...While we cannot ignore the importance of HRM theories in today’s management context, this paper explores whether these theories work well in practice. Introduction The key purpose of HRM is to enable management to enhance the individual and collective contributions of people to the short and long term success of the enterprise. (Personnel Management Lead Body, 1993) The workplace is in a constant state of change resulting from ongoing developments in technology and innovation and increasing economic, social and political pressures. This poses new and complex challenges for the human resources function within organisations. (Hathorn, 2012: 3). In today’s competitive global business climate, companies looking to improve their gross margins and increase productivity are increasingly looking for ways to boost employee performance and effectiveness. People in an organization are considered to be one of the most valuable resources of today’s firms. Other resources such as brands, products, processes, technological advancement, economies of scale can still provide a competitive advantage but an organisation’s human capital are more vital for its sustainability. (David Leaser, 2008:1) To ensure that organization's employees are on par with the organization's goals and in tune with the industry trends, organisations train and develop their staff to ensuring optimal performances. Training and Development Training and management development programs help to improve employee...
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...classical and human relations approaches of management theory. One of the most important human activities is managing. Since the development of the first human civilizations managing has been essential to accomplish aims and objectives and ensure the coordination of individuals Olum (2004). Management is defined as the combination of the skills and talents of individuals concerned with getting things done through people by taking into account the resources for profitable activities Pettinger (1994). In the early twentieth century, Henry Fayol defined management as the process of “forecasting, planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating and controlling” Fayol (1949). Subsequently, Koontz and O’donell (1988) suggested the definition of management as “an operational process dissected by analyzing the managerial functions such as planning and organizing”. Over the last centuries management has been studied with the view of establishing what constitutes a successful manager Petinger (1994). The search for applicable principles of management initiated in the last years of nineteenth century in Europe and America Cole (2004). Like any other social practice, at the heart of management is theory that managers can deploy to achieve competition advantage and use more incisive interventions McAuley et al (2007). In addition the basic requirement of managers for meeting the challenges like competition, use of sources and maximum output is the knowledge of management theories Mahmoud and...
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...Introduction Psych 317 As humans, we are unique from animals in many ways. We have an internal guidance system called a conscience that allows us to think and act in a way close to our deepest values. We have an independent will that does not allow genetic influences or the environment to dictate our actions. We have an infinite creative imagination that allows us to create beyond our reality but perhaps the most uniquely human endowment we all possess is self-awareness. Self-awareness is the recognition of how we feel and how we behave. It also allows us to examine why we exist and ultimately, that we are going to die. While self-preservation is a characteristic to both humans and animals, the understanding of one’s own mortality is uniquely human. How do we, as humans, deal with the terror that is associated with this knowledge? According to Terror Management Theory (TMT), developed by Jeff Greenberg, Sheldon Solomon, and Tom Pyszczynski (1989), the need for “terror management” is a fundamental function possessed by humans and cultural systems. Based on the writings of anthropologist Ernest Becker and inspired by Freud’s work on how death provokes belief in mystical transcendence, TMT can provide explanations for a variety of human behaviors and relate them to the basic reason of why humans protect themselves from mortality awareness (Magdalena Smieja et al., 2006). The actuality that we are all going to die, one of the only certainties in life, is an...
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...HRM The evolution of human resource management as a distinct profession dates back to the industrial revolution when factories established personnel departments to look into wages and welfare of workers. * slide 1 of 5 To understand the evolution of Human Resource Management, one must first understand its basis. The origins of workforce management lies in the arrangements made for the welfare of apprentices working with the master craftsmen in the putting out system that prevailed during the medieval ages. The industrial revolution that led to the establishment of factories displaced the putting out system. The workers in the early factories faced long hours of works under extremely unhygienic conditions, and mostly lived in slums. This soon resulted in several labor riots, the most famous being Ludds riots of 1811 in Nottingham, England, precipitated by reduced wages. The government soon intervened to provide basic rights and protections for workers, and the need to comply with such statutory regulations forced factory owners to set up a formal mechanism to look into workers wages and welfare, and redress other issues concerning labor. This led to the emergence of Personnel Management as a distinct profession. * The Personnel Management Approach The Personnel Management approach that remained in vogue for much of the 20th Century remained administrative in nature. Arising out of the need to enforce statutory compliance, it concerned itself primarily with ...
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...Leadership and management and human resource management are important factors in the working of any organization. Each of them have certain theories or principles founded by various researchers and scholars. These theories have gained some criticisms over time. Under motivation there are two types of theories: content and process theories. Content theories include Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene theory. Process theories include equity theory and expectancy theory. The organizational example is that of a robotics’ manufacturing firm. Leadership and management includes trait theory of leadership, leader behavior theories which focuses on the Michigan Studies and The Ohio state studies and contingency theories of leadership which includes Fiedler’s Contingency theory and the |Path – Goal theory of leadership. This is followed by the fourteen principles of management. The organizational example is that of Continental |Airlines. Lastly, there are three models mentioned under human resource management, the Harvard model, the Michigan model and the Fombrun, Tichy and Devanna model. The organizational example is that of a laundry company called Kwik & Kleen. Table of contents Introduction ………………………………………………………………..Page 1 1. Motivation ………………………………………………………....Page 1 • Maslow’s Hierachy of Needs ……………………………………...Page 1 • Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene theory …………………………...Page...
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...trategy a nd H uman R esource Management: S etting t he S cene Ed van Sluijs & Frits Kluytmans MERIT Open University This article is based on a journey through the wilderness of strategic human resource management. Part 1 gives an overview of the recent literature on this topic, particularly pertaining to the two issues which received have most attention until now: the relational aspects and the content aspects. In part 2, we go deeper into the wilderness and explore the least known aspect of strategic human resource management, namely the process aspects. This exploration is based on the simultaneous study of the (scarce) literature and four cases. Finally, the connection between the three aspects is investigated. INTRODUCTION Increased integration between human resource management and business strategy is one of the most important demands that are placed upon modern strategic human resource management. In both the management and the academic literature, it is generally acknowledged that the strategic deployment and management of personnel can contribute to the success and continuity of the firm. Some go even further by stating that a firm’s human resources form the basis of the firm’s competitive advantage. In this view, the human resources are the most important assets of an organisation. At the same time, in addition to the importance of the human resources as such, it is believed to be important that the management of the human resources should be in perfect...
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...The human capital theory emphasises the need to educate and maintain the workers that an organisation has as they are assets to the company. The human capital is seen as a source of competitive advantage that it is in the theory and proper management of the human capital will lead to greater productivity and efficiency. ‘The educating of the workers is an investment which is equally worthwhile as that of capital.’(Woodhall, 1997) Beeker (1993) asserts that ‘education and healthcare are a key to improving human capital and thence increasing the economic outputs of a nation’. These factors are the ones stressed by the human capital theory and this shows that the human capital theory recognises the need to invest in human capital inorder to generate worthwhile returns. The human capital theory brings out the value that the workers have to an organisation and to increasing shareholder value to the company and thus authorities summaries the human capital theory as ``workers having a set of skills developed by educating and training that generates stock of productive capital``(Armstrong, 2009:238). The human capital theory helps improve and increase skill to the valued workers or human capital that the company has therefore showing the cognisance that the theory takes on investing in human capital as they generate worthwhile returns. The human capital theory encourages the creation of innovative ideas and products to gain advantage over other players in the market by educating and...
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...Name: Professor Name: Course/code: Date: Performance Management: Linking Rewards to Performance The goal of this project is to provide Human Resource Professionals with useful guidelines for developing and implementing performance management through rewards. Performance Management are the strategies and techniques that emphasizes on performance of employees as a way of achieving managerial goals and objectives (Murlis p.78). Performance management also refers to perfecting, harmonizing and promoting quality of employee work to ensure customers satisfaction thus leading to high return to stockholders. Performance management foster clarification of task and expectations, improvement of individual and organizational productivity and provides a basis for making employee-related decisions (Shippmann p.605). In conclusion Performance Management uses Human Resource strategies such as reward systems and performance Appraisal to motivate employees towards performance. Performance management can be viewed as a tool to improve on employee motivation for high performance (Cokins, p.58) With the view of finding out the impact of rewards I conducted an interview with the Human Resource Manager, Mr Brandon Jefferson of Coca Cola Kenya branch. Mr. Jefferson said that Coca Cola performance largely depends on employee inputs and outputs. He said that their employees are rewarded annually through intrinsic and extrinsic rewards. He noted that at the beginning of the year the company records...
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...Bachelor of Human resources Management of Tumaini University Makumira-Dar es salaam College. 2015 IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION ON ORGANISATION PERFORMANCE: (A CASE STUDY OF CASE STUDY OF COCACOLA KWANZA COMPANY DAR ES SALAAM TANZANIA) BY OMARI RAHA SHEDRACK Supervisor: Dr. J. Mwita A Research Proposal Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of Bachelor of Human resources Management of Tumaini University Makumira-Dar es salaam College. 2015 ABSTRACT The study aims at assessing the impact of employee motivation on organization performance so as to help the organization know the contribution of motivation to them. This study will be carried out at Coca-Cola Kwanza Company limited at Dar es Salaam Tanzania. The study have the objectives of assessing various motivational packages for the staff of Coca cola Company Limited, to determine which of these motivational packages influence staff performance at Coca Cola Kwanza Company Limited, to assess the effect of motivational packages on corporate performance at Coca Cola kwanza Company limited, and to examine the motivation strategies of motivating employees The study is expected to help employers to determine whether motivation packages enhance staff performance as well as the management to strategically maximize the human resource potentials of the organization in order to increase performance or productivity so as provide important information to policy makers and human resource...
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...e a n Business Strategy and Human Resource Management: Setting the Scene Ed van Sluijs & Frits Kluytmans MERIT Open University This article is based on a journey through the wilderness of strategic human resource management. Part 1 gives an overview of the recent literature on this topic, particularly pertaining to the two issues which received have most attention until now: the relational aspects and the content aspects. In part 2, we go deeper into the wilderness and explore the least known aspect of strategic human resource management, namely the process aspects. This exploration is based on the simultaneous study of the (scarce) literature and four cases. Finally, the connection between the three aspects is investigated. INTRODUCTION Increased integration between human resource management and business strategy is one of the most important demands that are placed upon modern strategic human resource management. In both the management and the academic literature, it is generally acknowledged that the strategic deployment and management of personnel can contribute to the success and continuity of the firm. Some go even further by stating that a firm’s human resources form the basis of the firm’s competitive advantage. In this view, the human resources are the most important assets of an organisation. At the same time, in addition to the importance of the human resources as such, it is believed to be important that the management of the human resources should be in perfect...
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...Global Journal of Human Resource Management Vol.3, No.3, pp.58-73, May 2015 Published by European Centre for Research Training and Development UK (www.eajournals.org) HISTORY, EVOLUTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT: A CONTEMPORARY PERSPECTIVE Kipkemboi Jacob Rotich1, Moi University, School of Human Resource Development, Department of Development Studies, P.o Box 3900-30100, Eldoret, Kenya. ABSTRACT: Various attempts have been made towards tracing the historical development of the discipline of Human Resource Management (HRM). However, these initiatives have largely been concentrated on certain specific periods of time and experiences of specific countries and regions such as Australia, the USA, the UK and Asia (Nankervis et.al, 2011; Kelly, 2003; Ogier, 2003). This paper attempts to document the entire history of the discipline of Human Resource Management from a holistic perspective. The evolution and development of HRM will be traced right from the pre-historic times through to the postmodern world. Major characteristics in the evolution and development of HRM will also be examined and documented. KEYWORDS: Human Resource Management (HRM), evolution, history INTRODUCTION Defining Human Resource Management (HRM) According to Armstrong (2006) Human Resource Management (HRM) is defined as a strategic and coherent approach to the management of an organization’s most valued assets – the people working there who individually and collectively...
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...Human resource management consists of all the activities undertaken by an enterprise to ensure the effective utilization of employees toward the attainment of individual, group, and organizational goals. It consists of practices that help the organization to deal effectively with its people during the various phases of the employment cycle, including pre-hire, staffing, and post-hire. Human resource has a historical background since ancient times. Traditional HR it separate functions such as staffing, training and development, compensation, safety and health, and labor relations were created and placed under the direction of human resource manager or executive. Large firms might have had a manager and staff for each HR function that reported to the HR executive. The HR president worked closely with top management in formulating corporate policy. Today, HR tasks are often performed differently than they were even decade ago. “As more and more companies use alternative means to accomplish HR tasks, the role of traditional HR manager has changed. HR is now involved more in strategic HR, focusing more on the bottom line of organization and leaving the more administrative tasks to technology or others”, Mondy, R., & Mondy, J. (2012). Human Resource Management, page 39. It has reached its peak in approach and structured practices. There has been a vast change in the implementation compared to system followed at earlier days. Although field of HRM is a comparatively recent...
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...- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Equity in Human Resource Management Introduction The effective Human Resource Management in an organization requires an exceptional standard set for motivation, job design, reward system and equity. Nowadays, people are more willing to avoid unfair treatment in the workplace than any other aspect. The fundamental concept behind Equity is an attempt to balance what has been put in and taken out at the workplace with a feeling of justice being served. Unconsciously, values are assigned to many various contributions made to the organization, hence causing an air of misbalance in the environment. There has always been a disparity in the view on the desirability or the cost effectiveness of policy measures. The importance of equity or reducing discrimination has gained a lot of attention in the labour market (Milkovich, Newman &ump; Ratnam, 2009). History The importance of Human Resource management is associated with the beginning of mankind. As the knowledge of survival had begun including safety, health, hunting and gathering, tribal leaders passed on the knowledge to their youth. However more advanced HRM functions were developed as early as 1000 B.C and 2000 B.C. Since the modern management theory took over, the working environment was transformed into a more friendly and safe work place. The workers were termed as most valuable resources. While some companies took the human side of employment seriously, there were others who did...
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...SWOT analysis: Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats in the external and internal environment. Define Management: Understand that management is a process of utilizing resources, efficiently and effectively, working with and through others, in a dynamic environment to achieve organizational objectives. If your company moved into the international arena what would you do to prepare your staff?: Global sourcing, exporting/importing, and licensing and franchising are the usual ways to begin. Strategic alliances, joint ventures, and wholly owned subsidiaries are direct investment strategies. Global Sourcing is the process of purchasing materials, manufacturing components, or locating business services around the world. What is an objective, and write one.: A specific statement of what you need to do to carry out a goal, with a deadline. Ex: Increase sales by 50% by December 25th 2013. The 8 Functions of management: 1) Organizing – Deciding on the human resources structure of the organization 2) Controlling – Comparing desired results with actual results and taking corrective action as needed 3) Motivating – Providing meaningful work and valued rewards to individuals pursuing collective objectives 4) Leading – Providing meaningful work and valued rewards to individuals pursuing collective objectives 5) Communicating – Deciding on the human resources structure...
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...Human resource management Table of Contents Introduction 3 Task 1 3 1.1 Distinguish between personnel management and human resource management (P1) 3 1.2 Assess the functions of human resource management of Tesco (P2) 4 1.3 Evaluate roles and responsibilities of the line mangers of Tesco (P3) 5 1.4 Analyze impact of the UK legal and regulatory framework on human resource management (P4) 5 Task 2 6 2.1 Analyze the reasons for human resource planning for Tesco (P5) 6 2.2 Outline the stages involved in planning Tesco’s HR recruitments (P6) 6 2.3 Compare the recruitment and selection process of Tesco and Toyota (P7) 8 2.4 Evaluate the effectiveness of recruitment and selection techniques of Tesco and Toyota (P8) 8 Task 3 9 3.1 Assess the link between motivational theory and reward (P9) 9 3.2 Evaluate the process of job evaluation and other factors determining pay (P10) 9 3.3 Assess the effectiveness of reward systems in two different work contexts (P11) 10 3.4 Examine methods that being used by businesses to monitor employee performance (P12) 11 Task 4 11 4.1 Identify the reasons for cessation of employment with Tesco (P13) 11 4.2 Describe employee exit procedures of Tesco and Toyota (P14) 12 4.3 Consider the impact of the UK regulatory framework on employee cessation agreements of Tesco (P15) 12 Conclusion 12 Reference 13 Introduction Human resource management is way of directing and executing the workforces of the organization in...
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