...CONTENTS ❖ INTRODUCTION ❖ EQUIPMENTS IN PICKLING LINE NO. 1 ❖ EQUIPMENTS IN PICKLING LINE NO. 2 ❖ EQUIPMENTS IN REGENERATION PLANT ❖ EQUIPMENTS IN TANDEM MILL ❖ EQUIPMENTS IN REVERSING MILL ❖ EQUIPMENTS IN ANNELING FURNACE ❖ EQUIPMENTS IN SKIN PASSING MILL ❖ EQUIPMENTS IN ELECTROLYTIC TINNING SECTION ❖ EQUIPMENTS IN CONTINUOUS GALVANIZING LINE Continuous Pickling Line No. 1 (A)ENTRY SECTION: 1. COIL RAMP : Coils are brought by crane and placed on the coil ramp .Coil ramp is provided with three coils stops which are operated by compressed air through hand operated levers. Side guides on the coil ramp are adjusted manually to the coil width +100 mm. 2. COIL ADJUSTING DVICE: The coil adjusting device is equipped with two parallel adjustable guide plates and 2 carrying rollers. They serve to bring the coil to the center line and for tightening the outer laps of the coil. Hydraulically operated coil ejector feeds the coil to the uncoiler supporting rolls. After centering the coil on the coil adjusting device, coil strap is cut and the head end of the coil is straightened with the help of a wooden block for easy feeding into uncoiler. 3. UNCOILER, SCALE BREAKER AND LEVELLER: This unit comprises of following equipments:- i) Supporting Rolls(2) are driven electrically. These are used to support the coil after...
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...Mike DeFelice -42 Water Supply Summary In this chapter we learned about water supply. Understanding water supply principles is key to fire fighting for a number of different reasons. Knowing the different types of fire hydrants, their water pressure, and how far apart they will be from one another is important in a hazardous situation. There are 4 key principles to water supply systems. These principals are the source of water supply, means of moving water, water treatment facility, water storage and distribution. Sources of water supply in a jurisdiction can be obtained from surface water, ground water, or both. Some examples of surface water are rivers, and lakes. Most ground water supply comes from wells drilled into underground aquifers. The means of moving water has three key methods. These methods are direct pumping system, gravity system, and combination system. Direct pumping systems are water supply systems supplied by a system of pumps. These systems are typically found in industrial and agricultural settings. Gravity systems are water supply systems in which gravity is the driving force that moves the water. Water is elevated above the system in a tank. Combination systems are combinations of both gravity, and direct pump systems. Combination systems are the most common type of municipal water supply systems. Water treatment facilities are places the water goes through to get filtered, and decontaminated so that water can be consumed without causing...
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...HYDRAULICS LAB #1 The objective of this lab is to test the fluid flow provided by the power unit at various discharge pressures, and create a power unit characteristic curve. 1. Build on the trainer the hydraulic circuit shown in the figure below, using the components listed here. hydraulic power unit (2) pressure gauges flow control valve (FCV) – simulated load flow-meter Page 1 of 2 2. Initial setup: a. Fully close (CW) the FCV, and fully open (CCW) the pressure relief valve on the power unit. b. Start the power unit, and slowly adjust the pressure relief valve until pressure gauge P1 reaches 50 bar. Let the unit run for a few minutes then check and adjust P1 if necessary. c. Do not touch the pressure relief valve for the remainder of the lab. d. Fully open the FCV. 3. Test: a. Record the pressures P1, P2 and the flow rate under the “Min.” column in the table below. b. Slowly turn the FCV CW, adding a simulated load to the system. When the pressure at P1 increases to 15 bar, stop and record pressure P2 and the flow rate. c. Repeat for all columns listed in the table. The final column, listed as “Max Pres.” should be run with the FCV fully closed. Note the sound of the power unit during this test. You should detect changes in tone as the load (pressure) is increased. P1 Pressure (bar) P2 (bar) Flow Rate (lpm) Min * 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 46 47 48 49 Max. Pres. * minimum pressure attained, with flow control fully open HYDRAULICS LAB #1 Page 2 of 2 Lab Report: ...
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...Mechatronics BASIC MEASUREMENT TOOLS MTX 103 Fall 2 Credits 11 hours of lecture - 22 hours of lab Fundamentals of measurement tools. Topics include basic measurement, S.I. and U.S. customary measurement, precision measurement tools and dimensional gauging. Prerequisite: A grade of "C" or better in ELEC 101, 102, and 121; or concurrent enrollment in ELEC 101, 102, and 121; or consent of Instructional Unit. BASIC HYDRAULICS MTX 105 Fall 2 Credits 11 hours of lecture - 22 hours of lab Fundamentals of hydraulics. Topics include hydraulic power systems, hydraulic circuits, principles of hydraulic pressure and flow and various types of hydraulic valves. Prerequisite: A grade of "C" or better in ELEC 101, 102, and 121; or concurrent enrollment in ELEC 101, 102, and 121; or consent of Instructional Unit. BASIC PNEUMATICS MTX 107 Fall 2 Credits 11 hours of lecture - 22 hours of lab Fundamentals of pneumatics. Topics include pneumatic power systems, basic pneumatic circuits principles of pneumatic pressure and flow and pneumatic speed control. Prerequisite: A grade of "C" or better in ELEC 101, 102, and 121; or concurrent enrollment in ELEC 101, 102, and 121; or consent of Instructional Unit. ELECTRIC MOTOR CONTROL 1 MTX 110 Fall 4 Credits 22 hours of lecture - 44 hours of lab Fundamentals of electric motor control. Topics include electrical safety, control transformers, overload protection, ladder logic, control relays, electronic sensors, and other topics related...
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...Republic. • The nature of competition in the global market of products & services that SH a.s. offering. We have to evaluate all these facts and to present a strategic technology management plan of action. Main Contributing Issues: Following are the major contributing issues or they are basically showing the evaluation of all the facts that must be consider before adopting any strategic plane. • They are lacking in capital & competition for R&D efforts in hydraulic technology, although they are able to full fill the desired innovations of customers as they had done on very selective scale in case of heavy hydraulics. • • They are entirely restructured in1997 and start offering services and maintenance along with major sales but future of their clients using such offers is also uncertain. • International competitors from Germany, US and from other western countries all are introducing computer based automated technologies but they are not offering such technologically advanced products. • Light hydraulic applications also moving towards automated advanced technologies with lean and fragile processing having lesser processing steps and higher automated work, but they are still offering old systems. • Other competitors like German & American are entering in Czech market with broad lines and advance technologies of lubrication technologies. Proposed Solutions: In this case the problem is not single directional or very clear it’s a multiple mix and complex bunch...
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...HYDRAULIC JACKS Hydraulic jacks find variety of application in Civil and Structural Engineering such as plate Bearing and CBR tests on soils, Deformation and Insitu Shear tests on foundation rock strata, Elastic Modulus-tests on mass concrete and for pre-stressing steel wire in pre-stressed concrete. HEICO jacks are simple and compact in design and easy to operate. Jacks upto a capacity of 500 kN are provided with single plunger pumping units and those of capacity more than 500 kN are provided with double plunger type pumping units. Each jack is provided with a calibrated pressure gauge of appropriate capacity. The different types of Hydraulic Jacks manufactured by HEICO are detailed below:Note : All hydraulic jacks mentioned below have hand operated pumping units only. Bottle Type Jacks These are fully self contained jacks with integral pumping units and oil reservoirs. A detachable hand lever is provided for operation of pump. A 10 cm dia calibrated load gauge is supplied with each jack. Lifting handle is also provided on the jack. Cat. No. HJ54.05 HJ54.10 HJ54.15 HJ54.20 HJ54.25 Cap 50 KN 100 KN 200 KN 250 KN 500 KN Sensitivity 0.5 KN 1.0 KN 1.0 KN 2.0 KN 2.0 KN mm dia pressure gauge for those of higher capacities. Cat. No. HJ54.30 HJ54.35 HJ54.37 HJ54.40 HJ54.45 HJ54.50 HJ54.55 HJ54.60 HJ54.65 HJ54.70 HJ54.75 HJ54.80 Cap 50 KN 100 KN 150 KN 200 KN 250 KN 500 KN 750 KN 1000 KN 1500 KN 2000 KN 3000 KN 5000 KN Sensitivity 0.5 KN 1.0 KN 1.0 KN 2.0 KN 2.0 KN 5.0 KN 5.0 KN 5.0...
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...common concept that every engineers must know before starting their career life. The code of ethics for engineer was created so that engineers can follow these codes and do not attempt to make any error intentionally. It is a set of rules and obligations that set a standard for an engineer’s decision. In other word, the code of ethics required every engineers to be honest, fairness, equity, and must be dedicated to the protection of public health, safety, and welfare. (Engineers, 2007) The short story “The adventure of the Engineer’s thumb” written by Arthur Conan Doyle is a good example regarding engineering’s code of ethics. The story was told to Sherlock Holmes, began in London 1889 about a young hydraulic engineer, Mr. Hatherley. Hatherley was offered to fix a hydraulic machine with a salary of 50 guineas by a person who identified himself as Colonel Lysander Stark. However, the job has to be perform around mid-night although rather to be just around an hour, out of town in Berkshire. Hatherley could not resist to accept a good offer because his gross taking was only 27 pounds 10s every day. Stark wanted the job to be performed at midnight because he did not want his neighbors to acknowledge the valuable of the land around them. There were large deposit of fuller’s earth under the land. Later on, after arriving to Stark’s place and took an inspection of the press machine, Hatherley discovered the floor consist of a large iron trough and the press machine wasn’t only used...
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...| MA4001 | School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering50, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Tel:65 790 5488 Fax:65 792 4062 | Table of Contents Content | Page | 1.0 Introduction | 4 | 1.1 Background and Objectives | 4 | 2.0 Conceptual Design | 5 | 2.1 Function Analysis | 5 | 2.2 Morphological Chart | 7 | 2.3 Design Concepts | 8 | 2.3.1 Design Concept A | 8 | 2.3.2 Design Concept B | 9 | 2.2.3 Design Concept C | 9 | 2.4 Concept Evaluation | 10 | 3.0 Embodiment Design | 12 | 3.1 Stability | 12 | 3.2 Spade Design | 12 | 3.3 Mode of Transport | 12 | 4.0 Detailed Design | 13 | 4.1 Hydraulics Selection4.2 Materials Selection | 13 | 5.0 Detailed Design Calculations | 13 | 5.1 General Data | 13 | 5.2 General Calculations | 15 | 5.3 Lifting | 17 | 5.4 Tilting | 18 | 5.5 Hydraulics Selection | 20 | 5.6 Pump Selection | 21 | 6.0 Cost Estimation | 22 | 6.1 Bill of Materials (BOM) | 22 | 6.2 Purchased Parts | 27 | 6.3 Manufactured Parts | 28 | 6.4 Overall Cost Estimation | 28 | 7.0 Conclusion | 29 | References | 30 | Appendix | 31 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Background and Objectives Being a densely populated island, Singapore does not have the luxury to use her land with impunity. Amidst the concrete urban jungle of Singapore, the need to consider for greenery in our country...
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...Power Control Unit, Hydraulic - Description Hydraulic power control units (typically referred to as PCUs) are used to position primary (or secondary) flight control surfaces. PCUs are a single assembly (i.e., single part number) that combines individual hydraulic components into an assembly. PCUs perform two critical functions: (1) they position the flight control surface in response to mechanical or electrical commands, and (2) they represent a principle structural element capable of withstanding flight loads and providing protection against flutter (unsteady, aerodynamic loads). The requirements of these two functions make PCU design a challenging task. At the heart of PCU is a servovalve and an actuator (servo actuator). The servovalve can be controlled by a flapper nozzle, jet pipe, solenoid, torque motor or mechanical linkage. Some PCUs contain only a servo actuator. However, PCUs often contain other components to meet performance and failure mode performance criteria. Other components typically found in PCUs are shutoff valves, pressure relief valves, input filter, check valves, and compensator. Another component that is often part of a PCU is one or more servos whose control is based on some performance criteria. These servos can be positioned electronically or by hydraulic pressure (where loss of hydraulic pressure allows a spring to position the servo). A simple PCU is shown in Figure 1. Figure 1 Simple PCU Diagram This PCU shows the pressure input going through...
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...total and began to manufacture the bearings and railroad car couplings among other railroad related components. During the war periods 1939 to 1945, production was modified to produce a variety of hydraulic valves for military applications, including submarines. Major capital investments were made in the physical facilities in 1976. Production facilities for manufacturing of the Hydraulics components were substantially expanded. Internally designed hydraulic radial piston type motors were put into production. A major expansion took place in 1980 till 1990. The production of centralized grease lubricating systems was substantially expanded. A newly introduced R&D effort resulted in the design, development, and production of lubrication system. During this period, as a legal Czechoslovakia monopoly, the company specialized in producing systems for heavy equipment manufacturing industries, steel making and mining. Nationalization: In 1948 the company was nationalized and its engineering and manufacturing resources were re-focused on railroad applications. During this nationalization company has changed his focus and starts manufacture the new products like new heating system for railroad cars and manufacturing of centralized grease lubrication system was restarted and hydraulic technology became integral part of It remained nationalized till 1990 and major changes made during last 10 years from 1980 to 1990. During this period newly introduced R&D efforts resulted in...
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...AlRBL"S TR.\INING FLIGHT CONTROLS MANUAL 1.27.00 SEQ 001 P 1 ~S~O~~T~R FLIGHT CREW OPERATING CONTENTS I REV 36 27.00 27.10 CONTENTS DESCRIPTION - GENERAL - ARCHITECTURE NORMAL LAW GENERAL PITCH CONTROL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 LATERAL CONTROL LOAD ALLEVIATION FUNCTION (A320 ONLY) 7 SIDESLIP TARGET RECONFIGURATION CONTROL LAWS GENERAL FLIGHT CONTROLS LAW RECONFIGURATION ALTERNATE LAW ALTERNATE LAW WITHOUT REDUCED PROTECTION DIRECT LAW ABNORMAL ATTITUDE LAWS MECHANICAL BACKUP CONTROLS AND INDICATORS PEDESTAL LATERAL CONSOLES GLARESHIELD OVERHEAD PANEL SIDESTICK INDICATIONS ON PFD ECAM F/CTL PAGE ECAM WHEEL PAGE WARNINGS AND CAUTIONS - MEMO DISPLAY FLAPS AND SLATS - DESCRIPTION - CONTROLS AND INDICATORS - WARNINGS AND CAUTIONS 1 5 8 1 1 3 4 5 8 9 11 12 14 1 5 1 6 8 1 2 3 6 6 7 7 27.20 27.30 27.40 R 27.50 27.60 ELECTRICAL SUPPLY SIMU F.P.S.3 UP for training only STD 1.3.1 AlRBL"S TR.\INING FLIGHT CONTROLS MANUAL 1.27.10 SEQ 001 P 1 ~S~O~~T~R FLIGHT CREW OPERATING DESCRIPTION I REV 34 I GENERAL I The fly-by-wire system was designed and certified to render the new generation of aircraft even more safe, cost effective, and pleasant to fly. BASIC PRINCIPLE Flight control surfaces are all : - Electrically-controlled, and - Hydraulically-activated. The stabilizer and rudder can also be mechanically-controlled. Pilots use sidesticks to fly the aircraft...
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...flying at high speed, the aerodynamic forces acting on the control surface are such that it is not possible to move the surfaces without some form of assistance. This assistance can be provided in the form of hydraulic or electric power or a combination of both of the systems. This system is important for the aircraft to fly. . The purpose of the powered flight control unit fitted on the aircraft is to: 1) Aircraft speed and aerodynamic loads imposed on control surface too great for the pilot to overcome using manual force only. 2) Assist the pilot to overcome this load 3) No need for normal form of aerodynamic assistance, example: balance tab and spring balance tab EXPLAINATION OF POWERED FLIGHT CONTROL UNIT (PFCU) Figure 1: Powered Flight Control Unit System Drawing Artificial Feel With purely mechanical flight control systems, the aerodynamic forces on the control surfaces are transmitted through the mechanisms and are felt directly by the pilot, allowing tactile feedback of airspeed. With hydro mechanical flight control systems, however, the load on the surfaces cannot be felt and there is a risk of overstressing the aircraft through excessive control surface movement. To overcome this problem, artificial feel systems can be used. With total hydraulic or electric power moving the control surface, it becomes difficult for the pilot to gauge the amount of control movement required for any maneuver. This is because the pilot's control does not have any sensation...
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...------------------------------------------------- LANDING GEAR SYSTEM Prepared by: KHALID WALI MOHAMMAD 53259209393 Date: OCTOBER 12, 2011 TABLE OF CONTENT: TOPIC | PAGE | INTRODUCTION | 2 | GULFSTREAM G200 LANDING GEAR SYSTEM (GENERAL, MAIN LG) | 3 | NOSE LANDING GEAR AND EMERGENCY GEAR EXTENSION | 5 | LANDING GEAR SYSTEM CONROLS AND INDICATORS | 7 | WHEEL AND BRAKES | 8 | ANTI SKID SYSTEM | 10 | NOSE WHEEL STEERING SYSTEM | 13 | AIR BRAKES | 14 | BOEING 747 LANDING GEAR SYSTEM (GENERAL, MAIN GEAR AND DOORS) | 15 | NOSE GEAR AND DOORS | 16 | LANDING GEAR EXTENSION AND RETRACTION, WHEEL AND BRAKES AND STEERING | 18 | POSITION AND WARNING | 19 | CONCLUSION AND REFERENCES | 20 | INTRODUCTION: The undercarriage or landing gear in aviation is the structure that supports an aircraft on the ground and allows it to taxi, takeoff and land. Typically wheels are used, but skids, skis, floats or a combination of these and other elements can be deployed, depending on the surface. Landing gear usually includes wheels equipped with shock absorbers for solid ground, but some aircraft are equipped with skis for snow or floats for water, and/or skids or pontoons(helicopters). The undercarriage is a relatively heavy part of the vehicle, it can be as much as 7% of the takeoff weight, but more typically is 4-5%. Gulfstream G200 Landing Gear System General The G200 has 4 main landing gear tires and two nose landing...
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...7 VanePump PVR1T-8-FRA-28 Yuken 1 8 Electricmotor 3hp x1440rpm;50Hz Foot Mounting Monark/ CGL 1 The hydraulic circuit of the system is shown in figure 2. Figure 2: Circuit Diagram of Hydraulic system 4. Mathematical Modeling of the Components 4.1 Modeling of Valves and Actuators The input to the system is the movement of the valve xi. This allows the flow of oil into the cylinder of Q m3\s which makes the cylinder move a distance xo [6]. Assuming constant supply pressure the flow rate is directly proportional to the valve position, Q=kv.xi (1) Where kv is the valve constant and examining its unit, it would be m2/s and area of the piston is m2. Thevelocityof theactuator is v =dx0/ dt and this is related to theflowand the piston areaby the law of continuingthat...
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...Exhibition Center Singapore, July 14-17, 2009 A Virtual Reality Operator Interface Station with Hydraulic Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation for Prototyping Excavator Control Systems Mark D. Elton, Aaron R. Enes, and Wayne J. Book, Fellow, IEEE Abstract— A multimodal operator interface station is developed to display a realistic virtual reality depiction of a compact excavator performing general digging tasks. The interface station includes engine audio feedback and a near life-size operator display attached to a full-size cab. The excavator dynamics are determined by models of the hydraulic system, the linkage system, and the soil digging forces. To maximize the fidelity of the hydraulic model, certain “virtual” components of the model are replaced with real-time hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulations of the actual hardware. HIL simulation is done in a geographically isolated facility, with Internet based communication between HIL and the Remote Operator Interface. This is the first reported high-fidelity operator interface to be combined with remote hydraulic HIL simulations. I. I NTRODUCTION Hydraulic hardware has undergone a great evolution in recent years, evolving from purely hydro-mechanical devices to electro-hydraulic systems controlled by microprocessors. The use of electronic controllers opens the door to improving dynamic performance and enhancing traditional hydraulic off-highway construction machines with new features such as increased energy efficiency, improved...
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