2 (Relaxation)

Relaxation is a wish for recovery or recuperation and it also interrelated to the escape motivation. The idea of relaxation can be achieve in Japan when a person goes to one of their world-renowned and the largest outdoor Onsen(Hot spring) at the Mesui Resort situated in Kitayuzawa, Japan. Hot spring bath can definitely relaxed the body and release the body tension to ensure the body to be in better condition physically as well as mentally. Japan offers a tour to the Ice festival at Lake Shikotsu and also to the Kitayuzawa Hot Spring through Veltra.com tour agency for 6100 yen per person.

This tour not only let the visitor relaxed at the steaming mineral rich outdoor hot spring, it also offers a visit to the Ice Festival held by Cobalt Lake Shikotsu as a yearly event. One can see the hypnotic view of the clear blue light glow towering ice sculptures that are formed by the freezing clear lake water, as well as the fascinating ice caves (Veltra 2015). On top of that, dinner buffet will also be served as part of the package that offers variety of tasty food. This tour package can satisfy the socio-psychological motivation of relaxation when visiting Japan.

3.3 Socio-psychological Motivation 3 (Play)

Play is a desire to pamper in activities related to the childhood that are culturally permitted and there is retrogression into the cheerful moment of childhood (Richardson & Fluker 2008). As a kid, most are indulge in the cartoons and gaming world but when people grow older, they tend to leave their childhood memories behind as time are a constraint for them to keep on doing what they used to love as a kid. Gundam is one of the most famous anime, video game as well as action figure that have ever being created thus the tour to the Gundam Front Tokyo in Obaida, Japan will bring the sense of socio-psychological motivation of play in the person visiting Japan. It is one of the best places to go for the Gundam lovers in order to bring back the memories of their childhood.

There at the facility, fans can experience about 1000 models of Gundams up close on display and get to take photos with their favorite characters. Besides that, fans can also have a look at the full size Gundam that stands 18 m tall and weighs 35 tons which is the true representation of Gundams like they were in the anime right down to the fine detailing (Japanican 2015).

3.4 Socio-psychological Motivation 4 (Strengthening family bonds)

Holidays can be use as a moment whereby working parents to spend time with their children thus strengthening the family bonds. In addition, it can also be use for partners who are working fulltime to renew and strengthen their relationship (Richardson & Fluker 2008). A strong relationship between family members is important as to keep the family happy and strong. A broken family is often caused by a weak relationship between the family members. A research shown that the holiday trends nowadays tend to become more individual in nature as to being with families (Richardson & Fluker 2008).

Traveljapan.com has come out with a tour package that is catering for family, which is called the Family Friendly Escape. The tour will take 10 days visiting different unique places such as the Tokyo Disneyland, Tokyo Disneysea, Kyoto, Todaiji Temple In Nara, Nara Park, Kasuga Shrine, and also Osaka city (Travel Japan 2015). The tour is priced at $ 2690 per person and the tickets can be booked through the website or by calling the number given in the website. This short trip touring few cities and places in Japan are suitable for family as it is not too hectic and rushing thus making it a great way for strengthening the family bonds.

3.5 Socio-psychological Motivation 5 (Prestige)

The next socio-psychological motivation is prestige where it is all about the statement of lifestyle and can be shown in terms of status and social enhancement (Richardson & Fluker 2008). It can also be said that it is some sort of materialistic in a way but a good kind. There are always those senses of wanting to do or go for an exclusive and special event. This kind of tourism is called as indulgent tourism that prioritizes luxury, glamour and brand rather than authenticity (Richardson & Fluker 2008). For those that looks for that kind of event can choose to take up the 11 nights, deluxe small groups ‘Luxury Japan’ tour offered by InsideJapantours.com. This tour explore Japan’s classic wonders in a lavish style with the inclusive of five-star hotels, top-quality cuisine and lots of exclusive traditional and cultural experienced just for the group (Inside Japan Tour 2015).

Throughout this tour, he or she will be anticipating few activities such as an exclusive sake tasting session with an expert, a cruise across Lake Ashi overlooking Mount Fuji, a hotel room with a private balcony overlooking Tokyo’s Imperial Palace Garden, attending a private garden party at the Gesshin-in Temple and entertained by geisha, and stay at one of Japan’s exclusive ryokan inn, Gora Kadan. This is truly a prestigious tour package that can surely satisfy one’s socio-psychological motivations when visiting Japan (Inside Japan Tour 2015).

3.6 Socio-psychological Motivation 6 (Social Interaction)

The socio-psychological motivation of social interaction is where a person wanted to stay socially active; he or she likes to be around people nevertheless friends or strangers. As for example, a group of like-minded people that has the same kind of interest or hobby such as sports, arts or fishing can be brought together (Richardson & Fluker 2008). In Hokkaido, Japan, socially active people can get to try the river smelt fishing experience. It is not only fun but also a worthwhile life experience especially for the fishing enthusiast.

Other than that, it can connect people as well as it acts like a small community surrounding the Barato River that gets together to fish and relax (Veltra 2015). There are many locals and also tourist a like in the area that shares the same hobby or interest that will enhance the fishing experience and also builds connection. Therefore, the smelt river fishing experience that are advertised by Veltra.com website can bring about the satisfaction of social interaction in Japan.

3.7 Socio-psychological Motivation 7 (Romance)

Another socio-psychological motivation that can be gained from visiting Japan would be romance. Romance can be between a husband and wife or a boyfriend and girlfriend. Romance can also be the opportunity of meeting new people for the purpose of a romantic encounters which are free from the restraints of home is one of the big influence in choosing a destinations (Richardson & Fluker 2008). This romantic experience can be gain through the tour to the flower festival at 2 major flower parks in Tokyo that are being offered for 8500 yen per person by the Japanican.com tour website.

It is one of ‘a must go’ place for lovebirds when visiting Japan. The 2 famous flower parks are Hitachi Seaside Park and the Ashikaga Flower Park (Japanican 2015). The two parks offer breathtaking view and carpet of flowers that are only viewable once a year. There are many types of flowers blooming such as tulips, azalea vivid blue nemophila and also hundreds of mesmerizing white and yellow wisteria vines along the 80-meter long tunnel that can sure be a place that can offer the sense of romance to the people who goes there.

3.8 Socio-psychological Motivation 8 (Educational Opportunity)

Educational Opportunity is one of the socio-psychological motivations and it holds as the heart of tourism. A person will get a chance to gain new experience as well as knowledge regarding other places, peoples, cultures and also viewpoints that might differ from them (Richardson & Fluker 2008). Japan being one of the most historical, traditional and cultural country, offers a l6 days ‘Great trail of Japan’ tour across Japan throughout 12 cities which are Tokyo, Nagano, Yudanaka, Matsumoto, Takayama, Shirakawago, Kanazawa, Kyoto & Nara, Mt. Koya, the infamous Hiroshima, and also Osaka (Japan Holiday Tours 2015).

The tour being offered and advertised by Japan Holiday Tours 2015 ranging from 370000 to 555000 yen and can be booked through the website (Japan Holiday Tours 2015). This create a chance whereby people can go to Japan and learn about the history, culture and lifestyle from different cities and states in Japan thus making a trip to Japan can satisfy and ensure the socio-psychological motivation of educational opportunity.

3.9 Socio-psychological Motivation 9 (Self-fulfillment)

Self-fulfillment is a journey of self-discovery, a new places and new people that can change a person’s life or a person’s perspective (Richardson & Fluker 2008). This socio-psychological motivation can be obtain through the Kumano Kodo Pilgrimage & Samurai Trails that are being advertised by the Japan travelling industry. The package is an 11 days tour that will take the participant on a journey to the most famous area for pilgrimage, spiritual, and historical such as Mt. Koya, to experience an overnight stay at a temple lodging to get the experience of a monk’s life stlye. On top of that, a person taking up the tour would be guided to walk through in Pilgrimage Kumano Kodo whereby it is surrounded by natures, trees and mountains. Moreover, the tour will also bring about to the tallest waterfall in Japan (JTB Europe 2015). This trip is suitable for people who enjoys nature and cultural based activities and also for people who is in search of self-fulfillment.

3.10 Socio-psychological Motivation 10 (wish-fulfillment)

The last socio-psychological motivation is known as wish-fulfillment whereby the holiday might be the key to the dream that one have been wanting to do for quite some times (Richardson & fluker 2008). An example of a wish that a person might want to do is to learn the secrets of the Japanese martial art, Samurai and ninja. Japan is the best place for people who have the wish of knowing and learning about the Japanese style martial arts. There is a special tour in Japan called Tokyo Martial Arts that he or she could take on for $979 for a 5 days trip in order to satisfied the socio-psychological motivations (Travel Japan 2015).

Participants will get to handle battle gears and weapons such as katana swords and they will also get to try on armors. In addition, gurus or masters that have been passing down the arts from hundreds of years will train them. Other than that, participants will also get to Visit the World Heritage site, Nikko Toshogu Shrine as well as Edo Wonderland (Travel Japan 2015).

4- Conclusion

In general, tourist motivations are affected through the push and pull factors and it is interrelated as well to the forms of tourism. The push and pull factors is the reason that largely affect the tourism industry as it will either increase or decrease the likeliness of a person to travel. There are also many types of tourism nowadays that differentiate the one person to another.

The Socio-psychological motivation plays a major role in why do tourist travels and whether or not a certain country can satisfy the socio-psychological motivation of a person. Japan, the country that is being analyzed in this paper well in fact meets all the requirements on satisfying the socio-psychological motivation of escape, relaxation, play, strengthening family bonds, prestige, social interaction, romance, educational opportunity, self-fulfillment and also wish-fulfillment.

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...Consumer Behaviour Contents 1. Nature, Scope and Importance of consumer behaviour. 2. Consumer Research. 3. Consumer Learning 4. Consumer Perception 5. Consumer Involvement 6. Attitude, Culture, Lifestyle and Socialism 7. Consumer Motivation 8. Consumer Decision Making 9. Consumerism 1. Nature Scope and Importance of Consumer behaviour. :  Consumer behaviour is defined as “The dynamic interaction of affect and cognition, behaviour and the environment b which human beings conduct the exchange aspects of lives”. IT means that the buying habits of the consumer are greatly affected by their thought process and their feelings experienced. Human beings are greatly influenced in their buying actions by various factors like opinion of others, marketing stimuli like product, advertising, packaging and product appearance. Importance of Consumer behaviour:  • Ever increasing intensifying competition. • More aggressive competitors emerging with greater frequency. • Changes basis of competition. • Geographic sources of competition are becoming wider. • Niche attacks are becoming frequent. • Pace of innovation is rapid. • Price competition becoming more aggressive • Product differentiation is declining. As a principal, the marketing concept involves understanding the needs of the consumers and translating these needs into products or services to satisfy these needs. The basic objective in marketing is to achieve the goal of profit making through...

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Ethic

...of Work Ethic “Work Ethic: Do New Employees Mean New Work Values?” INTRODUCTION The concept of work ethic has evolved from the writings of the early 20th century scholar, Max Weber (Weber, 1904-1905), who has been frequently credited with contributing to the success of capitalism in western society with what became known as the Protestant work ethic (PWE) (Hirschfeld and Field, 2000; Hill and Petty, 1995; Kalberg, 1996; Chusmir and Koberg, 1988). Weber highlighted the value of work commitment and raised questions as to why some people place a greater importance on work and appear more conscientious than others. For many years, this remained one of the most dominant themes in the psychological investigation of occupational behavior (Pryor and Davies, 1989). However, in recent years applied psychological literature has provided decidedly little clarity to this issue, even though practitioners express a growing concern about the waning commitment to the value and importance of work (Miller et...

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