...Please elaborate the types of trade diplomat with examples Trade diplomacy or well known as commercial diplomacy is concern on the government service toward the business community. There are three types of its commercial diplomat such as i) Business Promoter; ii) Civil Servant; iii) Generalist. Those have their own concern towards the commercial diplomacy. Thus, each of them can support each other in order to make the trade diplomacy success. Business Promoter Business Promoter, they tend to be promoting goods and services of something in order to attract people to buy the goods or services. In other words, they are providing the consultancy with requested by business firms. In individually of trade diplomacy, business promoters seen as...
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...Capability maturity model- this model defines how mature is company in managing and producing software. The model's aim is to improve existing software-development. There are five levels defined along the continuum of the model. CMM is process improvement model applied to improving software development. The model is based on five maturity levels that predict an organization’s capability to successfully develop software based on process discipline. 1.Initial (chaotic, ad hoc, individual heroics) – the most primal level, organisation can make software, but it doesn't have optimise process and the quantaty of the product isn't really good 2.Repeatable - the process of producing the software is at least documented sufficiently such that repeating the same steps may be attempted. 3.Defined - the process is defined/confirmed as a standard business process, and decomposed to levels 0, 1 and 2 (the last being Work Instructions). 4.Managed - the process is quantitatively managed in accordance with agreed-upon metrics. 5.Optimizing – process of management is absolutely optimised. Metatraid software company. CMM Level 3 This company relates to the maturity level. The processes of producing the software are managed. Detailed measures of the software process and product quality are collected. Both the software process and products are controlled and understood. Metatrade identifies metrics to measure the effectiveness of its project management and SDLC methodologies. They are able...
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...Milton’s novel, Samurai William, the reader is taken to the other side of the globe to experience the history of old world Japan. Though out the book, Milton provides reason for complex historical events and actions, while still communicating the subtleties and mysterious customs of the Japanese. The novel also closely examines the wide range of relationships between different groups of Europeans and Asians, predominantly revolving around the protagonist, William Adams. The book documents the successes and failures that occur between the two civilizations, then links them back to either the positive or negative relationship they have. As the book goes on, the correlation is obvious. Milton shows us the extreme role that religion, etiquette and trade played in establishing positive relations between visiting Europeans and the Asian civilizations. Religion and traditions played a chief role in the Europeans relationships in Asia all throughout the novel. Milton puts an incredible weight on the shoulders of religion on both sides of the civilisations. The book dives right into explaining the fascination and disgust felt by European priests and Jesuits towards the Japanese monks. They carried rosaries like the Catholics and “in old age, many retired to Buddhist monasteries to live the rest of their days in prayer and contemplation”. The Buddhist All-Souls Day consisted of the ceremonial sprinkling of graves with flower petals. All of this appealed to the Catholic Jesuits, no doubt, as...
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... What cultural factors caused the differences in outcomes? What legacies have the differences in types of encounters and degrees of cultural change left today? Had syncretism not occurred in the Americas, how might modern culture be different? If cultural syncretism had taken root during early encounters in China or India, how might they be different today? The quest for wealth and power brought Europeans to Indian shores in 1498 when Vasco da Gama, the Portuguese voyager, arrived in Calicut (modern Kozhikode, Kerala) on the west coast. In their search for spices and Christian converts, the Portuguese challenged Arab supremacy in the Indian Ocean, and, with their galleons fitted with powerful cannons, set up a network of strategic trading posts along the Arabian Sea and the Persian Gulf. In 1510 the Portuguese took over the enclave of Goa, which became the center of their commercial and political power in India and which they controlled for nearly four and a half centuries. Economic competition among the European nations led to the founding of commercial companies in England (the East India Company, founded in 1600) and in the Netherlands (Verenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie--the United East India Company, founded in 1602), whose primary aim was to capture the spice trade by breaking the Portuguese monopoly in Asia. Although the Dutch, with a large supply of capital and support from their government, preempted and ultimately excluded the British from the heartland of spices...
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...CRH plc: Dimensions of Successful Corporate Strategy Global Business Strategy 1 - BUS-5024-0LA \ Table of Contents Introduction 3 Discussion of Chapter Readings and Theory 3 Chapter 5: International Trade Theories 3 Chapter 6: The Political Economy of International Trade 3 Chapter 7: Foreign Direct Investment 4 Chapter 11: Global Strategy 4 Chapter 12: Entering Foreign Markets 4 Introduction to the Case 5 Discussion of the Case 6 Definition of the Problem 6 Generation of Alternatives 6 Selection of Criteria 7 Choice of the Solution 7 Discussion of Implementation Plan 7 Strategy Implementation Assumptions 9 Strategy Directions Pursued By CRH 9 Corporate Parenting Roles Employed By CRH 9 CRH’s Acquisition Strategy and Its Contribution 10 How The Group’s Corporate Strategy Creates Value For CRH 10 Conclusion 10 References 13 Appendices 14 Appendix A 14 CRH plc: Dimensions of Successful Corporate Strategy Introduction Successful companies, these are companies that focus their efforts on strategic areas. To meet customer needs, the company must follow an overall organizational strategy. A good strategy helps to permanently preserve and strengthen the position of the target market, consistently meeting customer needs better than their competitors. The company's strategy, a way to focus on the target market segment, including that of their competitors. It is also an organization's plan, drawn up to gain a sustainable advantage over competitors...
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...As the sporting events are becoming popular worldwide, a high competition among the countries to host such events has been noted. This clearly hints us of the benefits a country can get by hosting international sporting events. A country can boost its economy through the rise of trade and advertisement during such sporting events. In the meantime, the country gets an opportunity to display its culture and hospitality to the world which, in turn, will boost its tourism industry. However, the host countries face different hurdles to successfully accomplish such events. The chances of spread of disease like HIV and other pandemics; difficulty in the management of crowds and various other problems are noticeable at such occasions. The host country can establish its identity as a well-off and civilized nation by accomplishing the sporting events successfully. The people from all over the world judge how well the country manages such events. The country can lure such people through its competency. The host country of 'Olympic Games' of 2008, China, is a good example. Everyone was looking over China with doubts and suspicions, but China left them in amazement with its superb hosting of the most prestigious sporting event, The Olympics. China not only became a great success in hosting the event but also succeeded in changing the mentality of the people worldwide about China. In addition to this, a country can become economically stronger by hosting such events. First of all, the...
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...CHAPTER SIX INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND FACTOR MOBILITY THEORY OBJECTIVES • To understand theories of why countries should trade • To comprehend how global efficiency can be increased through free trade • To become familiar with factors affecting countries' trade patterns • To realize why countries' export capabilities are dynamic • To discern why the production factors of labor and capital move internationally • To grasp the relationship between foreign trade and international factor mobility CHAPTER OVERVIEW Chapter Six provides a conceptual foundation for the exploration of the international trade process. First, it examines the basic theories of mercantilism, absolute advantage, and comparative advantage. Then it explores patterns of trade in light of the theories of country size, factor proportions, and country similarity. It also considers the role of distance and explains the relevance of Product Life Cycle Theory and Porter's Diamond of national competitive advantage. The chapter concludes with a discussion of factor mobility and its relationship to the international trade process. CHAPTER OUTLINE OPENING CASE: COSTA RICAN TRADE, FOREIGN INVESTMENT, AND ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION [See Map 6.1.] Costa Rica, a Central American country of barely 4 million people, has successfully transformed its primarily agricultural economy to one that includes strong technology and tourism sectors as well. Bordering both the Pacific Ocean...
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...How successfully did James deal with parliament during the period 1603 – 1616? * James faced many difficulties with Parliament during his reign in England. The king and parliament followed two mutually, extended exclusive views about the nature of their relationship. James believed that he owed his authority to God-given right, that the laws in his kingdom were only an extension of his royal prerogative, and that parliament was in essence a lower court to him, its laws and opinions always subject to his oversight and review; and that he was free to revise or overrule them completely whenever he wished. However, parliament believed that its rights were equal to those of the king. They also believed that in return for grants and subsidies to the crown, the king should take its views on policy formulation and execution into account. The end result of this fundamental disagreement was a series of difficult parliaments, two of which James dissolved in frustration. The first parliament brought in the idea of ‘The Great Contract’. This meant that they wanted James to give up the right to feudal dues, such as wardship and purveyance, in exchange for a fixed sum per annum to be raised in taxation. They offered him £200,000 after a lot of argument. They didn’t want to give him too much money because he wouldn’t need to call parliament. James didn’t like this idea as he thought that £200,000 wouldn’t be enough. The contract was finally sunk when James made a demand for another £200,000...
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...not concerned with the profits of some company. To them, it’s just a great bargain and they want it to continue.” Do you agree with this statement? Do you think that people from different cultures would respond differently to this statement? Explain your answers. 2 Question 3: “Companies should use investment entry modes whenever possible because they offer the greatest control over business operation.” Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Are there times when other types of market entry offer greater control? When is investment entry a poor option? 4 Question 4: Identify the three business level strategies. Describe how they differ from one another. 6 Cost leadership strategy 6 Segmentation Strategy 6 Differentiation Strategy 7 Question 5: Some people believe the rise of regional trading blocs threatens free trade progress made by the WTO. Do you agree? Why or why not? 9 References 10 Question 1: “You can’t tell consumers that the low price they are paying on that fax machine is somehow unfair. They’re not concerned with the profits of some company. To them, it’s just a great bargain and they want it to continue.” Do you agree with this statement? Do you think that people from different cultures would respond differently to this statement? Explain your answers. I agree with the statement “You can’t tell consumers that the low price they are paying on that fax machine is somehow unfair. They’re not concerned with the profits...
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...Morgan’s charge to the $6 billion oversight in trading loss is the first for a main company since the Securities and Exchange Commission revised its practice of letting firms pay fines without admitting fault. An admission by JPMorgan could provide a pattern for pursuing other admissions in Wall Street cases. The Justice Department is aggressive in getting JPMorgan to admit that from 2005 to 2007, it sold mortgage securities to investors without fully warning of the risks. By wanting the bank to admit some responsibility, officials hope it will caution other corporations to double check before taking dangerous risks that threaten the wide-ranging financial system. Rule The relevant rule of the JP Morgan Case requires that companies successfully mitigate risk of trading losses through internal controls and to disclose losses using transparency. According to CNN Money, “In legal language, regulators said that the bank engaged in “unsafe and unsound practices” (Isidore & O’Toole,...
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...|31/10/13 | Assessment criteria to be assessed in this assignment |Criteria Reference|To achieve the criteria the evidence must show that the learner is able to: |Task No. |Page No. | |P1 |Explain the international business environment in which a selected organisation operates |1.1 | | |P2 |Describe the mechanisms that regulate international trade |1.2 | | |P3 |Describe how the environment and culture of another country affects |1.5 | | | |a business operating internationally | | | |P4 |Describe how the monetary environment affects businesses that operate internationally |1.8 | | |P5 |Identify why...
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...Americans Sour on Trade (WSJ.com) By SARA MURRAY and DOUGLAS BELKIN This article begins by mentioning how there is a hostile view from the American public towards globalization. From the average America’s point of view, free trade and globalization has done nothing but hurt our economy and take jobs away from the US and bring them overseas. The latest poll shows that a slight majority of Americans see free trade agreements as s tool that has hurt the US more than it has helped. One of the most dramatic results of the survey comes from data that shows that even well educated people that tend to beneficiate from free trade and whose jobs are less likely to ever go overseas also feel that free trade agreements are hurting the US. When compared to 10 years ago when this survey was first done there has been a wide increase in the educated people that have changed their mind about free trade. This gap doubled from 24% to 50%. Politicians have now taken the issue into their own hands. Last week the senate passed a bill that would pressure China to float its currency in an effort to level the amount of imports that enter the country. While this may be a temporary issue that politicians use for their advantage in the next elections it is still an issue that more and more Americans are paying attention to as the unemployment rate still lingers near 10%. The article also mentions how China is beginning to replace Wall Street as the new “America’s villain.” Some think this happened...
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...The growth of trade and investments across borders has meant that international business activities have become increasingly important in the 21st century. The combined global sales of multinational enterprises (MNEs) were about $26 trillion in 2012. Exports of goods and services exceeded $22 trillion in 2011. The course examines the implications of globalisation on business. It focuses on factors that affect business decisions and operations of multinationals and businesses engaged in international trade. The course also addresses the implications of this ‘global economy’ for the organization and operation of multinational firms. We also consider the ethical and environmental dilemmas and place the issues of sustainability at the centre of scrutiny of global business operation, highlight the politics of the relationship among multinationals, governments and broader society. Aims 1. Provide an appreciation of key factors on which international business decisions are based; 2. Develop an understanding and appreciation of similarities and differences in the international business environment; 3. Distinguish the imperatives underpinning international trade and foreign direct investment; 4. Provide an understanding of the principles of the internationalisation process and draw implications for business management; Learning Outcomes On completing this course successfully you will be able to: 1. Distinguish between different political, social and economic systems and make...
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...How far do you agree that the Navigation Acts were the main reason for the growth of the British Empire in the years 1680- 1740?-Otto and Olivia The Navigation Acts set the sails to the exponential increase of the BE, to a very high extent. The Navigation Acts ultimately protected English manufacturers, accumulated bullion, and allowed more growth to the marine fleet. However, other factors aided the growth of the BE to an extent, along with other factors; international relations, the growth of British ports, and trade and commerce, although, as one will see, all of these factors were either caused by, or were spearheaded by the Navigation Acts. There were numerous Navigation Acts, mostly ranging from 1650- 1750, and over this period, they had helped the growth of the BE; the main purpose of the Navigation Acts was to stimulate English trade in order to strengthen the economy, which gave England a monopoly on trade……………. ‘The Navigation Acts main purpose was to stimulate Britain's trade and strengthen the British economy at the expense of all other nations. The Acts gave Britian a monopoly on trade, especially with the colonists in America, under British rule. England became a prosperous ship building center, creating many new jobs for the citizens of England. The goal of the Navigation Acts was to force colonial development into lines favorable to England, and stop direct colonial trade with the Netherlands, France and other European countries.’- include some of this in...
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...characterize the modern world. These technological advances give rise to a rate of diffusion and transfer of knowledge which is greatly superior to that of the past. In other words, it was the new technologies that allowed the emergence of the “global village”. (c) Market forces combines the promotion and selling of goods and services with an increasingly interdependent and integrated global economy. It makes companies feel if they are without walls with the Internet an integral marketing and cultural tool. Understanding consumer needs within target countries helps formerly local companies build a global marketing mix where product, price, place and promotion that are geared toward specific country needs. (d) Cost forces enables greater trade and competition between different economies, leading to lower prices, greater efficiency and higher...
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