...ranges from behavioral intervention methods to basic research which investigates the rules by which humans adapt and maintain behavior. A daydream is a visionary fantasy, especially one of happy, pleasant thoughts, hopes or ambitions, imagined as coming to pass, and experienced while awake.[1] There are many types of daydreams, and there is no consistent definition amongst psychologists.[1] The general public also uses the term for a broad variety of experiences. Research by Harvard psychologist Deirdre Barrett has found that people who experience vivid dream-like mental images reserve the word for these, whereas many other people refer to milder imagery, realistic future planning, review of past memories or just "spacing out"--i.e. one's mind going relatively blank—when they talk about "daydreaming."[2] Habits (or wonts) are routines of behavior that are repeated regularly and tend to occur subconsciously.[1][2][3] Habitual behavior often goes unnoticed in persons exhibiting it, because a person does not need to engage in self-analysis when undertaking routine tasks. Habituation is an extremely simple form of learning, in which an organism, after a period of exposure to a stimulus, stops responding to that stimulus in varied manners. Habits are sometimes compulsory.[3][4] The process by which new behaviours become automatic is habit formation. Examples of habit formation are the following: If you instinctively reach for a cigarette...
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...In Gardner’s book “Frames of Minds” he argues that all humans are born with a multiplicity of intelligences. He suggested that with these intelligences; we can or should be developed by society to achieve great individual accomplishment and fulfill greater social goals. This theory of multiple intelligences has been divided into eight different categories; Linguistic, musical, logical, spatial, bodily kinesthetic, intrapersonal, interpersonal and naturalist (Gardner 1983). In Gardner’s opinion; seven kinds of intelligence would allow seven ways to teach, rather than one and powerful constraints that exist in the mind can be mobilized to introduce a particular concept (or whole system of thinking) in a way that children are most likely to learn it and least likely to distort it (Gardner 1983). Gardner was one of the first to teach us that we should not judge and develop people (especially children, young people, and people at the beginnings of their careers) according to an arbitrary and narrow definition of intelligence (Gardner 1983). We must instead rediscover and promote the vast range of capabilities that have a value in life and then set out valuing people for who they are, what they can be, and helping them to grow and fulfill their potential (Gardner 1983). Gardner feels if first we concentrate on encouraging schools and industry to think beyond IQ and the bleeding three R's - then perhaps soon we'll be ready for morality and spiritualism (Gardner 1983). Howard Gardner's...
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...capable to produce their own thoughts. There are many other abilities that could be listed, but they would all be abilities allowing a person to learn about, learn from, understand, and interact with one's own environment. Environment includes a person’s immediate surroundings such as one's family, the workplace, or a classroom. Intelligence is one of the most talked about subjects within psychology. There is no one definition of what exactly intelligence is. Some researchers have suggested that intelligence is a single ability, while others believe that intelligence is a range of skills and abilities. Howard Gardner's Theory Let's look at Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences. Gardner did not focus on analyzing test scores, instead he proposed that numerical expressions of human intelligence was not a full and accurate depiction of people's abilities. Gardner's theory describes eight intelligences that are based on skills and abilities. The eight are: Visual-spatial Intelligence, Verbal-linguistic Intelligence, Bodily-kinesthetic Intelligence, Logical-mathematical Intelligence, Interpersonal Intelligence, Musical Intelligence, Intra personal Intelligence, and Naturalistic Intelligence. Visual-Spatial Intelligence (“Picture Smart”)...
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...Intelligence Critique Intelligence Critique The two types of theories that will be critique in this paper will be Sternberg’s triarchic of intelligence, and Gardner’s eight frames of e mind. Intelligence is the ability to acquire and apply knowledge and skills. Sternberg’s triarchic of intelligence states that intelligence comes in three forms analytical intelligence, creative intelligences, and practical intelligence. Analytical intelligence is the way that we study, evaluate, relate, and distinction. Creative intelligence is the way that we are able to create, design, invent, and imagine. Practical intelligence is the way that we are able to apply, implement and how we put these ideas into practice. The theory that is best for determining intelligence would be Gardner’s eight frames of mind the reason why is that Gardner says that everyone has all eight of this intelligence to some kind of degree. Gardner’s eight frames of mind would be verbal, mathematical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalist. Gardner seems to think that we learn and process information in different from someone else. Students learn better when they learn in their stronger intelligences. Amy believes that she possess many different types of intelligences according to Gardner’s the first one would be verbal. Amy can prompt sense to things when it is important to her. The second one would be interpersonal this means that she has the capacity to recognize and...
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...smart you are that matters, what really counts is how you are smart." ~ Howard Gardner Have you ever sat in a class where you thought to yourself how much more you would get out of it if the teacher would incorporate something visual along with his/her lecture? Is the instructor aware that you may learn more effectively by looking at visuals rather than simply listening to him/her lecture for an hour? Or maybe it would help if you could physically create something in order to understand the subject that was being discussed? What is your primary intelligence? Let's find out: (click here). How can the knowledge of your personal learning style help you to become more knowledgeable? Can you utilize this knowledge both in and out of the classroom? Whatever your personal learning style is, chances are that it is part of Howard Gardner's Multiple Intelligences Theory. Howard Gardner, Ph.D is the founding father of the Multiple Intelligences Theory. Formerly a Senior Co-Director of Harvard University's Project Zero, Howard Gardner's proposed his theory of multiple intelligences in his 1983 book, Frames of Mind. Project Zero, established at Harvard University's Graduate School of Education in 1967, continues to "help create communities of reflective, self-directed learners, to encourage the pursuit of deep understanding within and across disciplines, and to promote critical and creative thinking" (9). Gardner's pluralistic view of intelligence suggests that all people possess at...
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...Presentation (incl structure of report) (5 marks)· Clear introduction, appropriate structure, readability· Presentation quality and attention to detail|||||5| Content (12 marks): research and conceptual understanding - using Blooms rubric below() · Identifies key elements of topic (2)· Critical (evidence based) analysis of elements of theory (6)· Appropriate selection of literature (3)· Correct referencing style (2)|||||10| Reflective process – add text below (3 marks) · Critically examine the study process (see below)|||||3| Reflections – students add details in shaded sections below: 1. Identify the process that you undertook to answer the topic: My process includes viewing Howard Gardner’s discussion to find out key points, searching literature to have a clear awareness about the question and Gardner’s points, applying these points to organizational activities, especially educational institutions and evaluating whether these points are appropriate| 2. What (if anything) would you do differently? Nothing| 3. What is the key issue in the topic you selected? The key issue in my paper is implementing the Multiple Intelligences Theory in educational issue.| 4. What (if anything) else did you need to know to answer the question more fully? The Multiple Intelligences Theory focuses on effects to educational institutions, however, the link between the theory and other types of organizations is not really clear.| Presentation and Research 1. Your presentation was good 2. Your...
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...memory and problem-solving, several influential researchers in the intelligence field of study had begun to recognize the importance of the non-cognitive aspects. For instance, as early as 1920, E.L. Thorndike used the term social intelligence to describe the skill of understanding and managing other people.[3] Similarly, in 1940 David Wechsler described the influence of non-intellective factors on intelligent behavior, and further argued that our models of intelligence would not be complete until we could adequately describe these factors.[2] In 1983, Howard Gardner's Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences[4] introduced the idea of multiple intelligences which included both interpersonal intelligence (the capacity to understand the intentions, motivations and desires of other people) and intrapersonal intelligence (the capacity to understand oneself, to appreciate one's feelings, fears and motivations). In Gardner's view, traditional types of intelligence, such as IQ, fail to fully explain cognitive ability.[5] Thus, even though the names given to the concept varied, there was a common belief that traditional definitions of intelligence were lacking in ability to fully explain performance outcomes. The first use of the term "emotional intelligence" is usually attributed to Wayne Payne's doctoral thesis, A Study of Emotion: Developing Emotional Intelligence from 1985.[6] However, prior to this, the term "emotional intelligence" had appeared in Leuner (1966).[7] Stanley...
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...want to go to the Far East? I can get it though, if I get enough practice.” When the gets frustrated, the retreats to his room where the plays guitar; he has even done some of his own arrangements. Gavin is very skilled at working with people and some of his peers turn to him as an arbitrator when clashes occur in club and other organisational meetings. • Consider Gavin’s intelligence based on Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences. Assess Gavin’s intelligence on this basis. In the case of Gavin, he possesses mostly the musical- rhythmic, intrapersonal and interpersonal intelligences. The complexity he faces is from his mathematical- logical intelligence and linguistic intelligence as he cannot sort out his difficulties in his studies. As he states that he retreats to his room to play guitar when he is frustrated. This demonstrates that Gavin has the capacity to think in music; to be able to hear patterns, recognize them, and perhaps manipulate them. People who have strong musical intelligence don't just remember music easily, they cannot get it out of their minds, and it is so omnipresent. People with musical intelligence look for patterns in speech and language, for example, they look for patterns in new information in order to increase learning. They remember things by turning them into lyrics or...
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...A psychologist at Harvard University named Howard Gardner developed a theory about intelligence and how we define it. His own definition of intelligence is “the capacity to solve problems or to fashion products that are valued in one or more cultural setting”. He theorizes that the current definition of intelligence is too limiting. According to him, there are multiple types of intelligences. In Frames of Mind, Howard Gardner treated the personal intelligences ‘as a piece’. Because of their close association in most cultures, they are often linked together. However, he still argues that it makes sense to think of two forms of personal intelligence. Gardner claimed that the nine intelligences rarely operate independently. They are used at the same time and tend to complement each other as people develop skills or solve problems. Although everyone has their own opinion on how intelligence should be defined, some believe that a person's intelligence is derived from genetics. With everyone being raised differently, it is safe to say that a person's intelligence is not impacted by genetics, but by their influences and environment. To begin, there are nine intelligences involved in Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences. The first is called Visual-Spatial Intelligence, which includes people that are good at visualizing and have the potential to recognize and use the patterns of wide spaces and more confined areas. They may want to consider careers as an artist, interior designer...
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...Theory of Multiple IntelliGENCE PSY/300 April 9, 2012 Instructor: Angelique Grady In this paper, I will discuss the theory of multiple intelligences, developed by Howard Gardner. There are eight intelligences that Howard Gardener indentified, but I will be discussing three of them that would have an impact on my own personal success. Linguistic intelligence which refers to verbal intelligence, iInterpersonal intelligence is being able to appreciate and identify what others require, and iIntrapersonal intelligence refers to one’s self and their abilities (Smith, 2002, 2008). “Intelligence is multifaceted; that is, aspects of it can be expressed in many domains.” (Kowalski & Westen, 2011, p. 271) “We can thus define intelligence as the application of cognitive skills and knowledge to learn, solve problems, and obtain ends that are valued by an individual or cCulture” (see Gardner, 1983, p. ?). “It is also to some extent culturally shaped and culturally defined, since cultural practices support and recognize intellectual qualities that are useful in the social and ecological context.” (Kowalski & Westen, 2011, p.274). Gardner did not believe that there was only one inventory for intelligence. He used many criteria to come up with these eight intelligences. These criteria dealt with damage to the brain, and how a portion of the brain could be affected, but the other portion still worked fine. Another criteria area...
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...A man named Howard Gardner proposed his theory of multiple intelligences in 1983 with his book Frames of Mind. Gardner thought of intelligence as the ability to solve problems. He believed that intelligence could be broken down into eight different types, and that even though we use all of these intelligences we tend to be stronger at some than others. In the development of his theory, he first wanted to set up a criterion to help him determine what would be worthy of being called intelligence. He then came up with seven intelligences: Linguistic, Logical-Mathematical, Musical, Bodily-Kinesthetic, Spatial, Interpersonal, and Intrapersonal. He later added an eighth intelligence in 1999 which he referred to as Naturalistic Intelligence. The first two of these intelligences are typically seen in our school systems, the next three are usually tied to the artsier types of intelligences, and the final two Howard Gardner attributes to the personal Intelligences. The three of these that impacts my life the most are Logical Mathematical, Bodily Kinesthetic, and Interpersonal Intelligences. Logical-Mathematical intelligence has to do with the ability to understand and carry out complex mathematical functions with ease, analyze problems logically, and investigate issues from a scientific standpoint (Smith, 2008). It is often assumed that people with this kind of intelligence will naturally do well in things that involve logical or numerical activities such as mathematics, but...
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...Introduction Jean Piaget Jean Piaget (1896-1980) was a biologist who originally studied molluscs (publishing twenty scientific papers on them by the time he was 21) but moved into the study of the development of children's understanding, through observing them and talking and listening to them while they worked on exercises he set. His view of how children's minds work and develop has been enormously influential, particularly in educational theory. His particular insight was the role of maturation (simply growing up) in children's increasing capacity to understand their world: they cannot undertake certain tasks until they are psychologically mature enough to do so. His research has spawned a great deal more, much of which has undermined the detail of his own, but like many other original investigators, his importance comes from his overall vision. He proposed that children's thinking does not develop entirely smoothly: instead, there are certain points at which it "takes off" and moves into completely new areas and capabilities. He saw these transitions as taking place at about 18 months, 7 years and 11 or 12 years. This has been taken to mean that before these ages children are not capable (no matter how bright) of understanding things in certain ways, and has been used as the basis for scheduling the school curriculum. Whether or not should be the case is a different matter. Piaget's stage theory describes the cognitive development of children. Cognitive development involves...
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...|PATHWAYS TO LEARNING |Name: | |Date: | | Developed by Joyce Bishop, Ph.D., and based upon Howard Gardner’s Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences. Directions: Rate each statement as follows: 1 = rarely 2 = sometimes 3 = usually 4 = always Type the number of your response (1 – 4) on the line next to the statement and total each set of six questions. 1. I enjoy physical activities. 2. I am uncomfortable sitting still. 3. I prefer to learn through doing. 4. When sitting I move my legs or hands. 5. I enjoy working with my hands. 6. I like to pace when I’m thinking or studying. Total for Bodily-Kinesthetic 7. I enjoy telling stories. 8. I like to write. 9. I like to read. 10. I express myself clearly. 11. I am good at negotiating. 12. I like to discuss topics that interest me. Total for Verbal-Linguistic 13. I use maps easily. 14. I draw pictures/diagrams when explaining ideas. 15. I can assemble items easily from diagrams. 16. I enjoy drawing or photography. 17. I do not like to read long paragraphs. 18. I prefer a drawn map over written directions. Total for Visual-Spatial 19. I like math in school. 20. I like science. 21. I problem-solve well...
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...Psychology * Organizational Psychology * Health Psychology * Family Psychology * Experimental Psychology * Environmental Psychology * Educational Psychology * Developmental Psychology * Counseling Psychology * Community Psychology Howard Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences * Linguistic Intelligence * Mathematical-Logical Intelligence * Spatial Intelligence * Intrapersonal Intelligence * Kinesthetic Intelligence * Interpersonal Intelligence * Naturalist Intelligence * Musical-Rhythmic Intelligence Maslow Theory of Human Needs * Hierarchy * Physiological needs * Safety needs * Love and belonging * Esteem * Self-actualization * Self-transcendence DEFINE PSYCHOLOGY AND ITS HISTORY? DEFINITION Psychology is the science of human and animal behavior that includes the study of mental processes that influence overt behavior. Psychology is a science like biology, physics, or chemistry. Psychologists use scientific techniques to build a body of knowledge about behavior and mental processes. HISTORY Today, psychology is largely defined as "the study of behavior and mental processes". Philosophical interest in the mind and behavior dates back to the ancient civilizations ofEgypt, Greece, China and India. Psychology as a self-conscious field of experimental study began in 1879, when Wilhelm Wundt founded the first laboratory dedicated exclusively to psychological research...
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...As well, the constructivist theory and the theory of multiple intelligences will be examined and applied. Traditionally, teaching has occurred primarily via one learning intelligence. Jensen (2008) defines brain-based learning as the informed process of using a group of practical strategies that are driven by sound principles derived from brain research. The constructivist approaches share a view of knowledge and mind as an active construction developed by the individual acting within a social context that shapes and constrains new understandings but not in an absolute sense (Graham, MacArthur & Fitzgerald, 2007). Graham et al., further explains that constructivist views focus on learning in context-how knowledge develops within particular instructional contexts when students are engaged in activities such as transforming knowledge in textual sources using writing. The theory of multiple intelligences (Gardner 1997) poses the idea that there are at least eight (visual/spatial, musical, verbal/linguistic, logical/mathematical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, bodily/kinesthetic, and naturalist) rather than only one type of...
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