...Hydraulic Fracturing Does More Bad than Good Oil is a very important asset in life today. Everyone needs oil for one thing or another, especially transportation. Generally, the United States imports most of its oil from foreign countries for American use, however, in order to limit how much America relies on foreign oil, hydraulic fracturing is used. Hydraulic fracturing sounds like it would solve a lot of problems for the United States. Having a supply of oil for its own citizens rather than importing oil from foreign countries sounds like a convenience, but hydraulic fracturing is not safe for people, wildlife or the environment. There are several steps in the fracking process. Hydraulic fracturing, otherwise known as fracking, forces open fissures in subterranean rocks by introducing liquid at high pressure to extract oil or gas and there are more than 500,000 active natural gas wells in the U.S. (dangersoffracking.com). Each and every gas well requires at least 400 tanker trucks to carry water and supplies to and from each site and it takes 1-8 million gallons of water to complete just one fracturing job alone (dangersoffracking.com). After the water is brought in to the site, it is then mixed with chemicals and sand to create the fracking fluid. Nearly 40,000 gallons of chemicals are used per fracturing, some of which include lead, mercury, radium, and formaldehyde (dangersoffracking.com). After the fracking fluid is made, it is then injected into the ground at a high...
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...raised by hydraulic fracturing There are a couple very important legal issues raised by hydraulic fracturing. One important issue that seems to be all people are talking about is that fracking pollutes underground sources. Our underground water sources are essential because they supply us drinking water. Another legal issue is the chemicals used for fracking. Up to 600 chemicals are being injected in to the ground. According to an article Hydraulic fracturing 101, 20% to 85%of fracking fluid is left underground. Many of these chemicals are well known such as lead, mercury, radium, and formaldehyde. State the primary environmental issues raised by hydraulic fracturing An environmental issue that bothers me is waste fluid. After the fracking process waste fluid, which consists of many chemicals, is left in open pits to evaporate. During its time evaporating is releases harmful volatile organic compounds in to our air. This causes acid rain, damage to the ozone, and hazardous air. State what part hydraulic fracturing plays or will play in meeting U.S. energy needs The U.S. is producing more natural gas than ever before. With the U.S. supplying 21%of natural gas it makes it more affordable for us. Using our own gas at about 51 trillion cubic feet would last the U.S. needs for about 2 years. If the United States fully provides gas to itself we would no longer be dependent on foreign oil. Reference: http://www.arcticgas.gov/sites/default/files/documents/hydraulic-fracturing-and-safe-drinking-water-act-issues...
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...Hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, is a well stimulation process used to obtain natural resources from underground geological formations. Although used in several different applications, including the extraction of oil and geothermal energy, hydraulic fracturing in natural gas production from shale formations has recently taken center stage. It is estimated that shale gas will comprise over 20% of the total U.S. gas supply by 2020 (Energy Information Administration, 2009). As hydraulic fracturing has expanded, the public, media, and Congress have expressed rising concerns about the practice. Allegations of natural gas entering private water supplies, well explosions, and polluted streams have sparked controversy about fracking. In response, Congress directed the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in fiscal year 2010 to study hydraulic fracturing and its potential impacts on drinking water. The goal of this study is to determine whether hydraulic fracturing endangers drinking water and, if so, how these risks can be mitigated. The results of the study, expected by the end of 2012, will help inform EPA‟s regulatory response to hydraulic fracturing. However, given the urgency of fracking concerns, some members of both the public and the government have called for EPA to regulate or halt hydraulic fracturing now. Thus, EPA must consider the policy options available to address these concerns. This report has multiple objectives: to provide background on hydraulic fracturing,...
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...Legal Issues In Hydraulic Faulting Jesus Flores DeVry University Prof. Hostetler Abstract This paper is a report which primarily focuses on legal and environmental issues raised by hydraulic faulting. It will be able to distinguish state and federal laws and regulations. It will help to understand the place of hydraulic faulting of oil and gas. It will form and state my own opinion on what hydraulic fracturing laws and regulations should be put in place. It will also discuss the place of hydraulic fracturing of oil and gas in meeting US energy needs. Table of Contents Body of the Report 3 Summary or Conclusion 6 References 7 Legal Issues in Hydraulic Faulting Body of the Report Hydraulic fracturing is the procedure of creating fractures in rocks and the rock formation which is done by injecting a mixture of sand and water into the cracks which allows forcing underground to open further. The larger fissures allow more oil and gas to flow out of the formation and into the well bore from where it can be extracted. The first use of hydraulic fracturing was in 1947 but there was one more modern technique called horizontal slick water flacking which makes the extraction of shale gas economical and was first used in 1998. This energy forms the injection of highly pressurized fluids which creates new channels in the rocks by which extraction rates increases and it ultimately recovers all the hydro carbons. Hydraulic fracturing performs and enables...
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...raised by hydraulic fracturing There are a couple very important legal issues raised by hydraulic fracturing. One important issue that seems to be all people are talking about is that fracking pollutes underground sources. Our underground water sources are essential because they supply us drinking water. Another legal issue is the chemicals used for fracking. Up to 600 chemicals are being injected in to the ground. According to an article Hydraulic fracturing 101, 20% to 85%of fracking fluid is left underground. Many of these chemicals are well known such as lead, mercury, radium, and formaldehyde. State the primary environmental issues raised by hydraulic fracturing An environmental issue that bothers me is waste fluid. After the fracking process waste fluid, which consists of many chemicals, is left in open pits to evaporate. During its time evaporating is releases harmful volatile organic compounds in to our air. This causes acid rain, damage to the ozone, and hazardous air. State what part hydraulic fracturing plays or will play in meeting U.S. energy needs The U.S. is producing more natural gas than ever before. With the U.S. supplying 21%of natural gas it makes it more affordable for us. Using our own gas at about 51 trillion cubic feet would last the U.S. needs for about 2 years. If the United States fully provides gas to itself we would no longer be dependent on foreign oil. Reference: http://www.arcticgas.gov/sites/default/files/documents/hydraulic-fracturing-and-safe-drinking-water-act-issues...
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...Hydrofracking Edwin R. Visser POL/215 July 15, 2015 Tim Buchanan Hydrofracking Hydraulic fracturing or better known as “hydrofracking” (also commonly referred to as simply fracking) has been around since the late 1940’s. According to "Coloradans For Responsible Energy Development" (2014), "more than two million wells have been fracked to date in the U.S.” (Top 10 Fracking Facts). Fracking is a controversial topic with a broad range audience. Governments, Agencies, the general public, and not to mention the Media have endless discussions about the good, the bad, and the ugly of this mostly misunderstood topic. Hydrofracking is used to release natural gas from underground shale formations. One of the biggest and most controversial shale formations is the Marcellus Shale. Onshore Natural gas and oil production is carried out by private companies; however government regulation is critical. State governments are the primary regulators of these activities. Therefore, minimum uniform regulation exists nationwide. Supporters of fracking believe that State regulations already in place are more than sufficient to protect the public and natural resources, especially the precious water supply. Supporters also believe that further EPA regulations “could hurt the industry and the economy” (Hydrofracking). Elizabeth Jones, the chair of the Railroad Commission of Texas, which regulates mining and drilling in the state, said: “If some of the new EPA regulations considered today...
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...Introduction: Coal seam and shale gases are two commonly found forms of unconventional gas in Australia. Gas is a fossil fuel and is considered cleaner than coal as it produces up to 70% less greenhouse emissions when burned (Gardner, 2015). Coal seam and shale gases are also cheaper than other renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar. Coal seam and shale reserves are widely found across Australia, particularly in Eastern Australia. Fracking, or more commonly known as Hydraulic Fracturing, is the technique used to extract coal seam and shale gases from rock as it improves the flow of gases that are difficult to access (Pearson, 2015). With the ability to use the fracking method to extract coal seam and shale gases, the mining industry considers this a viable and practical mining technique. However, there are debates on the social and environmental impacts of this mining practice. What is Fracking: Fracking is the process by which heavy machinery drills down into the hard rock layer below the earth’s surface. Fluid is then injected into the ground through a pipeline, while methane gas and chemicals are used to hold open the cracks in the rock layer (Dong, 2014). High pressure water mixture, containing sand and chemicals, is then directed at the rock, releasing the gas inside. It is a procedure that has been available for over 60 years (globally), as an alternative to the traditional unconventional gas extraction methods, but was not considered a cost effective method...
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...Deep Impact: Fracturing Planet Earth for Clean Energy Deep Impact: Fracturing Planet Earth for Clean Energy 1 Name University WGU Student ID# Deep Impact: Fracturing Planet Earth for Clean Energy 2 Shale gas has been acclaimed as the solution for a clean energy alternative. It burns cleaner than both coal and oil. There are vast quantities located in several shale formations domestically, in the United States (U.S.). Natural gas is an odorless, colorless hydrocarbon composed mostly of methane found deep in the earth in formations known as shale. In mid-1997, George Mitchell, an independent prospector made a discovery that would change the natural gas exploration industry for the twenty-first century. (Hinton, 2012). The modification of the well completion technology known as hydraulic fracturing (fracking) and horizontal drilling allowed the oil and gas industry the ability to tap into natural gas reserves trapped in shale deposits miles beneath the earths’ surface. (Hinton, 2012). Mitchell found that forcing fracking fluid at extremely high pressure into the shale formations created fissures in surrounding rock releasing the hydrocarbons and capturing them in the well head. The fracking fluid, also referred to as slick water, is made up of water, chemicals, and sand. Heywood (2012) reports that members of the energy and commerce committee of the U.S. House of Representatives said that between 2005 and 2009 the oil and gas service companies were using over 2,500...
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...I am from Elsipogtog First Nation, New Brunswick. My community members have been protesting against shale gassing and fracking for a couple of months now, fracking, or hydraulic fracturing, is the process of extracting natural gas from shale rock layers deep within the earth. The general public seems to have a lack of knowledge about fracking, because my community members seem to be the only ones who stand up against fracking. I am making these assumptions, because the fight for water and resistance against fracking has become a racial issue. Through social media, people have been generating hurtful and racial comments. Stigma’s that my community members are acting out in a radical fashion because they’re uneducated. What they need to realize, and to realize very quickly, is that this is not a fight for the Indian race, but rather a fight for the human race. There are a few members who are not from my society that support anti-fracking, but don’t do anything about it. I am actually very proud of my community members, for showing such unity, moral standards and courage to stand up for one of our essential natural resources. Elsipogtog in Mi’kmaq means, “River of Fire” and that fire helped spark a nationwide and worldwide awareness of the effects of fracking. First Nations from all over Canada stand in Solidarity with Elsipogtog; I personally had no idea that there were that many Fist Nations in Canada, so it was a beautiful sight for me. Celebrities such as, Susan Sarandon, Mark...
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...are burning natural gas instead of dirtier gasoline. 2, As the shale gas is increasingly explored, the coal and other fuels will be replaced. It can lead to country becoming energy independent to reduce some threats. 3, Fracking is a big industry, which can give a boost to national and local economies in forms of revenue. 4, Fracking need much more people to join in to play different roles such as geologists, well drillers, office workers, truck drivers, construction workers. International: 1, This will reverse the global energy scarcity woes, rising shale gas production has increased alternative liquefied natural gas (LNG) supplies to Europe in the form of LNG displaced from the American market. (2) 2, For some country, it is essential for them to import or explore other energy source. Such as UK, In the UK, they find themselves in a difficult position. They don't favour coal, which will eventually be phased out to be replaced by biomass, or wood chips which they would have to import from the United States. The other alternatives are to use a lot more nuclear power, which has its own serious considerations, or...
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...Baker Hughes INTEQ Oil Field Familiarization Training Guide 80912 Rev. B May 1996 Copyright © 1994 Baker Hughes INTEQ Baker Hughes INTEQ Training & Development 2520 W.W. Thorne Houston, TX 77073 United States of America 713-625-4415 This material cannot be reproduced in any manner or otherwise used in any presentation without the express written permission of Baker Hughes INTEQ Preface i Preface At Baker Hughes INTEQ, we have always prided ourselves on our people and their level of professionalism, experience, responsiveness and adaptability at the wellsite. It is at the wellsite, where time, money and effective operations separate INTEQ from its competitors. To keep this competitive edge, the company has a system for training, development and professional advancement for operations-based field personnel - takes our good track record and makes it even better. The training development program (IN-FACTS) provides a standardized career development path which utilizes a progression of both formal and hands-on learning, to turn potential into competitive advantage. It is the tool that enables field personnel to embark on a successful career within Baker Hughes INTEQ, Baker Hughes, and the oil industry. The training system is structured to provide an easily understood, orderly flow of learning experiences. These may or may not be in the same speciality, and allow our people to either concentrate in one area or to branch out into...
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...these groups according to company priorities and why? How would these groups alter the primary objectives of the organisation? 3.Also consider the difference between short-term and long-term objectives the organisation you have chosen has. Imagine yourself being a CEO of the company, what would be your objectives? Then imagine yourself being a member of one of the stakeholder groups, what would be your objectives in that case and why? 1. Our Vision To be the Top Performing and Most Admired Refinery in Asia Our Mission To continuously deliver shareholder value by: •Manufacturing and supplying oil products and services that satisfy the needs of our customers •Constantly achieving operational excellence •Conducting our business in a safe, environmentally sustainable and economically optimum manner •Employing a diverse, innovative and results-oriented team motivated to deliver excellence Our Objectives We are committed to deliver sustainable excellence in business performance by focusing on the following: •Benefit our shareholders •Realise the potential of our people •Meet our customer requirements •Maximise refinery margins •Safeguard asset integrity •Deliver structural cost reductions •Sustain a robust management system •Deliver continuous sustainable Health, Safety, Security and Environmental excellence. The objectives of the Shell Group are to engage efficiently, responsibly and profitably in oil, gas, chemicals and other selected businesses and to participate...
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...Chesapeake Energy T E A M - C Members: Misti Smith Kyle Thompson Daniel Ogeto Harding University Spring 2013 TEAM C: The team assignments for our research paper are as follows: Week 2 - Outsourcing – Daniel Ogeto Week 3 - Overview of the Oil and Gas Industry – Daniel Ogeto Week 4 - Chesapeake Energy & its four affiliates - Kyle Thompson Week 5 - Chesapeake Company Operations - Misti Smith Week 6 - Chesapeake Company Future - Daniel Ogeto Abstract Chesapeake Energy is headquartered in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. This independent company is involved in oil and natural gas exploration and production. The company’s operations, shares and debt; affiliations, outsourcing and future will be discussed in this paper. The oil and gas industry overview will also be covered. CONTENTS 1. Overview of the Oil and Gas Industry ------------------------Page 4 – 21 2. Chesapeake Company Operations ----------------------------Page 21-27 3. Chesapeake & Affiliates ----------------------------------------- Page 28-32 4. Outsourcing -------------------------------------------------------- Page 32-37 5. Chesapeake’s Future --------------------------------------------- Page 37-42 References ---------------------------------------------------------- Page 43-44 OVERVIEW OF THE OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY Companies in this industry develop and operate fields to extract crude oil and natural gas. Major players include Apache, Conoco Phillips, and...
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...| Leadership and Strategic Thinking | Assignment 1 | | Name: Ramya Gopalakrishnan | Student ID: 12663642 | Table of Contents 1. Executive Summary 3 2. Overview of the UK Oil and Gas Industry 4 2.1 Discussion on the current state of the industry 4 3. UK Oil and Gas Industry Leadership Outlook 5 3.1 Current Leadership Issues and Practices 5 4. Current Global and National Crises Issues 8 4.1 Issues and Impact on the Industry and Practices 8 5. Future Leadership Outlook 10 5.1 Leadership Aims for the Future 10 5.2 Leadership practice: Challenges, Impacts and Recommendations 10 Works Cited 13 1. Executive Summary This report is focused on the current leadership and development in the United Kingdom’s (UK) Oil and Gas industry. The first section highlights and describes the current external and internal environment, along with the challenges posed to the industry. The second section describes the issues faced by the industry in the short-term and long-term process and the measures taken by leaders to curb these issues and minimize the potential of risks and high costs to the industry. The third section gives an analysis of the global issues and problems posed to the UK oil and gas industry, their effects and practices undertaken to resolves these issues. The last section gives an analysis of the future outlook of the industry and its leadership capabilities. It also focuses on recommendations for the leaders to face the challenges that...
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...Research Paper: Healthcare Services and The Affordable Care Act (ACA). Table of Contents: Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………...3 Introduction………………………………………………………………………………….3 Background of the Affordable Care Act …………………………………………………4 The Affordable Care Act………………………………………………………………….. 5 Methodology………………………………………………………………………………...8 Collection of Data…………………………………………………………………………..9 Primary………………………………………………………………………………10 Secondary…………………………………………………………………………..11 The Environmental Working Group………………………………………………………12 Primary Survey…………………………………………………………………….13 Questions and Answers…………………………………………………………...14 Findings from the collection of information and data…………………………………..15 Conclusion and recommendations……………………………………………………….17 Appendix A: SWOT Analysis……………………………………………………………..19 Appendix B: EWG’s Business Strategy …………………………………………………26 Appendix C: EWG’s Business Analyses………………………………………………...32 Appendix D: References…………………………………………………………………..37 Abstract Healthcare has been a topic of debate since a long period of time. The recent changes in the government legislation have specified some employer-based requirements for the healthcare provision to employees. Many organizations have also been impacted by the legislative amendments. The following section will cover the introductory knowledge of the Affordable Care Act along with its objectives. Furthermore, we will discuss the impact of this act has on the American society...
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