...Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is defined as the most severe form of an illness associated with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection. HIV is caused by retrovirus. It is similar to other viruses such as the flu virus, but the only difference is that once a person gets in contact with retrovirus the person is infected with HIV for the rest of their life. The virus spreads when in it comes in contact with human tissue. The virus infects human CD4 cell and weakens the immune system that fights against infection. There is no cure for AIDS /HIV but there are medications to slow the progression of the disease. “HIV can be prevented by screening before pregnancy, protected sex, use of sterile syringes or needles, and screening of blood before transfusion” (Daar &Mark, 2012). A person infected with HIV develops flu-like symptoms within a month or two after the virus enters the body. These symptoms may last for several months to several years till person becomes symptomatic. The early symptoms are swollen lymph glands mainly on neck ulcers on the mouth or genitals, sore throat, and joint pain. The HIV infection, if not treated, can progress to AIDS in about 10 years. The clinical manifestations of AIDS may affect other organs in the system, including more serious infections, fatigue, fever, diarrhea, weight loss, fungal infection of nails and malignancies (Daar & Marks, 2012). Epidemiology evidence indicates that HIV is transmitted through blood, body fluid, seminal...
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...grammar suggestions inviting the consideration and analysis of the writer; they are not infallible statements of right/wrong, and they should not be used as grading elements. Also, at present, WritePoint cannot detect quotations or block-quotes, so comments in those areas should be ignored. Please see the other helpful writing resources in the Tutorials and Guides section of the Center for Writing Excellence. Thank you for using WritePoint. The Evolution of HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) BIO/101 October 09, 2012 The Evolution of HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is known by mankind as one of the quickest evolving virus to date. One offspring of HIV can make replicas upward of billions of copies in a 24 hour [If used as an adjective, these two words are hyphenated: 24-hour] period, mutating countless time with every copies of its genetic material. In order to [Writing suggestion--the meaning will be the same (and less wordy) by removing "in order"] find a ways to fight HIV, we [Use "we," "us," or "our" to mean...
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...HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus Suanchirae Williams Devry Unviersity BIO 260 Professor Daudi Langat Suanchirae Williams Devry Unviersity BIO 260 Professor Daudi Langat INTRODUCTION Growing up my little brother was the man of our house, a household of seven with my little brother being the only boy, such a heavy burden on such small shoulders. It seemed to be a role that he just woke up one day and assumed he needed to fill. My mother was a single mother of six children so she worked long hours every day which left me, being the oldest, as the secondary mother. It seemed to become my role as caregiver and my little brother, who is almost 5 yrs. younger than me, the protector. As we all grew up and started branching off into our own little worlds my little brother became a more private person. It was a surprise in late 2005 when he brought home a girl and announced her as his girlfriend and that he loved her. She was a great girl we all took a shine to her and welcomed her into our family. After a few months this new girlfriend decided it was time for us all to have a family meeting, there was something that she felt she needed to share with us all before anything more happened with her and my brother. She sat us all down and started to explain her family to us ending with her...
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...Programming Development: Part 3 NAME PRG/211 11/28/2011 INSTRUCTOR Abstract The purpose of this document is to address all items required for the Part 3 of the Programming Development assignment. Programming Development: Part 3 In the previous weeks, the choice for developing software was for an Animal Shelter and it was also analyzed selection structures. In this paper are analyzed array and loop structures that will be present in the program as part of its implementation. Identified Objects For the Animal Shelter system there are many things that could become an object if this program is developed using an Object-oriented Programming Language. Among the most important we have User, which would identify a user inside the system with its role and some other attributes. Person, which would have all information related to a person and would be related to User. In the system a User is own by a Person. Then we would have Animal and Vaccine too, with all related information applicable. We could have other objects such as Adoption Form, Cage (the cage where the animal stays in) and Treatment but in any case, the object-oriented approach will help achieve the desired levels of encapsulation and data hiding. “The term encapsulation means to package data members and methods into a single programming unit (in our case, a class or an object created of that class) with a well-defined external boundary, or interface. Encapsulation is most often achieved through data hiding...
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...process devastates a community. When respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is in its most rapidly developing phase, the community health nurse is in an ideal position to educate the community on keeping children safe and free from this, at times, devastating virus. Epidemiology and Care of RSV It is important to understand the epidemiology of a disease process to effectively manage and treat the disease. Rowe (2013) notes that epidemiology “is the discipline that provides the structure for systematically studying the distribution and determinants of health, disease, and conditions related to health status” (p. 162). When the nurse is evaluating the epidemiology of a disease process such as RSV, he/she needs to keep in mind three critical concepts related to the understanding of epidemiology “the natural history of the disease, the levels of prevention, and the multiple causation of disease” (Rowe, 2013, p. 166). Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) The causes, symptoms, mode of transmission, complications and treatment options are important to understand when caring for a child with RSV. The pathogenesis and causes of RSV are fairly well understood, once RSV attaches itself to the epithelial cells, it is attracted to a protein called the intracellular adhesion molecule which is located on the respiratory epithelial cells. Once RSV becomes attracted to the intracellular adhesion molecule on the epithelial cell, the virus penetrates into the cell and starts to replicate in the host...
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...Respiratory Syncytial Virus is a single stranded RNA virus that belongs to the Paramyxoviridae family of viruses. This virus is also known as RSV, Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus or Palivizumab. This is one of the contributors of the common cold and is very prominent in the fall, winter and spring seasons. Although symptoms are somewhat mild in older kids and adults, the virus can cause respiratory infections and other complications in the elderly, younger kids and babies and also those with weakened immune system. The RSV virus can be spread very easily where there is a large population of people and in contact with someone that already has the virus. It can be spread when someone sneezes into the air, cough into one’s hands and then by touching other surface areas or by kissing someone that was or is infected. The virus can live up to thirty minutes on someone’s skin if not washed and up to five hours on any surface area such as countertops, toys, doorknobs, phones, faucets and keyboards for instance if not cleaned or sanitized. RSV is easily spread in places like daycares, schools and any other areas of crowding. Although exposed to the RSV virus symptoms normally begins to show between four and six days. In mild cases sneezing, coughing, runny nose and slight fever might occur however in severe cases RSV can cause labored breathing, shortness of breath, rapid breathing, wheezing, grouping cough, high fevers etc. Any one vulnerable to RSV may need special care to make...
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...for High Risk Infants Is Best Option By Peggy Peck WebMD Medical News Reviewed by Dr. Tonja Wynn Hampton Sept. 29, 2000 -- For Kim Giarrizzo of Avon Lake, Ohio, her 6-year-old son Garrett, and nephew Kyle, 5, the last weekend of summer was no picnic. Over the long Labor Day weekend, both boys started showing symptoms of a cold, but at the midnight hour on Sept. 4, Kim was holding her feverish, wheezing son while listening to the irregular breathing of Kyle who was visiting. She suspected this was no ordinary cold. The next day, Kim and her sister Tammy Arthurs were at a local hospital emergency room with both boys, and although rare in the late summer months, both were admitted for treatment of suspected RSV -- respiratory syncytial virus. RSV is highly contagious and the No. 1 cause of acute lower respiratory tract infection, especially in early childhood. RSV season usually starts in November, peaks in January, and ends early in April. In most of us, RSV is just a bad cold, but among the very frail, such as babies born too soon, children with lung disease or the frail elderly, RSV can be a killer. For Garrett and his cousin Kyle, RSV put them in the hospital, taking oxygen for two days. For their mothers it was a frightening experience. Tammy's other son, Andrew, 3, was hospitalized for three days with RSV when he was just 5 months old. "It was very scary that time. I had never heard of this infection, and then the doctor was telling me that he could die," says Tammy....
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...modern medical center is equipped with the latest technology to provide comprehensive health care. In addition to the in-patient units, Jordan Valley provides many outpatient services including: Physical Therapy, Breast Care, Outpatient Lab and Radiology services, as well as Wound Care and Sleep Disorder Clinics. These successful outpatient services allow patients the opportunity to receive medical care that, in the past, would have required hospitalization. Jordan Valley also provides an Outpatient Respiratory Clinic specifically for patients with Respiratory Syncytial Virus, an illness generally referred to as RSV. RSV is a very common virus that most people have been exposed to within the first two years of life. It is spread by mouth or nasal secretions and is extremely contagious. When the virus strikes adults or older children, the symptoms are similar to a common cold. However, when the virus occurs in young children or infants it becomes much more serious, usually requiring medical intervention including breathing treatments. Previously, this need would require the child be admitted to the hospital to receive these treatments. With the implementation of the outpatient RSV Clinic, patients are able to stay at home with their parents and return to the clinic – up to several times a day if needed – for breathing treatments and further assessment. Patients are initially seen by an Emergency physician or pediatrician and if they are deemed appropriate for outpatient...
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...ABOUT TMED SA WHO IS TMed TMed is a privately owned South African-based Medical Technology consulting firm. PURPOSE TMed was established to provide medical supplies and equipment to public and private sector, doctors, clinics, hospitals and healthcare groups with the focus point of care diagnostics, timely treatment and compliance. TMed’s purpose is focusing on diagnosis at the point of care with a vision to change the way patients experience medical treatments in the community. OUR PRODUCTS TMed provides rapid diagnostic test, drug of abuse, medical devices and Rapid Point of Care Screening Test. Our VALUE TMed is committed to supply premium products and dedicated after sales service to our clients, thereby adding value to all our customers and their respective businesses. Our VALUE TMed is committed to Supply Premium Products and dedicated after sales service to our clients, thereby adding value to all our customers and their respective businesses. Corporate and Medical Supply Objectives • Diagnostic testing at primary care level for early detection of potential threats and allowing reduction of hospital / bed days • Promote use of testing with network providers to extend patient medical savings benefits, include more testing and reduce pathology costs • Increase wellness screening to include Glucose, cholesterol, haemoglobin, Troponin, D-Dimer, and Uric Acid • Increase infant paediatric screening to include RSV, Rotavirus, Adenovirus, CRP, Strep...
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...Causes and Mode of Transmission Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is an acquired disease that infects white blood cells in humans, specifically Killer T cells, which destroys the chances of fighting off common colds and common infections in individuals. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) has been known to have first erupted from chimpanzees and monkeys in Africa. When hunting for food, humans would come in contact with infected blood, which is believed to be the leading cause of the communicable disease. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) can be transmitted through sexually active individuals, blood transfusions, sharing of needles, through pregnancy, or breastfeeding. Infections may be transmitted through semen, infected blood, or vaginal secretions, which also has a possibility to become Acquire Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) in some individuals (Mayo Clinic, 2014). HIV Symptoms and Treatment Patients who are infected with Human Immunodeficiency Transmission (HIV), may not experience symptoms for up to ten years. With susceptibility to the disease, individuals are able to spread the disease without realizing they have acquired the illness. Symptoms developed with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) include: Diarrhea, fatigue, fever, vaginal yeast infections, headaches, mouth sores, muscle stiffness, rashes, sore throats, and swollen lymph glands (New York Times, 2014). In order to test for patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), scientists test for ELISA or...
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...Epidemiology Paper: Human Immunodeficiency Virus Grand Canyon University: NRS-427V Epidemiology Paper: Human Immunodeficiency Virus Human immunodeficiency virus is a retrovirus that originates from West Africa. Chimpanzees in West Africa that were infected with a similar virus, simian immunodeficiency virus, were hunted by humans and their meat was harvested and eaten (CDC, 2014). During this process, humans that were exposed to their blood or ate their meat, were exposed to this same virus. The simian immunodeficiency virus mutated over time becoming the human immunodeficiency virus. Scientists believe this transmission from chimpanzees to humans has been occurring since the early 1800’s and has slowly spread across the world. HIV is a virus that eventually leads to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). The human body is unable to rid itself of this virus, meaning it is a lifelong illness that necessitates lifelong treatment. There is no cure, although scientists worldwide are actively and diligently working towards one. The virus directly attacks specific cells in our body which are called T-cells. It invades the T-cell and uses them to replicate itself, destroying the T-cell in the process. T-cells help our bodies in the defense against infection and disease and when they are depleted and destroyed, cause and increase in susceptibility to infection and disease. When these cells are depleted to a dangerous level, the disease process then transitions to AIDS...
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...Epidemiology Paper: HIV Grand Canyon University: NRS-427V 08/09/2015 Human immunodeficiency virus, otherwise known as HIV, is a serious disease that affects the bodies’ immune system. HIV affects the immune cells, specifically called the CD4 cells or T cells. As time passes, these cells are destroyed and soon the body begins to lose its ability to fight off infections and disease. HIV is the virus that could lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, or AIDS. Unfortunately, there is no cure for HIV, meaning once infected, you will remain infected for the rest of your life. The earliest HIV case was known to be in 1959. While it is unknown when exactly it came about, or from where, the transfer of the disease is thought to be from animal to human decades earlier. Some scientists believe that the chimpanzee transmitted the virus to humans, back when humans would hunt the chimpanzees for their meat. The contact with their HIV infected blood caused the spread of the communicable disease. After slowly spreading across Africa through the years, the virus made its way out into the world. “The first cases of HIV in the United States date back to 1981.” (Holland, 2013) The HIV infection is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus. There are many myths about how HIV is spread; the truth of how it is spread is simple, through blood, semen, vaginal/rectal fluids and breast milk. “These fluids must come in contact with a mucous membrane or damaged tissue or be directly injected...
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...is AIDS? I. How is it contracted? A. Where did AIDS come from B. Who is at risk of infection? II. Transfer of the virus A. Is anyone safe from the virus? B. Is there a cure? III. Statistics A. How many people living with HIV? B. How many people living with AIDS? IV. Conclusion A. Medication B. Prevention What exactly is HIV? HIV is an abbreviation for Human Immunodeficiency Virus. This virus can lead to AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome). According to Aids.gov, more than 1.1 million people in the United States are living with HIV infection, and almost 1 in 6 (15.8%) an unaware of their infection. HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is an infectious virus that destroys the Immune system and makes it harder to fight off infections. Where did HIV come from? The aidsinstitute.org states, “Scientists identified a chimpanzee in West Africa as the source of HIV infection in humans. The chimpanzee version of the immunodeficiency virus (called simian immunodeficiency virus or SIV) was most likely transmitted to humans and mutated into HIV when humans hunted these chimpanzees for meat and came into contact with their infected blood. Over decades, the virus slowly spread across Africa and later into other parts of the world. The earliest known case of infection with HIV-1 in a human was detected in a blood sample collected in 1959 from a man in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. (How he became infected is not known)...
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...June 04, 2016 Human Immunodeficiency Virus Human Immunodeficiency Virus, or HIV, is a virus that attacks the body’s immune system, and if left untreated, it can develop into Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, or AIDS (AIDS, 2015). HIV is a virus that a person will have for the rest of their life, because the human body can never completely get rid of the virus (AIDS, 2015). There is currently no cure for HIV, but if properly treated, it can be controlled. HIV is caused by a virus that specifically attacks CD4 cells. These cells are responsible for the immune system. When left untreated, HIV attacks these cells, leaving the human body unable to fight off infection or cancers (AIDS, 2015). There are three stages of HIV. The first is the acute infection stage where there is a large amount of the virus being produced in the body. A person may not even know they have HIV in this stage. The second stage is the clinical latency stage where very low levels of the virus is being produced because a person may be receiving treatment. A person can live in the clinical latency stage for years, even decades. The final stage of HIV is known as AIDS and this is where a person is susceptible to opportunistic infection. (AIDS, 2015). There are several symptoms of HIV, but the only way to be certain that one has HIV is through testing. Early symptoms include fatigue, muscle aches, fever, chills, swelling of lymph nodes, night sweats, and ulcers in the mouth (AIDS, 2015). ...
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...known as the Republic of Liberia is located in West Africa. Liberia has a population of 4 million individuals. It’s estimated that 30,000 of those individuals have either the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The most vulnerable of Liberia’s population are women young girls, and infants. Because of Liberia’s economic status resources are not as abundant as the Unites Stated. Some comparisons and contrasts between the United States of American and Liberia were conducted regarding treatment guidelines and resources, monthly treatment expenses, and prevention methods to decrease the spread of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This will allow a better understanding of methods utilized by the United States and Liberia regarding preventing and managing the spread of both human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome AIDS) in their country. International Perspective on HIV/AIDS “As the causative agent of the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) continue to be a major problem in the United States and in many other countries around the world”(Li et al., 2015, p. 1). The foreign country being discussed regarding both the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic is Liberia, also known as the Republic of Liberia. The capital of Liberia is Monrovia, which is the largest city, main port, and commercial center ("Columbia...
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