... Hybridization • Hybridization: mating between different species or two genetically distinct populations that produces offspring, regardless of fertility of offspring Golden- and Blue-Winged Warblers Golden wingedwarbler Blue wingedwarbler Hybrid (Brewster’s Warbler) Golden- and Blue-Winged Warblers Introgression • Introgression: the incorporation of genes from one population or species to another through hybridization that results in fertile offspring that further hybridize with parental populations or species (“backcross” ) • Over several generations, introgression can result in a complex mixture of parental genes, while in simple hybridization 50% of genes will come from each of the two parental species. • Without introgression, the parental species or populations are not “contaminated” by hybridization Levels of Hybridization Population or Species A Population or Species B F1 Hybrid Backcross (1st generation) Introgression F2 Hybrid (2nd generation) Backcross Hybrid Zones • Hybrid zones are often observed in nature… Species A Species B Hybrid Zone • How are hybrid zones maintained? – Hybrids may be less fit than parental taxa and selected against, but dispersal into the zone maintains a narrow band of F1’s – Hybrids may be more fit than parental taxa in habitats that are intermediate to parental taxas’ native habitat Hybridization and Conservation • Human-caused habitat changes have resulted in distribution changes and expansions for many species • Species...
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...4 Advanced Automobile Concepts Case Objective This case item requires students to identify the proper associative analysis, run it with SPSS, and interpret the findings with respect to implications for integrated case, Advanced Automobile Concepts SPSS dataset. Answers to Case Questions 1. Use each unique hybrid model demographic profile to determine whether or not statistically significant associations exist, and if they do, recommend the specific media vehicles for radio, newspaper, television, and magazines. This exercise requires students to revisit the demographic groups they found significantly different for each hybrid model style in Case 17.3. With Case 17.3, they have identified groups within the various demographic variables that characterize each hybrid model’s target market. Here, they must determine the media preferences of those groups. So, they must run crosstabs for the demographic variables and the media preferences for each vehicle. If they find a statistically significant association, they then must look at the percentages tables to determine the media vehicles that are preferred by the hybrid model target groups. Since each hybrid model has a different set of target demographic groups, we only report the significant crosstabulations. Also, the SPSS output is too large to include here, so we have created column percentage tables and used bold font to identify the preferences of each group. For radio, the significant (95% level of confidence)...
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...Organism Physiology Paper Tigers are the biggest of cats and arguably the deadliest of land predators. Solitary animals, an existence of unmatched superiority is shown in their every stride. Living in forested areas, they have adapted to hunt large animals by virtue of their size, power, and stealth among many other attributes. Hunting from birth Like all other cats, tigers show hunting behaviors early on in playing and interacting with their environment. Even the simple action of a kitten batting at a string displays the natural hunting skills of all cats. All cats also practice stealth in sneaking up on potential targets and pouncing from short distances. The difference with tigers is their incredible size and power even early on in development. Size Evolutionarily speaking, a bigger cat will be more successful in taking down a large animal like a buffalo then will a smaller cat. Natural selection has produced a very powerful animal that can reach a weight of 660 lbs. and a length of 10.9 feet (Sea World, 2012). Tigers can run up to 35 miles per hour, leap up to 20 feet horizontally, and up to 6 feet vertically (Tiger Territory, 2001, Gigantic Leaps). Coupled with sharp teeth and claws, there is no disputing the killing potential in this deadly creature. But often overlooked are the other tools at the Tigers disposal. Senses In the category of senses, a tiger does not differ much from an ordinary house cat. Heightened hearing, smell, and a visual advantage are all traits...
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...through critical management tasks. These performance measures include productivity, capacity, quality, speed of delivery, flexibility, and process velocity. Process analysis can be defined by several important characteristics of processes. Most processes use process flowcharting to represent major elements of a process that include tasks or operations, flows of materials or customers, decision points, and storage areas. Process flowcharting is the ideal methodology to begin analyzing a process. There are many types of process that a manager can use in order to gauge their organization’s performance. The hybrid process is the most common encountered today which consist of multiple stages to produce required goods and services. Within this multistage process many different types of processes can exist at each stage which is why this is a hybrid process. Process analysis can be multiple-stage processes organizations use to measure performance. Multistage processes buffers or storage areas exist between manufacturing activities. Other types of processes are The Make-to-Stock versus Make-to-Order process and the Modularization process. The Make-to-Stock versus Make-to-Order process is only activated in response to an actual order or to meet an expected or forecast demand. These...
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...several years due to its long-legged grace and unique coat of African Serval. Preview: Today, I would like to tell you a little bit more about Savannah cats. First, I will give you a brief history on how and when Savannah breed was introduced. Then I will tell you about the key characteristics of Savannah cat, and, lastly, I will give you some details on where and for how much you can buy a Savannah cat. Main Points: Transition 1: So now I will start with the brief history of Savannah cats. According to Steve Clark, the author of “The owners guide to proper care and training of Savannah Cats”, Judy Frank is recognized as the individual who introduced the first Savannah kittens to the world. * April 7, 1986 – The first litter of hybrid kittens born. * Patrick Kelly bought one of the kittens in 1989. * Partnership with Joyce Sroufe to get TICA recognition * Joyce Sroufe – first person to show a Savannah to the public. New York cat show, 1997 * Acceptance for registration with TICA in 2001. * Championship status – January 29,2012 Transition 2: So next I will talk about the key characteristic of Savannah cats. * 5 main generations – refers to how close the Savannah is to its Serval ancestor * F1,F2,F3 - high Serval percent, should not be considered as pets...
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...in the professions of your interest. Assignment: To interview for information two different people working in careers you like. Next, write a hybrid-essay and thank you letter for each interview. Directions for preparing, interviewing and writing your hybrid essay and thank you letter are listed in A - F. Read pages 75-77 in Magical Quest for an overview about informational interviews. The due dates for each interview are listed in your Course Assignments document. NOTE: Interviews with immediate family members, bosses at work, or other non-serious options will not be accepted. The career of the person you select should be a strong possibility and with an income of at least 40K per year. Also the interview needs to be completed in person (not through the internet). A. Complete these steps for your assignment: 1. Interview someone in a career you might like. Choose a career you are really interested in, not someone who will just be easy to find and that you’re not so interested in. You will complete a total of two interviews with two different people. 2. Conduct the interview at the place of employment. 3. For each interview prepare a hybrid essay and thank you letter using the directions listed for the hybrid essay under C. 4. Send your thank you letter to your interviewee (for each interview). 5. Submit your hybrid essay and thank you letter in a Word document by each due date. B. Ask these questions when conducting your interview: 1. What are your job...
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...Under the functional structure, the organization is in more of a "team" structure. For example, the company would be structured into departments such as the finance department or compliance department. This type of structure is great for those companies that are smaller in size, perhaps less than 100 employees because it relies heavily on the knowledge of all employees (Writing, 2012). With that said, sometimes having a functional structure will keep departments from communicating with the other departments because each team has a specific function. Companies with a functional structure may find themselves spending time working with the employees to “drop the communicative walls”. Medtronic, a pharmaceutical company, for example, uses a functional structure combined with a top-down approach (Kimes, 2009). In a product structure, the company is divided based on the product that the division is producing. For example, a company that produces cars may have an engine division and a transmission division because it is product-based. While the product segmentation has similar drawbacks to the functional structure, there are significantly more restrictions. A company in a product type set up is not leveraging their employees in the fullest extent; think of this as a company with “walls” up, the employees do not leave their division or “walls”; therefore, they are not taking advantage of all the employees’ knowledge. 3M – another pharmaceutical company – is product based company...
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...communicating online the company’s products and service opportunities and a hybrid plan that still takes traditional channels into account. A marketing plan follows the company’s business or strategic plan, which is focused on meeting the following two things: 1. The quantitative goals, such as revenue and market share reach 2. The qualitative goals, such as brand awareness and community goodwill This week, detail the promotional plan by defining the following: • What is the overall marketing message for your promotional plan? • Prepare 2 advertisements for cross-selling between traditional and digital options. The following are examples: o A magazine ad that promotes the company’s Web site o A banner ad that advertises the company’s Web site • Develop a 1-year media calendar focusing on a traditional and online hybrid of 4 media platforms. Your Key Assignment draft will organize the plan based on the research you have done during Weeks 1–3. Next, as you prepare the plan draft, outline the information to be included in the following sections: • What is the overall marketing message for your promotional plan? • Prepare 2 advertisements for cross-selling between traditional and digital options. Examples include the following: o A magazine ad that promotes the company’s Web site o A banner ad that advertises the company’s Web site • Develop a 1-year media calendar focusing on a traditional and online hybrid of 4 media platforms. Students will prepare the marketing plan draft...
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...planning, role of CPA, 7-S model, performance management, reward systems, information systems, managing teams, managing culture, managing across cultures, organisational design, managing the politics of strategy implementation. • Leading the implementation, importance of leader, style, transformational leadership, role of leader in ( thinking, analysis, direction, development and implementing) • Overcome resistance. • Future challenges, pace of change, globalisation and technology. -Review • Ongoing the dynamic process to implement strategy, constant planning and monitoring and adjustment. • Flexible and adaptive, comfortable with ambiguity and complexity, remember strategy planning is a routine, not a one off. • Wildly used method for the implementation, 7 S and eight S model. They set out the key variables that must all be managed and aligned. • Balance scored card as a key performance management tool. • Reward and information system etc. • Techniques for developing a strategy supportive culture, and advantages of strong culture. • Global focus, for cross culture issue, must understand a culture before entering. Globalization brings the ease of moving professionals. • Most organisation use a hybrid form. • Political nature of organisations. • Role of leadership, initial thinking to implementation, they are required to initiate and drive the process, as well as set the parameters....
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...the company's Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and executive team. It provides overall direction to the whole enterprise. An organization’s strategy must be appropriate for its resources, circumstances, and objectives. The process involves matching the companies' strategic advantages to the business environment the organization faces. One objective of an overall corporate strategy is to put the organization into a position to carry out its mission effectively and efficiently. A good corporate strategy should integrate an organization’s goals, policies, and action sequences (tactics) into a cohesive whole. To see how strategic management relates to other forms of management, see management. What Is Strategic Management? Strategic management is the art of managing employees in a way that maximizes the potential of achieving your business objectives. • Communicate short-term strategy goals to employees and then manage employees in a way that holds them accountable for achieving strategic goals. Long-Term Strategies Short-term strategizing is essential, but alone it is simply not enough to help you meet your goals in business. To realize your long-term goals, you also need to develop long-term strategies, i.e. strategies covering a time span of one to five years. Even though long-term strategies are less detailed than short-term strategies, they provide a road map that will guide you in your quest to achieve your goals and create a set of parameters that informs your short-term...
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...of the business that cannot use traditional method to benefit it’s organization. The ability to manage cost require financial data in a relevant form. Strategies Super Bakery Inc is a virtual corporation. This means that the company is composed of several different businesses. There is a central organization that outsources, production, selling, and shipping. The actual Super Bakery Inc core structure strategize and utilize outsourcing which minimize long-term cost of building, machinery, employees. This strategy minimize cost, but require commitment to the business for product. The disadvantage of this strategy is control inside the outsourced building. The issue with traditional cost methods. The use of activity based cost accounting (ABC) allows for control necessary to manage the organization cost and determine different outsourcing and customer strategies. ABC separates cost by drivers activity cost pools and product (Kimmel & Kieso, 2007). This method was necessary due to multiple venues, and allowed for better accounting practices. Though cost of this method is higher it allows for appropriate research. The organization chose to not invest into bakeries and this strategy is less cost in manufacturing, but is costly in accounting. Based on the data this is the best method of choice in their business strategy. The company chose to not produce the product which has many advantages of cost, but disadvantages in control. The company invested in ABC accounting to measure...
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...Distribution Plan and Promotions Strategy In determining my distribution strategy, I have decided that I would leverage by using stores in different regions, however, the stores would have to accomplish the same strategy but for the demographics within it. Although selling online is a good option, I highly believe that my product would not leverage well. I’d hire a sales team that is exceptional at selling directly to suppliers as well as door-to-door. Having face-to-face contact with an “expert” of the product or service is great, because not everyone has access to the web. I recommend low cost provider strategy. This strategy helps strive to achieve lover overall costs and then using that low cost advantage to attract a wide range of buyers with a lower priced product offering than that of my competitor(s). I’d also seek focused strategy based on low costs, because this will allow me to concentrate on a narrow buyer segment and beating my rivals by having lower costs, this being in position to win buyer favor by means of a lower priced product offering. Lastly, best cost provider strategy. I am reaching to strive to achieve a competitive advantage over my competition by developing the capability to incorporate upscale product attributes at a lower cost than that of my rivals. It allows my company the ability to give customers more value for their money by underpricing rivals whose products have similar attributes. Best cost provider strategy is a hybrid strategy that blends elements...
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...A decision to shift the United States strategy away from an American hegemony and toward a concert-balance strategy is thought provoking and needs serious consideration. Dr. Porter lays out a strong case for this change. When viewing current world affairs and ruling powers in emerging states, the United States can no longer be the sole first responder in the world. America needs to shift its strategic thinking, however, not necessarily to the degree of retrenchment described as hemispheric pullback or offshore balancing or worse pure isolationalism.1 These less expensive strategies might appear to be more attractive and palatable to the America, however they may be more detrimental. The level of withdrawal required could be viewed as the United States is abandoning its allies and with it destroying our credibility. A move to an over-the-horizon balancer may be a better alternative type of concert-balance strategy with today’s world political landscape. The growing multipolarity of the world political entities has to be taken into consideration in a shift in America’s strategic posture. The continued economic and military growth in China, the military reemergence of Russia and continual posturing of Iran helps advance the argument for a shift to a concert-balance strategy, with an emphasis on an over-the-horizon form. Countries like Germany, India, and Japan should be leveraged to allow them to emerge as regional balancers. Furthering these alliances regionally would...
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...MMPBL/530 Human Capital Concepts Worksheet Assignment Week 1 The first week’s assignment focuses on creating a worksheet you can use in planning to gain knowledge about key course concepts and to recognize application of those concepts in the real world. The assignment has three purposes: (A) identify at least five key theoretical concepts from this week’s readings, (B) relate each key concept to its application in an organizational setting, and (C) communicate well-researched information clearly, concisely, and in an organized manner. Read the InterClean, Inc. scenario to identify examples of five or more key course concepts. Remember that the mind map is a source of these concepts. Then, read the assigned text materials to develop knowledge about the concepts. You may also wish to research these concepts through database searches in the University Library. This additional research will help expand your understanding of the text materials. By completing the worksheet following the title page, you can begin to develop your research and written communication skills. The example below is from the MBA/500 course using the USAuto scenario. This example can be useful to understanding the assignment’s requirements. Please note that in describing the application of the concept, the worksheet should not contain simple one-word or even one-sentence answers; it should adequately demonstrate, in short paragraphs, careful study of the situations presented in the scenario...
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...Strategy defined What is strategy? The Oxford Dictionary describe strategy as A plan of action designed to achieve a long-term goal or overall aim; or the art of planning and directing overall military operations and movements in a war or battle; It is derived from the Greek word “stratégia” that means generalship (Oxford dictionary. 2015). A company’s strategy consist of the competitive moves and business approaches that managers are employing to grow the business, attract and please customers, compete successfully , conduct operations and achieve the targeted levels of organizational performance (Hough et al. 2008:4). Strategy is all about how the anticipated goals will be achieved. It works like a recipe where different elements are used in a more or lesser manner to achieve an end result. In an organisation the leader ensures all members are heading in the right direction and completing their goals and objectives. Organisations lacking leadership quickly implode as members scatter in all directions attempting to achieve conflicting goals in a silo-orientated environment. However, this can be overcome if leaders communicate and execute business strategies. A business strategy is a leadership plan that achieves a specific set of goals or objectives such as: * Developing new products or services. * Entering new markets. * Increasing customer loyalty. * Attracting new customers. * Increasing sales. * Decreasing costs. (Baltzan, 2013:16) Leaders also...
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