...The Human Memory Tracey Percifield American Intercontinental University Abstract Unit 4 IP The human mind is a fascinating instrument that is very complex and even though we know quite a lot about it we still do not know everything. The human memory has three phases of memory interpretation; Sensory Memory, Short-Term Memory and Long-Term Memory. Knowing how each of these memories store information is comparison to c computer. The average adult knows anywhere between 50,000 to 100, 00 words. The brain is incredible in protecting itself when injuries occur at times. The Human Memory The Father of Psychology begins with Sigmund Freud and his analysis of Psychoanalysis and the theories he introduced. Freud had many theories that caused controversy throughout his career but in today’s society they are accepted and his findings were true then as they are now without the controversy. In the unconscious mind we absorb many things from learning to traumatic events and information is stored, processed and in some ways affect our lives if we don’t resolve the issues at hand then we carry them with us and they still may affect us as we grow older (IEP, 2010). In 1968 two other Psychologist Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin develop a model of the human mind with the understanding how memory storage is taken in and processed and recalled for later usage. The model is referred to Atkinson-Shiffrin model and is explained as three phases of sensory, short-term and...
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...h e P r o g r e s s i v e P s y c h o l o g y H u m a n D e c l i n e ! Human development is pretty straightforward; people grow for a while, then die. Whats interesting though, is what happens within an individual as they grow, and begin to die. Just how kids are restrained, and kept from the world they desire. Research on this subject is typically broken up into nine sequential stages of ‘life,’ beginning with pre-natal development, and moving through infancy, the toddler state, early childhood, childhood, adolescence, early adulthood, middle age, and finally moving though observations in old age to gain a holistic scope of the human experience. Instead of approaching each topic in blind succession, this paper will demonstrate human development in a streaming, dynamic, more lifelike manner. ! Super-analytical research type folk start picking apart and studying, like lab-rats, human beings before they are even born. These pre-natal findings are compared along side average results to let the parenting humans know if their child to be will be ‘disabled’, ‘challenged’, a ‘failure to thrive’, or just ‘normal.’ Is it a good thing that we can look a wee bit into the future? Ever seen the movie GATTICA? If you have seen the movie, you’ll probably have a slight headache and swear never to watch it again, but you may also understand that a perverted future of scientifically/sociologically altered humans is to come. Not so much superhumans that can fly, etc. but a society that has weeded...
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..."Psychology is just sinful human beings sinfully thinking about sinful human beings." At one point in time the philosophers thought that anyone with maladaptive (not normal in societies views) behavior was evil. As we all know psychology is “the study of the human mind and the behavior” (Peter, 2012). It is not about sinful human beings sinfully thinking about human beings. I disagree because this statement is biased towards psychology. According to Merriam-Webster dictionary, “Sinful mean to be full of sin or guilty of something” (merriam-webster.com). The statement implies or suggests that the study of the “sinful” thoughts and actions of “sinful” people is in itself “sinful”. For instance, the sinful thought of making counterfeit money would be to study and master real money so you will be able to realize the difference. Anybody who tells you money is the root of all evil doesnt f—ing have any.” -Jim Young in: Boiler Room (2000) As the field has evolved it has given us insight in to the study of the brain much more and how chemical imbalances in the brain leads to psychological diagnoses which behavior problems are categorized under as diagnostic criteria. Can psychology and Christian counseling be integrated? I think psychology and Christian counseling should be integrated. While God’s Word is all encompassing, it also frequently references times when God imparted non-spiritual wisdom to others to bring his purposes to pass. Geometry and woodworking were necessary...
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...To what extent does biological psychology contribute to our understanding of human emotion? This essay will briefly consider some definitions and early theories of emotion. It will evaluate evidence from studies which suggests that biological psychology makes a major contribution to our understanding of human emotion. It will, however, acknowledge that there are limitations to the biological aspect of emotion, and that interaction with other areas of psychology including evolutionary, developmental, cognitive and social must also be considered. Finally, it will include ways in which this knowledge can be applied. Watson (1924, cited in Plutchik 1994, p 3) suggests ‘An emotion is a hereditary pattern-reaction involving profound changes of the bodily mechanisms….’ McLean (1963, cited in Plutchik 1994, p3) suggests ‘Emotional feelings guide our behaviour with respect to the two basic life principles of self-preservation and the preservation of the species.’ Arguably, these definitions allude to evolutionary nature and innateness of emotion, but the former refers also to physiological changes. Plutchik (1994) highlights some confusion over what qualifies as an emotion, and suggests that emotions are goal orientated: - emotion fear – goal escape. Lewis, Sullivan, Stanger and Weiss (1989, cited in Slater & Muir, 1999) distinguish between the primary emotions of joy, fear, anger, sadness, disgust and surprise, found in babies, and the secondary emotions of embarrassment...
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...Discussion on how theory and research in health psychology has been helpful or unhelpful in addressing human problems. Areas important in health psychology involve studies of behaviour which courses illness and also a way to try motivate individuals to leave healthy with the influence from hospitals and care professionals in the society. ‘Health psychology is the aggregate of the specific educational, scientific and professional contribution of the discipline of psychology to the promotion and maintenance of health, the prevention and treatment of illnesses’ Matarazzo (1980). As health psychology is widely related to health the definition of healthy is by the World Health Organization (WHO) 1948 saying that health is ‘the state of complete physical, social and spiritual well-being, not simply the absences of illnesses’. As psychology is the science of behaviour and change; psychologists have helped to influence change in people’s life. As health psychology is interested mainly in health and health maintenance rather than on diseases and disease prevention. It was found in the 1970s when many countries (western) began to suffer from diseases and death in result to declining expenditures, to resolve the situation health promotion strategies were introduced. As there are many factors that courses diseases for example smoking which leads to diseases like cardiovascular disease, to investigate the relationship between health behaviours, health and disease outcomes studies would...
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...The Psychology of Hate: How We Deny Human Beings Their Humanity This world cannot coexist with terrorism. Be it hijackings, bombings, hostage crises or sieges, terrorism has become a dark form of hatred in our decaying world; this petrifying presence of violence is one of the most distinctive challenges that our civilization has yet to solve. All of these violent acts of terrorism stem from manifestations of hatred and intolerance of those who are different from us; it fractures societies at a fundamental level, which results in constant turmoil and upheaval. Innocent lives are being lost and it is inexcusable. The phenomenon of such radical violence must be fully ridden if we wish to create a united world where we can all harmonize with one another. Nevertheless, it all begins with hatred; an emotion of intense hostility and animosity. With adverse consequences, hate is generally attributed to an extreme desire to ultimately remove or destroy the neglected object. Numerous psychologists have speculated complex theories to what they merely call, “the psychology of hate”. Unlike many emotions, hatred is an exclusively learned feeling; human beings are not born to imperatively hate random entities, yet it has become one of the most common reoccurring sensations among our life experience. Feelings of extreme hostility and prejudice are now a common reflex for those who we regard to be different than us; these differences tend to be racial, religious, economical or cultural...
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...Approaches to Psychology and Christianity allowed me to understand the past occurrences of psychology and theology. The book displayed the religion and confidence that psychology and Christianity should combine for it to possess a higher understanding and permitting the client a higher probability of healing. So as to do this there should be an entire understanding of every element in and of itself. Entwistle’s (2010) book presented all the facts from history as it has formed society these days. As he mentioned these historic events, it shows simply how the knowledge today may be a reflection or reaction of what happened then. Christianity has invariably had an enormous impact on world history and the way the planet is viewed. The author makes it clear that God offers humans reality and honesty in His Word. When consideration of his works is given his Word has begun to demonstrate an impact on the planet. The Word of God is the Bible that God created as a guide to living life in the way that God designed to be the best for humankind. Theology and Psychology do not appear to be to be compatible however they are similar when it involves the appreciation and comprehension that enables a person's life to be meaningful. The planet is filled with individuals that have many abilities to share. God created us in his image therefore that makes each of us distinctive in our own sense. We all have things of our own to share and contribute to the world around us. Theology and Psychology are earnestly...
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...Environmental Psychology Environmental psychology is the study of the environment’s affect on humans as well as the effect humans have on the environment (Clayton & Myers, 2009). The theories of evolutionary psychology and biophilia seek to explain the extremely complex relationship between humans and their natural environment. Environmental research within this discipline has obtained empirical evidence, which proves helpful in establishing guidelines by which humans can begin to fully understand their role in protecting and sustaining nature as nature, in turn, sustains survival for humans. According to Clayton and Myers (2009), environmental psychology is “a specialty within psychology that studies the reciprocal influences of people and their environments, characterized by both systematic theory and a concern for practical application” (p. 209). The goal of environmental psychology is to create a mutually beneficial relationship between people and their environment while recognizing the reciprocal influence each has on the other. Because of the codependent nature of this relationship with the environment providing humans with resources for survival such as food, water, and shelter, it is imperative for humans to cultivate and protect their natural environment (Clayton & Myers, 2009). Theoretical Approaches to Environmental Psychology Biophilia Biophilia suggests that humans have an innate connection with other living systems within their natural environment,...
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...4-MAT Review of Integration of Psychology and Christianity by David N. Entwistle Integrative Approaches to Psychology and Christianity by David N. Entwistle (2010) encompasses some enlightening information about the history and path of theology and psychology coming together for Christian counseling. Entwistle suggests the two are in conflict with each other. This conflict is created due to one (theology) being grounded on faith and the other (psychology) built on truth. Throughout the next 13 chapters, the author builds on his remark, “The interaction of psychology and theology is virtually inevitable due to their mutual interest in understanding the ambiguities and mysteries of human behavior, and healing human brokenness.” (Entwistle, 2010). Summary The first section develops a historical context of spiritual integration. Entwistle offers references to Augustine, the Middle Ages, and medieval Scholasticism prior to transitioning into a history of psychology. The author quickly answers the infamous question, “What indeed has Athens to do with Jerusalem?” (Entwistle, 2010). He offers wherever and however truth is found, it is God’s truth. This being his primary presupposition that “All truth is God’s truth.” Building on truth, Entwistle suggests a person’s world view determines how they view the truth in their lives. He also suggests this world view is something learned by our family, experiences, religion and education, not something that is chosen. Our world view ultimately...
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...Approaches to Psychology and Christianity allowed me to comprehend fully the past occurrences of psychology and theology. The book displayed the faith and confidence that both psychology and Christianity must be combined in order for it to have a better understanding and allowing the client a better chance of healing. In order to do this there must be a complete understanding of each component in and of itself. Entwistle’s (2010) book presented all the facts from history as it has shaped society today (pp. 18-34). As he discussed these historic events, it shows just how the wisdom that is held today is a reflection or reaction of what happened then. Christianity has always had a huge impact on world history and how the world is viewed. Entwistle makes known that God gives humans reality and honesty in His Word. Upon consideration of His works His Word has began to have an effect on the world. The Word of God comes from the Bible in which He created for humankind to read, follow and apply to their lives and from the His Word they will experience His power. Theology and Psychology are not meant to be compatible but they are very much similar when it comes to the appreciation and comprehension that allows someone’s life to be meaningful. The world is full of people that have many talents to share. Humans were created in His image so that makes each unique in their own sense. Each human being has things to share and contribute to the world. Theology and Psychology are earnestly...
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...testing is a world wide argument. Many people believe it is cruel and inhumane, others agree it is the best way to get fast results. This is a very controversial topic, especially in psychology. Psychologist do research to learn about behavior and how knowledge of behavior can be used to advance the welfare of people and animals. Overall, animal testing is right because it not only saves human lives, but animals as well, contributes to many life saving cures and lastly animals have shorter life cycles so it speeds up the result process. People think animal testing only benefits us, but it is widely used to save animals all around the world. Because when animals get sick we don't always know or understand why. So what could be better to learn about a rat or chimpanzee than testing on one? Animal researchers have reestablished populations of endangered and threatened species. They did this by...
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...Environmental Psychology Environmental psychology is when we think about how our environment impacts each and every one of us on a daily basis. This is the interrelationship between humans and our environment and how it can impact us in our daily activities and modify out behavior. According to (Steg, L.), “We define environmental psychology as the discipline that studies the interplay between individuals and their built and natural environment.” This form of psychology may seem insignificant, but it is a very import field because a drastic change in a person can be predetermined by the environment that they are submitted to. An individual can be influence or affected by their environment be either a positive or negative way without even realizing it. Everyday there many new things that individuals may do that can impact their behavior and much of it may be influenced by their environment. For examples, peer pressure and a teenager. There are so many factors that can increase a young person’s life and may influence their mood and behavior. Such as being in a class that they do not like, dealing with a loss of a loved one and not knowing how to cope with it, the biggest concern is drugs. From personal experience and growing up in the 80’s in Miami it is a completely different ball in today’s era. The drugs and influences that these young people face every day in their environment will make any parent squirm with fear. So this form of environment will not affect...
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...the counselee must overcome to experience true freedom, which is only found in Christ. Introduction Religion and psychology have often been viewed as incompatible. However, Christian counseling attempts to integrate the two in a meaningful fashion, so that clients are healed from their personal traumas while they become spiritually reborn in their connection to Christ. According to Dr. Neil T. Anderson's (2003) Discipleship counseling, God is the unspoken presence within every counseling relationship. The counselor does not have to consciously and constantly invoke God, and may choose not to do so because of the immediate needs or personality of the patient. But the sense that there is a higher power that is bigger than the self is always present. The therapist must realize that he or she is not God and do the work of the creator; he is merely a facilitator, she is merely a guide (Anderson 2003: 98). Through an integrated approach to religion and counseling, the client can let go of past bitterness, heal ancestral relationships, and become a new person in Christ. Integrating theology and psychology Anderson likens the human psyche to a computer that has been designed to be used in a particular way by its creators. God created human beings to...
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...Biblical Worldview Introduction Christian psychology and Christian counseling may appear contradictory at first. They take into account various perspectives of counseling to include biblical principles and modern psychology or the so-called secular psychology. Humanistic psychology believers have stated that mankind is the highest standard of all morality and truth. They, therefore, reject faith, the bible, and the supernatural. Christian psychology is man’s way of understanding and repairing their spiritual side synonymously with their real world issue. If we stayed true to the real meaning of psychology, for example in Greek, the word psyche means the study of man’s soul. It is only Christianity that has a clear insight of the spiritual realm. Example one The term healing means bringing the person into a proper relationship with the mental, spiritual and physical laws of God. Humans are formed in the image of God (Genesis 1:27), and must, therefore, recognize the significance of spiritual healing. As a counselor, it is important to note that God is a person; this teaching is well inculcated into Christianity. Our very own personhood is related to God’s personhood. It will help me to change how I think of other human persons, get a proper understanding of what it means to be human and my thoughts on personhood. To properly understand human personhood, I must note that God himself is the premier person; he is the chief and first exemplar of personhood. Understanding God...
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...CAT 1990 Actual Paper Section – 1 Questions 1 to 5 : Each of the following questions has one or more blank spaces indicating where a word / words has been left out. Following each sentence, four words or sets of words lettered a to d have been given. You have to select the appropriate word or set of words to make the sentence most meaningful. 1. The __________, those cellular bodies which contain the __________ particles, the genes, provide us with basic facts of genetic transmission. (a) protoplasm, microscopic (b) globules, fat (c) cytoplasm, minute (d) chromosomes, hereditary 2. The insurance claim was __________ by the relevant documents (a) sustained (b) backed out (c) backed up (d) proved 3. I should not have __________ to talk in such a __________ strain especially when I had not studied the man to whom I was talking. (a) daring, commanding (b) try, bold (c) ventured, peremptory (d) emboldened, reckless 4. High prices are often the __________ of __________ of goods (a) accompaniment, dearth (b) concomitant, scarcity (c) cause, destitution (d) result, glut 5. The recent disturbances in the country will __________ and peace will be restored. (a) blow past (b) blow over (c) pass through (d) come to pass Questions 6 to 10: Choose from among the given alternatives the one which will be a suitable substitute for the underlined expression in each of the following. 6. The marriage of the princess with the commoner...
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