...* * In John Locke’s The Casual Theory of Perception the idea of perception versus what is real is examined and analyzed in great detail. The main focus of this writing is that there is an outside world (made up of real and wholesome objects), and there are ideas about the world (perceptions produced in us by the objects). This main focus is repeated and explained in multiple aspects and ways within Locke’s writing. Going into detail, Locke feels, or rather feels that he knows, that there are three sorts of qualities to be considered in respects to bodies (physical objects). Firstly, there are Primary qualities – otherwise known as real or original qualities - which include certain physical properties such as bulk, size, figure, number, situation, and motion. The reason Locke calls these real or original is because these properties are there regardless of our perceptions and regardless of if we are there. These characteristics are within the object itself, independent of our existence. An example of this would be a boulder. The boulder is made out of elements and has a large bulkiness in the shape of a cylinder. While we can see this, it is an inherent part of the boulder, and will not change based on our experiences around the boulder. Secondly, there are primary qualities – otherwise known as sensible qualities – which include the characteristics of color, taste, smell, and sound. These are all the qualities given off by an object but...
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...Hobbes and John Locke Abstract The Social Contract theory which dominated the European political thought in the eighteen century has played a very important part in the development of the modern political theory and practice. Being the most important of all the speculative theories, it came into being as a result of reaction against the theory of the Divine Origin. This theory was the first to denounce the influence of the church in the state affairs, provided an explanation for the origin of the state and shows the relationship between those who governs and those who are governed. Thomas Hobbes and John Locke are the chief exponents of the Contract Theory. Both of them have established their thesis from the beginning of human habitation, though their ideas and opinions are quite distinct. Hobbes in his theory has only described one contract where Locke has described two. Thomas Hobbes’ “Leviathan” and John Locke’s “Two Treaties on Civil Government” these books are considered as bibles in the evolution of modern states system. Though there are criticisms and debates regarding the social contract theory, but the modern political theories today have evolved from these contract theories which has no doubt. The aim of this assignment is to compare and contrast between Thomas Hobbes and John Locke and explore their contribution in the development of international relations according to the analysis of their works. Introduction Thomas Hobbes’s Leviathan and John Locke’s Two...
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...John Locke’s philosophy on property rights begins with his belief that God gave “The earth and all that is therein is given to men for the support and comfort of their being” (p.115, para. 25) and in order to benefit from the earth’s bountiful resources, man must “…appropriate them some way or other…” (p.116, para. 25). Locke’s initial reference to the concept of property and ownership comes when he discusses how “…every man has a “property” in his own “person”” (p. 116, para. 26). His words, “The “labour” of his body and the “work” of his hands…” (p.116, para 26) and the acorn/apple example offer an understanding of when, exactly, Locke states property ownership and/or property rights take affect. “…If the first gathering made them not...
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...and reason emerged, due to the attributions of many great philosophical thinkers. Some of these thinkers include John Locke, Galileo, and Rene Descartes. The major philosophical assumptions of the enlightenment were science, the mind, deism, criticism, and cosmopolitanism. The new way of thinking in the enlightenment promoted deism. The view in which there is a God, but he is not so involved in the world. It is the belief in religious truths discovered by people through a process of reasoning. The major motto of the enlightenment was “Have the courage to use your own understanding”. The enlightenment also promoted criticism, which meant everything had to be questioned to find the truth. The last of the philosophical assumptions is cosmopolitanism, the ideology that all human beings belong to a single community. All these assumptions contributed to the enlightenment, in a way that will change how the seventeenth century lived on a daily basis. John Locke’s essay on human understanding was the starting point of the enlightenment. He stated that all humans are born with their mind at a blank page, with knowledge and identity only developing with experience. He believed that there were no legitimate government under the rights of the Kings theory. The Kings theory was that God chose the rulers and if the ruler was being challenged, you are challenging God. Locke did not agree with this so he wrote his own theory stating that the power to be a governor should be granted by the...
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...This essay explains three key features of the Age of Enlightenment that include liberalism, rationalism and equality. These key features will be explained in terms of how they reflect specific assumptions about children and education. Furthermore to evaluate how these ideas have impacted children’s education in both the past and the present. Liberalism requires members of society to develop liberal ideas such as individualism and independence amongst the likes of John Locke who wrote a book called ‘Some thought Concerning Education’ (1893) which emphasises the significance of early education in the home. “upbringing in the home is crucial for the development of good character” (May, 1997, p. 3). Rationalism is another imperative feature of the Age of Enlightenment as people used theory to make sense of human development along the likes of Rousseau. His book, ‘Emile’ is about the development of a young boy becoming a man using his ideas for child rearing. “education should be a response to the child’s curiosity and interest to natural world.” (May, p. 39-40, 2005) This theory was put into practice by Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi who was so impressed with his ideas that “he attempted to rear his child according to Rousseau’s principles” (May, 1997, p. 11). The Enlightenment implies equality necessary for females to be educated alongside men to allow for equal opportunity. In Wollstonecraft’s book ‘A Vindication of the Rights of Women’ (1792) she protests for women’s rights...
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...1 JUSTICE, EQUALITY, AND RIGHTS by John Tasioulas For R. Crisp (ed), The Oxford Handbook of the History of Ethics 1. The Nature of Justice Philosophers have advocated many divergent views as to the content of the correct principles of justice. In contemporary philosophy, for example, the live options range from the austere libertarian thesis that the claims of justice are limited to a small class of rights that protect us from coercive interference by others to more radically egalitarian doctrines that mandate the large-scale redistribution of wealth and other goods. But there is a prior, conceptual question: is there an illuminating sense in which these disagreements are aptly described as concerned with justice? Alternatively put, is there a concept of justice of which these rival accounts can be interpreted as offering different conceptions? (Rawls 1971/1999: 5-6). If not, the dispiriting conclusion looms that these disputes are „verbal‟ rather than genuine, like a debate about the nature of „banks‟ in which one party has in mind financial institutions and the other party the sloping bits of land at the sides of rivers. One answer is that the concept of justice marks out the entire domain of moral evaluation, or at least the whole of inter-personal morality, excluding only moral concerns relating purely to oneself or to non-persons, such as animals. This expansive reading of justice – as (inter-personal) moral rightness or virtue – has a venerable pedigree. The Greek...
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...About John Locke, he is a philosopher from the 1600s and had ideas about how humans are in their natural habitat. His theory was that people were born as a ball of clay and the job to mold that clay into something good was the job of the environment the baby is born in. The ball of clay would be molded by people or things in the environment. So if someone was in a bad environment like their parents or a very close friend are doing drugs or are in a gang, his theory would say that he would get involved with that. If the baby was in a good and nurturing environment the baby would be very good. To prove John Locke’s theory is true I came up with an example, my friend Anna was born a swimmer because her parents raised her in an environment around...
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...PSY 250 Week Three EXAM Kala Strunk 04/27/2015 1. Pat enjoys the philosophy of “being-in-the-world”. This is an example of what philosophy? Evolutionary Personality Theory. 2. How does the drug Prozac work in the brain (neurotransmitter action)? Prozac blocks a cell that then builds a persons own serotonin into the body. It does not put any serotonin into the body itself it just helps the body build it better. 3. What year did the American Psychiatric Association decide homosexuality was no longer a mental disorder? 1974 4. I am studying why two people view and interpret an event differently. What do researchers call this approach? Survival of the fittest 5. What 17th century philosopher wrote that the mind is a blank slate (tabula rasa) at birth? John Locke 6. What is the biological name for fraternal twins? dizygotic twins 7. Which one is not a suggestion for pursuing happiness: a. Help others b. Keep lists of your accomplishments c. Recognize that many people will always be unhappy d. Avoid television. C. Recognize that many people will always be unhappy 8. What is the study of how genes affect human behavior called? Behavioral genomics 9. Define the “physical attractiveness stereotype”? Physical attractiveness stereotype is when we see something beautiful we automatically think it is a good thing, or person. Attractiveness will get people farther in life and be wanted more. The physical attractive people...
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...“Leadership is the art of getting others to do something you want done because they want to do it.” (Dwight D. Eisenhower). Whilst evaluating this statement, I’ll also question how it differs from management and why? Introducing this essay, it will be an evaluative text looking at key conceptual ideas into the quote stated above by the former United States President Dwight D. Eisenhower and how it differentiates from management. Addressing this matter, it can be seen that there are pros and cons into the statement “Leadership is the art of getting others to do something you want done because they want to do it.” Firstly, it can be suggested that people will follow leaders in a trustworthy sense meaning that they are willing to follow instructions as they feel credulous and have faith in the ambition and skills of their leader/manager. On the other hand, it appears that employees may feel pressured to act upon orders given from their leader/manager as they could see it as part of their job responsibilities essentially and are just following procedures given even if they may have an opposing opinion on the matter (I’ll be exploring this matter to a further extent in the first paragraph). From a personal point of view, interpreting the contrast between leadership and management can be difficult. For example, leadership is seen as more of a characteristic and/or a component of management and an effective way for managers to influence their employees in ways in which they feel are...
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...1.0 Introduction Henri Fayol described five functions of management as forecasting, planning, organizing, coordination, and commanding (Parker and Philip 2005). Leadership on the other hand focuses on ideas, influences others, values, authority, taking responsibility. Leadership has evolved from traditional trait leadership to modern multifaceted type leadership (Hellriegel and Slocum 2011). Hellriegel and Slocum (2011) believe that leadership is learnt and not taught. This study seeks to supplement the role of a manager with guidance in organizational behaviour. The framework of learnings and models identified in this document provides a manager with some of the tools that are needed for him to influence employees to achieve optimum performance and attain the organizational goals. The models are adapted from theory and research done by various scholars. The guidelines provided herein include: • Individual differences • Perception and attributions • Motivating employees • Learning productive behaviour. A manager must possess six competences to effectively apply the learnings and techniques in the workplace. These competences are self-competency, diversity, across cultures, communication, teams and change. Competences provide the foundation for an individual in the performance of his role in the organization (Hellriegel and Slocum 2011). 2.0 Individual differences Individual differences are the ways which makes each person differ from each other. Individual...
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...University of Phoenix Material Foundations of the U.S. Federal Government Worksheet Complete the chart below by identifying the three branches of government and their entities. U.S. Constitution 1. Legislative 2. Legislative 3. Judicial 3. Judicial 2. Executive 2. Executive | 6. Supreme Court 6. Supreme Court 5. President 5. President 4. Congress 4. Congress | 9. Vice President 9. Vice President | House of Representatives House of Representatives 8. Senate 8. Senate | True or False 1. The Tenth Amendment limits the power of states. FALSE 2. The Constitution signed in 1787 contained the Bill of Rights. FALSE 3. The Constitution created a system of dual sovereignty, meaning the federal government has exclusive power in interstate commerce. True 4. The president and vice president are part of the legislative branch. FALSE 5. Congress can impose federal mandates, which require the state government to comply with its orders. True or False Multiple Choice 6. The concept of dual federalism D: viewed federal and state power as fixed d. The Bill of Rights is C: the first 10 amendments to the Constitution e. The legislative branch is composed of which of the following: ...
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...Although it can be said that classical and modern liberals hold the same fundamental principles and ideas, it could also definitely be argued that modern liberalism moves away from the brutality of classical liberalism, and the two concepts have departed, with modern liberals focusing more on helping individuals achieve their potential and protecting them. With this said, both concepts do undoubtedly hold true the fundamental concept which is freedom of the individual; even if they interpret this concept in different ways. Whilst the moving away from classical liberalism holds to be true, because of concept such as neoliberalism, classical liberalism does still have an influence on every day life. One of the fundamental liberal principles is centered around freedom of the individual, and this can be said to be both one of the main similarities, and one of the main differences between modern and classical liberalism. Classical liberals believe in negative freedom; freedom being the absence of external constraints. The individual is therefore free: left alone and not interfered with or coerced by others. Classical liberals believe this leads to the formation of a meritocracy; where people can make a success of themselves based on their hard work and talents, and are not held back by the state when trying to do so. Modern liberals share this same concept of freedom and believe that the individual should be free to make the best of themselves through talent and hard work. However...
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... January 28, 2014 1. Provide at least three (3) reasons for believing in the accuracy or inaccuracy of sensory information. Sensory perception can be defined as receipt through the power of physical awareness, hearing, seeing, smelling, tasting, touching, and comprehensible upon transfer to reason. I believe in the accuracy of sensory information but our sensory perception can be misleading. Sensory perception is a part of our daily life and everyone approaches and perceives things differently. This old phrase or saying has been stated for centuries, "we can't always believe what we see." This falls into the first cause which is an interpretation. Everyone interpret things differently, even though we could be watching, feeling, and hearing, the same event or occurrence. This leads right into my second point which is sight perception. The senses of sight teach the mind to see everything that is visual directly in front of us and to detect movement in our peripheral vision. With that being said, we have taught ourselves that what is recognize as one thing may not be identified as the same thing by another person. One of the most notable disagreements would be colors. Due to the fact that there are so many different shades of the color red which to some people may be pink, burgundy, maroon or any shade in between these colors. Someone else that same color red may resemble another color. We are...
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...Paper on Personal Values and Ethical Standards In this paper, I will present the development of my personal values, ground rules and ethics. • I will focus on the developmental aspect by defining what my values are, the sources that helped shaped my values and the criteria and decision-making factors I currently use today. Next, I will the follow three aspects; Discuss the implications of your values for your work as a human services profession • Discuss a specific ethical dilemma in relation to the ethical standards of human service profession. • Discuss the ethical standards of the following general principles; the use of psychological tests in the court room, the lie detector, boundaries of competence, Integrity, sexual harassment, human differences and the legal definition of insanity. My values were shaped based on the teachings of Christian values. My parents demonstrated those teachings in their parenting style as well as in their relationships towards one another as husband and wife. For example; my father was the financial provider for our family and my mother was the home make. While, growing up my father always worked second or third shift which did not allow him to spend as much time with my two siblings and I. Nevertheless my mother reverenced my father and kept his presents active in the home. For example, my father would write my siblings and I encouraging notes and place them on our refrigerator every day. My father would write; happy...
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...Hospitality Information Systems and Users Paper Kim Sullins BIS/303 October 26, 2015 Craig Wheeler Hospitality Information Systems and Users Paper Inventory tracking is the controlling and overseeing of storage and the ordering of components that many companies use in producing items. Inventory tracking used also for overseeing and controlling of finished products for sale. A company’s inventory is their investment and a part of their assets that has sold and used in the company as part of its production. Inventories that are mismanaged may create sizeable financial and inventory problems for companies, whether the mismanagement results in an inventory shortage, over inventory and loss in possible sales. The two types of inventory tracking used are Perpetual and Periodic. In a perpetual (usually used in supermarkets or department stores), a continuous flow of inventory count is tracked using a point of sale (POS) check out system. This system is perfect for companies to manage what has sold and reorder when a reorder point has reached. Another advantage of this system is its ability to account for shrinkage (theft) and inventory turnover. The periodic system (used in smaller retailers) used to take a physical count of inventory at periodic intervals to...
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