...AGRARIAN REFORM CURRENT ANG HISTORICAL PROBLEMS BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF AGRARIAN REFORM * Historically, agrarian-related remedies extended by past regimes and administrators proved to be totally unable to fulfill the promise of alleviating the quality of life of the landless peasants. * The land laws have invariably contained provisions that enabled powerful landowners to circumvent the law, or even use the law to sustain and further strengthen their positions in power. 1. Pre-Spanish Era - Land was not unequally distributed before the Spaniards came to the Philippines. - The notion of private property was unknown then. - The community (barangay) owned the land. 2. Spanish Period (1521-1898) - One of the major initial policies of the governorship of Legazpi was to recognize all lands in the Philippines as part of public domain regardless of local customs. - As such, the crown was at liberty to parcel out huge tracts of Philippine lands as rewards to loyal civilian and military as rewards. * In effect, communal ownership of land gradually and slowly took the backseat. * Private ownership of land was introduced. * With this arrangement, every municipal resident was given his choice of the land for cultivation, free from tax. * Large tracts of uncultivated lands not circumscribed within a given municipality were granted by the Spanish monarch to deserving Spaniards. * This kind of ownership became known as the encomienda...
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...economy, the agriculture sector accounts a significant portion of the total employment, which ranged from 45-50% during the 1980s. On the other hand, this sector also attributed significant portions of the total poor in the country for decades. Thus, in June 1988, the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP) was signed into law, paving the way for extensive land distribution and reforms which communist insurgencies urged during the Marcos regime. Consequently, the initial stages of the implementation process of CARP was met with apparent complications, expectedly so given that such a policy entailed a wide scope, whilst rural landlords provided staunch opposition in seizing their ownership to government. However, as the years passed and administrations would change, the promises of sweeping agrarian reform have remained unfinished, otherwise, significantly watered down. Such arbitration would be considered a detrimental factor to the current pitfalls that have hindered the development of Philippine political economy. In that, this paper questions what led to this failure of comprehensive agrarian reform and in pronouncing these mistakes, did other countries experience who also employed land reforms if they experienced similar dilemmas. We argue that deeply seated class structures have inevitably played a role in this development policy outcome, particularly elite groups and landlords who have established themselves in the political arena. The...
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...REFORMING THE AGRARIAN REFORM PROGRAM A SCORE LATER, WHAT IS THE REAL SCORE? Rolando T. Bello UPLBFI Science and Technology Professorial Chair Holder Introduction On June 10, 1988, President Corazon C. Aquino enacted into law Republic Act 6657, “An Act Instituting the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program to Promote Social Justice and Industrialization, Providing the Mechanisms for its Implementation, and for Other Purposes.” The signing into law was attended with the President’s optimism that the program could achieve the twin goals of having a radical leap in agricultural productivity and the uplifting of the Filipino masses from their ancient poverty while expressing the hope that it will end all the acrimony and misgivings of the contending parties as well as uniting the nation behind the effort to make agrarian reform a success. The enactment of the law twenty years ago was the apparent embodiment of the then just ratified 1987 Philippine Constitution which declared as a policy of the State the promotion of a comprehensive rural development and agrarian reform. In addition, the fundamental law mandates the State to promote industrialization and full employment based on sound agricultural development and agrarian reform. These Charter provisions and the passing of the law set forth the claim that agrarian reform in the Philippines is inimitable considering the challenges of redistributive reform to be carried out under a democratic milieu. The ratification...
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...BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH Im Cliffe Whitney Paug Lapiz, 22 years old, presently residing at Purok1 North Poblacion, Medina, Misamis Oriental. I am currently 3rd year student taking up Bachelor of Science in Business Administration major in Financial Management at Bukidnon State University-Medina External Studies. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We thank almighty God for successful completion of this Development Paper this would not be possible without him. I have taken efforts in this requirement. However, it would not have been possible without the kind support and help of many individuals. I would like to extend my sincere thanks to all of them. We are really grateful to our subject instructor MR. EDMUND P. VOSOTROS, for all kinds of informative information and valuable advice. To our preeminent head MA’AM FLORENCIA BAANG, to all our deans named; MA’AM MARIETTA T. ASPRIL, MA’AM LARSENEY OBEMIO, MA’AM CICILE ALLOYON let me extend our over whelming thanks giving and our deepest gratitude and appreciation. I would like also to express my gratitude towards to my parents who gave us a support, of giving us money to work on this assignment. Let me give my greatest and deepest gratitude to all of my Classmates, Sir, Ma’am, thank you very much. INTRODUCTION Why do we need to borrow money? There a numerous reasons for the borrowing of money but common ones are; home loans, purchasing of cars, insurance...
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...Narratives of Land: The Current State of Agrarian Reform in the Philippines ALMOST twenty-six years of implementation, still counting and with completion nowhere near in sight. This amount of time that the Philippine government has taken to implement and complete the key provisions of the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP) law translates to a whole generation of Filipinos, including children of farmers, who have been born at the time of the law’s passage, have grown up through the years of tentative and unfinished implementation, and reaching adulthood amid current intensified clamor for government to complete its task. CARP is now the longest running program being implemented under a democratic political system, post-EDSA 1986. It has been widely seen as the litmus test of past and present administrations’ commitment to social justice, as mandated by the 1987 Philippine Constitution. CARPER or Republic Act 9700, signed 7 August 2009, gave the original Republic Act 6657 or CARP five more years to be completed. In 1998, CARP’s land acquisition and distribution component had been given its first 10-year extension and additional funding of PhP 50 billion through Republic Act 8532. One of the main goals during the extension period should be the completion of land distribution by June 30, 2014. The program should get PhP 150 billion for five years or PhP 30 billion per year for land acquisition and distribution and agrarian justice delivery (a total of 60 percent...
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...AS MORE than a hundred peasants from Bukidnon continue their march to Malacañang to own the land they have been fighting for, a leader of a tribal group thinks the protesting peasants should also go beyond the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program Extension with Reforms (Carper) campaign. Datu Jomorito Goaynon, chairman of the lumad group Kalumbay, said the marching peasants must not rely on Carper alone to fight for their lands, but also lobby for the approval of the Genuine Agrarian Reform Bill (Garb). Garb, or House Bill 374, is a legislation that Goaynon hopes would offer peasants a far better alternative than what Carper has to offer. uthored by members of the progressive party-list representatives, Garb is still pending at the House of Representatives, while Carper, also known as Republic Act 9700, is set to expire on June 30, 2014. While farmer-groups like Task Force Mapalad (TFM) and Alliance of Land Rights Movement in Mindanao (Alarm-Mindanao) have initiated the march for a cause for the second time to remind the government of their demands, Goaynon said, "They should also set their sights on Garb since Carper’s timeframe is almost at its end." The problem with Carper, he said, is that there are loopholes agri corporations or huge land owners can tweak to their advantage and to the detriment of the peasants. “Their cause is reasonable since they only want to have land they can call their own, but I think Carper may not be the best answer to that,” Goaynon told Sun...
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...CHAPTER XI: SPECIAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO AGRARIAN REFORM COOPERATIVES Section 88: Coverage The provision of this Chapter shall primarily govern agrarian reform cooperatives: Provided, that the provisions of other chapter of this Code shall be applied except insofar as this Chapter otherwise provides. Section 89: Definition and Purpose Agrarian Reform cooperative members are the Agrarian Reform Beneficiaries and Farmers Following purposes: * To develop appropriate system for land tenure, land development and management. Provide assistance in storage transport, marketing of farm products, financial facilities to beneficiaries for a reasonable cost, and arrange transfer of suitable technology in low cost. * To provide social security, medical, social insurance, non-formal education, vocational, technical training livelihood programs and promote the general welfare of agrarian reform beneficiaries and marginal farmers * To undertake comprehensive, integrated development program like agro-based, marine based, cottage based industries and act as a channel for external assistance for the beneficiaries. Section 90: Cooperative Estates Landholdings, plantations, haciendas acquired by the state of the workers in accordance with comprehensive agrarian reform program shall be owned collectively by the workers and beneficiaries Section 91: Infrastructure Government shall grant to agrarian reform cooperative the preferential treatment, authority to construct...
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...LANDBANK OF THE PHILIPPINES HISTORY * August 8, 1963 LANDBANK was established as part of the Agricultural Land Reform Code, or Republic Act No. 3844 to help with land reform, especially the purchase of agricultural estates for division and resale to small landholders and the purchase of land by the agricultural lessee. * In 1965, LANDBANK's by-laws were approved and its first board of trustees was formed, with the Secretary of Finance as chairman. * In 1988, LANDBANK became the financial intermediary for the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP) * February 23, 1995, LANDBANK's charter was once again amended. Its authorized capital was increased to nine billion pesos and it became an official government depository. LANDBANK OF THE PHIL; * The Land Bank of the Philippines is a government financial institution that strikes a balance in fulfilling its social mandate of promoting countryside development while remaining financially viable. * The profits derived from its commercial banking operations are used to finance the Bank's developmental programs and initiatives. * LANDBANK also ranks among the top five commercial banks in the country in terms of deposits, assets, loans and capital. * Its special focus is to serve the needs of the farmers and fishermen. * It is an official depository bank of the Republic of the Philippines. * It is one of the biggest government-owned and/or controlled corporations in the Philippines. * Its deposit...
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...Rae Antoinette Obelidhon Eco1/8:00-9:30/BA206 Sienna Abug Prof. Mark Anthony Baral Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program under the Corazon Aquino Administration Aside from restoring democracy in the Philippines in 1986, the administration of the late President Corazon Cojuanco-Aquino was noted in history for instituting a Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP) that aims to give land to the landless. But 28 years later, the Cojuanco-Aquino’s own 5,000-hectare sugarcane plantation in Tarlac is yet to be actually distributed to the beneficiaries of her own social reform program. The Cojuanco-Aquino’s Hacienda Luisita is one of the many vast parcels of agricultural lands that are under the mandatory coverage of CARP under Republic Act 6657. Each of the Hacienda’s 6,212 tenant-farmers is expecting to own at least 6,600 square meters of land from the 4,099-hectare distributable area of Hacienda Luisita. Despite government’s initial payment of at least P471 million as just compensation to Hacienda Luisita Inc. (HLI), the Department of Agrarian Reform is still struggling to install the beneficiaries in their CARP-awarded lands. In September, DAR Secretary Virgilo Delos Reyes said copies of Certificate of Land Ownership Awards are currently being distributed to the farmer-beneficiaries. But almost three years after the Supreme Court ordered the actual land distribution to Hacienda Luisita farmers in 2011, DAR is still in the process of surveying the boundaries...
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...You should ask yourself if you need to spend the money, if you have other ways of financing the purchase and if you can afford to pay back the money you’re planning to borrow. Borrowing money becomes a problem if you borrow too much – that is, more than you can afford. It’s a problem if you borrow to where you can’t do other things or if you need to borrow to pay your regular monthly expenses. Just like your own money, you have to stay in control of the money you borrow from others. Borrowing money doesn’t have to be a bad thing. It can help. Borrowing just has to be done wisely, managed well, and held to a limit you can afford. I. History Land Bank of the Philippines (Filipino: BangkosaLupangPilipinas), also known as LANDBANK or by its initials, LBP, is a universal bank in the Philippines owned by the Philippine government with a special focus on serving the needs of farmers and fishermen. While it provides the...
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...EC-OMB Corruption Prevention Project Integrity Development Review of the Department of Agrarian Reform Executive Summary The Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR), now called Department of Land Reform, was created by virtue of Republic Act 6389 signed into law on September 10, 1971. It is the lead implementing agency of the government’s Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP). It undertakes land tenure improvement, development of beneficiaries, land surveys in resettlement areas, land acquisition and distribution and delivery of support services to farmer beneficiaries. Ten dimensions were assessed under the Integrity Development Review Project namely, Leadership, Code of Conduct, Gifts and Benefits Policy, Human Resource Management, Financial Management, Performance Management, Whistleblowing, Internal Reporting and Investigation, Corruption Risk Management, and Interface with the External Environment. The assessment provided a thorough diagnosis of corruption vulnerability and resistance, availability of control mechanisms and the effectiveness of existing systems. Agency strengths include compliance to minimum standards of laws pertinent to corruption prevention except for Gifts and Benefits and Whistleblowing and Internal Reporting, which are both fairly new concepts being integrated into government systems. The agency has a fairly high rating for Human Resources Management as it has achieved level of enforcement of policies required in this dimension. For Performance...
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...schoolteacher.[ He spent his high school life at Zambales Academy at San Narciso, Zambales. After high school, Magsaysay entered the University of the Philippines in 1927, where he enrolled in a pre-engineering course.He worked as a chauffeur to support himself as he studied engineering; and later, he transferred to the Institute of Commerce at José Rizal College (1928–1932), where he received a baccalaureate in commerce. He then worked as an automobile mechanic in a bus company and shop superintendent. CAREER DURING WORLD WAR II At the outbreak of World War II, he joined the motor pool of the 31st Infantry Division of the Philippine Army. When Bataan surrendered in 1942, Magsaysay escaped to the hills, narrowly evading Japanese arrest on at least four occasions. There he organised the Western Luzon Guerrilla Forces, and was commissioned captain on 5 April 1942. For three years, Magsaysay operated under Col. Merrill's famed guerrilla outfit & saw action at Sawang, San Marcelino, Zambales, first as a supply officer codenamed Chow and later as commander of a 10,000 strong force. Magsaysay was among those instrumental in clearing the Zambales coast of the Japanese prior to the landing of American forces together with the Philippine Commonwealth troops on January 29, 1945. CONDITION OF THE PHILIPPINES: The Philippines was undergoing huge reconstruction after the World War II when Ramon Magsaysay was elected as the third president of the republic. Reconstruction of...
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...Jasmin Kate Vallez History of the Department of Agriculture: 'DA Then and Now' Eleven days after the proclamation of the Philippine Independence on June 12, 1898, President Emilio Aguinaldo formed his government with the Department of Agriculture and Manufacturing as one of the first agencies. The Department was headed by three directors, Jose Alejandrino (1898-1899), Graciano Gonzaga and Leon Ma. Guerrero, both during the latter part of 1899. In 1901 during the American regime, the Department was renamed Insular Bureau of Agriculture under the Department of Interior and was headed by Americans, Frank Lamson-Scribner (1902), WC Welborn (1904), and Dr. George Nesom (1907). In 1910, the Bureau, under the supervision of the Department of Public Instruction, was headed by Frederick Taylor (1911-1914) and Harry Edwards (1914-1916). After Edwards, the helm of the bureau was again given to a Filipino, Adriano Hernandez who himself was a practicing farmer. In 1917, the Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources (DANR) took over the functions of the bureau and was led by Secretaries Galicano Apacible (1917-1921), Rafael Corpuz (1921-1923), and Silvestre Apostol (1923-1928). During the administration of Secretary Rafael Alunan, Sr. (1928-1932), the DANR became the Department of Agriculture and Commerce. The Bureau of Agriculture was split into two bureaus, the Plant Industry and the Animal Industry. The following year, the Fish...
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...Failed In The Philippines Submitted by Manuel Ortega Abis Student No. 11-71-003, BPA Special Program Batch 8-A CAPA, Universidad de Manila Professor Ronaldo J. Navata PREFACE The research materials and references used in this research paper were managed to be gathered through unlimited internet hours and limited library hours, but the pages on the web and the pages of the book offered equal enlightenment and enjoyment. The premises and conclusions built and reached in this paper are products of the researcher’s serious analysis of the Philippine economic situation. The researcher, however, is praying that his objectivity and the sincerity of his language shall not fail him in his own humble attempt to bring this mini-thesis to its just and proper course and closure. The twin causes formulated in this paper are generally subdivided into two: the concept of economic will (policy system of governance) and the concept of economic ownership (property system of the governed). Further reading is advised on critical and related topics of this paper. For the economy, these words: there is no such thing as the co-existence of freedom and equality. God bless the Philippines! ______________________________________________________________________________ I. INTRODUCTION DROPPING THE TORCH AND BURNING OUT THE FIRE: The Mismanagement Of Philippine Capitalism ...
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...of the Agricultural Land Reform Code In 1965 - Land Bank's by-laws were approved and its first board of trustees was formed, with the Secretary of Finance as chairman. October 21, 1972 - Presidential Decree No. 27, signed by former President Ferdinand Marcos, emancipated all tenant farmers working on private agricultural lands devoted to rice and corn, whether working on a landed estate or not. The system was implemented through a system of sharecropping and/or lease-tenancy. Land bank was tasked to collect 15-year land amortizations from beneficiaries at the cost of the value of the land plus six percent interest per annum. 1973 - LANDBANK was in financial distress. It lacked the resources and the capital needed to implement the land reform programs and lacked the structure to implement the programs efficiently. July 21, 1973 - Marcos signed Presidential Decree No. 251 which revitalized the bank. The decree granted LANDBANK a universal banking license with a social mission to spur countryside development. The decree expanded Land bank's power to include lending for agricultural, industrial, homebuilding and home-financing projects and other productive enterprises, as well as lending to farmers' cooperatives and associations to facilitate production, marketing of crops and acquisition of essential commodities. Land bank was also required by the decree to provide timely and adequate support in all phases involved in the execution of agrarian reform and also increased its authorized...
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