...Financial Times (London, England) October 20, 2011 Thursday London Edition 3 'Environmental migration' fears BYLINE: Clive Cookson in London SECTION: WORLD NEWS; Pg. 7 LENGTH: 448 wordsHIGHLIGHT: News analysisTens of millions of people are moving to places that are more vulnerable to environmental disaster, particularly the urban flood plains of Asia and Africa, according to a UK government report.By focusing mainly on the people displaced by drought, floods and famine, the world is neglecting those "trapped" in deteriorating environmental conditions or moving into them, says the study prepared by the government's Foresight programme that examines issues 20 to 80 years in the future.The report is the outcome of a two-year study involving 350 experts from 30 countries.It says the problems of migration in response to environmental change are far more complex and challenging than policymakers have realised. But the report, which looks ahead for 50 years, urges them to focus on the positive as well as negative impact of migration."Under some circumstances migration, particularly in low-income countries, can transform a community's ability to cope with environmental change," said Sir John Beddington, UK chief scientific adviser."The movement of individuals or small groups, even at a local or regional level, may increase the future resilience of large communities," he added."This will reduce the risk of both humanitarian disasters and of potentially destabilising mass migration...
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...terminologies, if you live like a nomadic person does, you are called itinerant,that now refers to the indigenous groups in a country who live in rural areas. But our brothers and sisters in urban areas tend to be moved from one place to another, yet they are not indigenous. They have the tendency to vacate their place, but not due to the loss of food and basic necessities, but because of the fact that they have to resettled and relocated to a new location. Resettlement is a voluntary or involuntary movement of large number of people from one place (which is usually the original settlement) to another (which is a new settlement), and this movement is not without consequence (Akpanudoedehe, 2010). It is a planned or impulsive transfer of people from their original places to a new settlement site wherein they have to adapt to the new environment. Here in the Philippines, resettlement is a common picture in our environment, and the most dominant kind of resettlement that we can see is involuntary. Involuntary resettlement is largely a consequence of planned change generated by major development projects such as dams for irrigation and hydropower, urban renewal, and highway construction (ADB 2000). Illegal settlers who live in these expropriated lands are relocated to places that may be far from their original home and is much different to the surroundings that they are used to. Over the years, the National Housing Authority is consistent in providing and maintaining adequate...
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...Draft for Discussion THE DRAFT NATIONAL LAND ACQUISITION AND REHABILITATION & RESETTLEMENT BILL, 2011 I. Foreword II. Overview of the Draft Bill III. Text of the Draft Bill Ministry of Rural Development Government of India July 27th 2011 I. FOREWORD Infrastructure across the country must expand rapidly. Industrialisation, especially based on manufacturing has also to accelerate. Urbanisation is inevitable. Land is an essential requirement for all these processes. Government also needs to acquire land for a variety of public purposes. In every case, land acquisition must take place in a manner that fully protects the interests of land-owners and also of those whose livelihoods depend on the land being acquired. Under our Constitution, land is a State subject but land acquisition is a Concurrent subject. So far, the basic law governing the land acquisition process has been the Land Acquisition Act, 1894. Although it has been amended from time to time, it is painfully evident that the basic law has become archaic. Land markets in India are imperfect. There is asymmetry of power (and information) between those wanting to acquire the land and those whose lands are being acquired. That is why there has to be a role for the government to put in place a transparent and flexible set of rules and regulations and to ensure its enforcement. Land Acquisition and Rehabilitation and Resettlement (R&R) need to be seen necessarily as two sides of the same coin. R&R must always, in each...
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...ushered in in-order to streamline the land acquisition mechanism in the country in a manner that balances the interests of affected families with the need of the Infrastructure Industry. Land Acquisition Act, 1894 Ever since its enactment, the ”Land Acquisition Act, 1894” has been subject to controversies and fierce debate. Notwithstanding rounds of amendments, including the 1984 changes, it has failed to address some important issues associated with land acquisition particularly forcible acquisitions, definition of "public purpose" , widespread misuse the of "urgency clause", compensation, lack of transparency in the acquisition process, participation of communities whose land is being acquired and virtually no rehabilitation and resettlement package. Further weak implementation and ineffective administration at the ground level has increased the suffering and anguish of the people. Due to a lack of clear definition of "public purpose", there has been considerable difference of opinion among various judgments of the Supreme Court, finally resulting into granting very broad discretionary powers to the State in terms of deciding the contours of "public purpose" under particular circumstances. All these factors coupled with the urgent need to industrialize have put land acquisition at the heart of the debate in India. The need for a new Act The Land Acuisition Act 1894 has proved to be deficient in many respects. Some of shortcoming of the LA Act 1894 includes: • Forced acquisitions:...
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...•Republic Act No. 34 was enacted to establish a70-30 sharing arrangement between tenant andlandlord. The 70% of the harvest will go to theperson who shouldered the expenses for planting,harvesting and for the work animals.•It also reduced the interest of landowners’ loansto tenants at not more than 6%. 5. Manuel Roxas (1946-1948)• President Roxas also negotiated for the purchase of 8,000 hectares of lands in Batangas owned by the Ayala-Zobel family. These were sold to landless farmers. 6. Elpidio Quirino (1948-1953) What was the major program of the Quirino administration regarding agrarian reform?•Through Executive Order No. 355, the LandSettlement Development Corporation(LASEDECO) was established to accelerate andexpand the peasant resettlement A ii ii Bureau ofAgrarian Reform Information and Educationprogram of the government. However, due tolimited post-war resources, the program was notsuccessful. 7. Ramon Magsaysay (1953-1957) Did President Magsaysay pursue land reform during his term?•Yes, President Magsaysay realized theimportance of pursuing a more honest-togoodnessland reform program. He convinced the elitecontrolled congress to pass several legislation toimprove the land reform situation, to wit: 8. Ramon Magsaysay...
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...ASYLUMS SEEKERS AND REFUGEES “Like many members of the Hazara minority in Afghanistan, Chaman Sha Nasiri fled his homeland to escape persecution. At the time, the Taliban had been hunting for young men to either recruit or kill. Chaman then spent three years in the Nauru processing centre. It was a time of uncertainty, and as with many other asylum seekers, he became increasingly anxious and desperate” 1 Chama’s Story is just one of many for asylum seekers who seek refuge here in Australia. They come to our country expecting safety and freedom alongside the most basic human right. Yet when they arrive they are imprisoned and treated as criminals. It is clear that the laws surrounding this issue are in dire need of change. Australia is a country well known for its diversity of beliefs and religions, it is said to be accepting of others, however, when the topic of asylum seekers is brought forth, the government and media portrays the need for border protection, and “stopping the boats”. This type of hostile political enforcement and negative media coverage only furthers the portrayal of refugees as something fear, in the mind of most Australians. However, although it is not widely broadcasted by the Government or media, Australia has a legal obligation to help asylum seekers under the United Nations Refugee Convention 1951, to which Australia is signatory. According to the United Nations Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, amended by the 1967 Protocol (the...
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...analysis of apartheid on womens lives in s.a Strategists in the National Party invented apartheid as a means to cement their control over the economic and social system. Initially, aim of the apartheid was to maintain white domination while extending racial separation. Starting in the 60's, a plan of ``Grand Apartheid'' was executed, emphasizing territorial separation and police repression. With the enactment of apartheid laws in 1948, racial discrimination was institutionalized. Race laws touched every aspect of social life, including a prohibition of marriage between non-whites and whites, and the sanctioning of ``white-only'' jobs. In 1950, the Population Registration Act required that all South Africans be racially classified into one of three categories: white, black (African), or colored (of mixed decent). The coloured category included major subgroups of Indians and Asians. Classification into these categories was based on appearance, social acceptance, and descent. THE EFFECT OF APARTHEID ON WOMEN IN RURAL AREAS African women in South Africa, being both black and female, suffered a triple oppression. As Africans—which for the most part defines their class position—they had to contend with the restrictive and repressive apartheid legislation, which ensures alien control over all facets of their lives. In addition, as women, they had to contend with the fact that they are regarded as dependants and as inferior to men; as such, they are even further discriminated against...
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...Australia has a legal obligation towards asylum seekers and refugees. Australia has a legal obligation towards Asylum Seekers and Refugees as it is a signatory to the UN Human Rights and Refugee Conventions. Furthermore, Australia has a moral obligation based on its membership of the world community. “Australia is one of the 146 signatory countries to the United Nations 1951 Convention and or/ 1967 Protocol relating to the status of refugees”. (Asylum Seeker Resource Centre, 2009) According to Australian Human Rights Commission an asylum seeker is someone who has fled their country and applies to the government of another country for protection as a refugee, (Australian Human Rights Commision, 2012) whereas a person is a refugee the moment he or she fulfils the criteria of the convention. As part of signatory countries to the United Nations 1951 Convention they are “obliged to act according to their efforts to allow everyone to seek and enjoy in other countries asylum from persecution. This right may not be invoked in the case persecutions genuinely arising from non- political crimes or acts of contrary to the purposes and Principles on the United Nations”. (United Nations, 2011) This means that Australia has committed to respect the rights of refugees and to uphold the obligations set out in the treaty. This is in contradiction to the Migration Act 1958, which states, “Australian law requires that asylum seekers who have not been successful in their claims for refugee...
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...have planning issues that planners hope to one day solve. Although they are not the typical modern day cities, squatter settlements have formed some of the most fluent new urban ways of life around the world. Louis Wirth, author of one of planning’s earliest journal articles “Urbanism as a Way of Life” (actually a sociology journal), stated that there were three basic principles when it came to defining urbanism. Population size, density, and the heterogeneity of an area is how new urbanism is built. In this paper we will use these three principles, rational thinking, and the basic planning process to view how over 1 billion squatters around the world have built such astonishing cities, and how people work to study these places; From areas such as Turkey, who use ancient laws to build cities, to areas surrounding Delhi that deal with adaptation to squatter life. We will also be reviewing quotes from the book The Illegal City: Space, Law and Gender in a Delhi Squatter Settlement to get a better understanding of how resident of...
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...My name is Najeeba Wazefadost, and 12 years ago I risked my life on a dangerous journey. I escaped my country Afghanistan and came to Australia by boat. I know that there are no words to comfort those who have lost their loved ones in the recent boat tragedies. But also devastating is the fact that over the past decade, we have only heard politicians endlessly scare-mongering about the number of boat arrivals and how we can decrease these numbers, or deter asylum seekers altogether. Over time, the real human faces of the vulnerable have been turned into statistics about the number of boat arrivals. We have forgotten the devastating circumstances from which asylum seekers come. Afghanistan has been in a state of war for many decades, a war that has left little evidence of justice, humanity and peace for its people. Even now, villages are frequently attacked and there is continuous persecution of minorities. The Afghan Hazaras are not safe in Afghanistan, and are not even safe in neighbouring countries like Pakistan. These are people whose only choice is to seek refuge and security in any way possible. For my family and me, we could not wait for someone to come and rescue us because we could have been dead by then. Coming by boat was the only choice we had. Even though we knew we were at risk of drowning in the daunting waters of the Pacific, we preferred taking that risk over brutal killing at the hands of the Taliban. It hurts me to hear politicians claim that the best way to...
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...CHAPTER TWO THEORETICAL OVERVIEW OF WOMEN DEVELOPMENT 2.1. Introduction The previous chapter (Chapter 1) gave the problem and background of this research. Chapter two will begin by reviewing available literature on studies done on the topic. This chapter will provide a substantially better insight into the dimensions and complexity of the problem and how others have contributed to the topic. A variety of sources will be used to review literature, including research reports, dissertations, government publications and theses; accessed through journals, textbooks and internet. The chapter will end by giving an overview of approaches that paves the way for a clearer understanding of the research problem and identifies the knowledge gap this study seeks to fill. Women in Development (WID), Women and Development (WAD) and Gender and Development (GAD) approach will be discussed in relation to women access to land in Zimbabwe. 2.2. Customary law and land question For many people, customary law is the most important law in their lives, controlling areas of their lives like their marriages, their property, and their right to inherit. Due to customary law in Zimbabwe like in many other African countries with patriarchal systems, women can only access land through marriage or other male relatives. According to Ghosh (2010) customary law refers to African traditions which have become an intrinsic part of the accepted and expected conduct in Zimbabwean black communities. This law defines...
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...Development Plan, what it is and how you can utilise it in support of your educational aspirations. 3 key questions to ask yourself…… 1. What is a Personal Development Plan(PDP)? 2. Why Should I have one? 3. How can I write one to reflect my own aspirations? The answers are straightforward…… 1. What is a Personal Development Plan(PDP)? A PDP is just another name for a plan of action, only this one refers specifically to your aspirations regarding personal development. We make plans every day, but do not always write them down; a PDP allows you to set your own personal targets and find the best way to achieve them. 2. Why Should I have one? An action plan will help you to visualise what you are doing and keep track of your achievements. To be totally effective, it must be a fluid document that is reviewed at regular intervals to ensure that it is always accurate, relevant and realistic. Furthermore, certain courses may be eligible for financial assistance, such as the SLC and ELC. In order to qualify for these allowances, you will have to prove your commitment to your studies. You must have a PDP in order to claim the ELC, in accordance with the ELC DCI. Remember, the PDP is your personal document, but with your permission it is recommended that a copy be held in your Personal Educational Folder, the F7269. Access to this will be restricted to the Learning Centre Staff only. 3. How can I write one to reflect my own...
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...Health and Human Services, in collaboration with its partners, protects the health and safety of all North Carolinians and provides essential human services. (NC DSS).” This website has a lot of different services. Some deal with giving your child up and getting them adopted. They have Medicare and Medicaid reform links; adult protection, nutrition, disabilities, and homeless services. There are a lot of different programs for people of all ages and different conditions including blind and deaf individuals. They don’t specifically have a service for children who get in trouble a lot or act out a lot, but they have counseling programs. This is a good resource to have. They have numbers and names for you to call, and I’m not sure if you can apply for benefits online. I know you can receive help for problems over the phone. I looked everywhere on this website and found that they don’t have a social media presence. All they have is a bunch of numbers for a variety of different services. In their list of services, they actually have a lot of different numbers for adult and child abuse and neglect. Assistance Programs SNAP There are many assistance programs included on this website. There’s some for many situations that people face and need help with every day. They have a program like SNAP. It’s called Food and Nutrition Services (FNS). It’s a food program for low income families. The purpose of this program is to end hunger and improve health and nutrition (NC DSS). They don’t necessarily...
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...Bulgan Enkhbat Student ID:1201590046 China University of Geoscience (Wuhan) School of Environmental Studies Environmental Impact Assessment course Dr. YanPing Cui 崔艳萍 School of Environmental Studies Institute of Environmental Impact Assessment Final Report : Environmental Impact Assessment in Mongolia Bulgan Enkhbat Student ID Number : 1201590046 ( Master Student) 1 Bulgan Enkhbat Student ID:1201590046 Table of Content Introduction …………………………………………………………………… …..3-4 Environmental Impact Assessment Law of Mongolia ……………………………...4-6 Environmental Impact Assessment system In Mongolia ………………………….7-12 o Environmental Protection plan and Monitoring program………………………………………………………………… Conclusion………………………………………………………………………..12-14 Reference ……………………………………………………………………………15 2 Bulgan Enkhbat Student ID:1201590046 1. Introduction Mongolia is a landlocked country in east-central Asia. It is bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south, east and west. Ulaanbaatar, the capital and largest city, is home to about 45% of the population. At 1,565,000 square kilometres (603,909 sq mi), Mongolia is the 19th largest and one of the most sparsely populated independent countries in the world, with a population of around 3 million people. It is also the world's second-largest landlocked country. The country contains very little arable land, as much of its area is covered by grassy steppe, with mountains to the north and west and the Gobi Desert to the south.Lifestyle...
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...Sustainability Reporting Guidelines & Oil and Gas Sector Supplement © 2000-2012 GRI Version 3.1/OGSS Final version The Oil and Gas Sector Supplement is based on the G3.1 Sustainability Reporting Guidelines © 2000-2012 GRI Version 3.1/OGSS Final version Oil and Gas Sector Supplement Sustainability Reporting Guidelines RG & OGSS Table of Contents Overview of the Guidance provided in this Document for the Oil and Gas Sector Human Rights Society Product Responsibility 43 47 52 Preface Sustainable Development and the Transparency Imperative General Reporting Notes Data Gathering Report Form and Frequency Assurance 10 Glossary of Terms Acknowledgments 12 12 13 14 54 54 55 56 58 Introduction Introductory Section for the Oil and Gas Sector Overview of Sustainability Reporting The Purpose of a Sustainability Report Orientation to the GRI Reporting Framework Orientation to the GRI Guidelines Applying the Guidelines Part 1 Defining Report Content, Quality, and Boundary Guidance for Defining Report Content Principles for Defining Report Content Principles for Defining Report Quality Guidance for Report Boundary Setting 16 17 22 26 Part 2 Standard Disclosures Strategy and Profile 1. Strategy and Analysis 2. Organizational Profile 3. Report Parameters 4. Governance, Commitments, and Engagement 5. Management Approach and Performance Indicators Economic Environmental Social: Labor Practices and Decent Work 40 29 29 30 30 31 33 34 36 ...
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