...and it is at the risk or intrauterine growth retardation, prematurity and intrauterine death. Hypertension is also a major cause of maternal, fetal and neo natal morbidity and mortality, not only in developing but in developed countries also,(Pesola (2001). The rate of eclampsia in the UK have fallen recently, hypertension during the pregnancy remains one of the main causes of maternal death. According to a study conducted by NICE one third of maternal morbidity was caused as a result of hypertensive conditions. Hypertensive disorders also carry a risk for the baby. In the most recent UK perinatal mortality report, 1 in 20 (5%) stillbirths in infants without congenital abnormality occurred in women with pre-eclampsia. The contribution of pre- eclampsia to the overall preterm birth rate is substantial; 1 in 250 (0.4%) women in their first pregnancy will give birth before 34 weeks as a consequence of pre-eclampsia and 8–10% of all preterm births result from hypertensive disorders. Hypertensive disorders caused during pregnancy are classified into four categories according to the...
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...factors include obesity, Type II diabetes mellitus, and family history. Upon exam the patient asks why he has not been started on a beta blocker yet. He explains further that when his brother had a “heart attack” in 2005, he was immediately placed on a beta blocker because the cardiologist reported how beta blockers reduce mortality after myocardial infarction (MI). The patient wants to know if a beta blocker would reduce his chance of mortality? Using the Patient-Intervention-Comparator-Outcome (PICO) format we formulated the following question. In a 67-year-old male with multiple co-morbidities with MI (P), does treatment with a beta blocker (I), compared with no beta blocker or placebo (O), reduce mortality rate (O)? Risk Factors, Incidence and Prevalence of Disease * US incidence rates of cardiovascular disease, including MI, are seen in men more than women (Alexander et al., 2007). This trend is also true in Utah ("Impact of heart," 2007). * The incidence rates of cardiovascular disease increase with age (Alexander et al., 2007). * Risk factors for cardiovascular disease include not eating enough fruits and vegetables, lack of physical exercise, smoking cigarettes and the co-morbidities of diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and obesity ("CDC national heart," 2010). * The clinical scenario patient was at high MI risk being male, over 65, diabetic and obese. Article Critiques * The following primary article critiques were based on the CONSORT...
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...Cardiovascular Studies The motivation behind this article was to distinguish the financial levels inside of the study bunch at UAN in Luanda, Angola. Inside of the financial levels, the specialists decided the event of customizable cardiovascular dangers and the connections among the diverse social levels. The study was done at the University of Agostinho Neto with 615 open area laborers, ages going from 20 to 71 years of age. The course of events for the study was done from February 2009 to December 2010. A portion of the information that was gathered was close to home, anthropometric (estimations of the body), biochemical, hemodynamic (blood testing), financial, and physical movement. I trust that the sort of crowd in which the exploration was led is for the overall public. Since the study bunch had a various number of financial levels going from lower to high society and equivalent measure of men to ladies, the study is for separating what hazard components are more present in various levels. This study facilitates learning of ladies' wellbeing and cardiovascular sickness since it shows how the infection influences the lower class more since they are less instructed and not mindful of the impacts of the illness. Remarkable components about this exploration were the way this was the principal study to be done in Angola and the populace beneath neediness in Angola is 33.6%. I think the examination itself had extremely solid information h...
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...teaspoon salt • 2/3 cup plus 1/4 cup honey, divided • 1/3 cup canola oil • 4 tablespoons unsalted butter, at room temperature, divided • 1 large egg • 1 teaspoon vanilla extract • 3 tablespoons toasted sliced almonds, (see Tip) for garnish Preparation 1. Add whole-wheat flour, all-purpose flour, baking powder and salt; stir until just combined. Beat 2/3 cup honey, oil and 3 tablespoons butter in a mixing bowl with an electric mixer on medium speed until well combined. Add egg and vanilla and beat until blended. Add the wet ingredients to the dry ingredients; stir to combine. Refrigerate the dough for 1 hour. 2. Preheat oven to 350°F. Coat 2 baking sheets with cooking spray or line with parchment paper or nonstick baking mats. 3. Roll tablespoons of dough into 1-inch balls and place on the prepared baking sheets about 2 inches apart. Press the tip of your index finger in the center of each cookie to make an indentation. Bake the cookies, in batches, until set and barely golden on the bottom, 13 to 15 minutes. Transfer to a wire rack; let cool for 30 minutes. 4. Combine the remaining 1/4 cup honey and 1 tablespoon butter in a small bowl until creamy. Use about 1/4 teaspoon to fill each cookie and top with 2 sliced almonds, if desired. Tips & Notes • Make Ahead Tip: Store in a single layer in an airtight container for up to 2 days. • Tip: To toast whole almonds, spread on a baking sheet and bake at 350°F, stirring once...
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...Teaching Experience Paper Module 5 Assignment Chantarakhan Patnakha Neal Grand Canyon University: NRS-427V | Concepts in Community and Public Health February 23, 2014 Summary of Teaching Plan The primary prevention and health promotion for cardiovascular disease or heart disease are necessary for the Isabella County, Michigan because of the high rate of this disease. Cardiovascular disease is a class of diseases that involve the heart, and the blood vessels including arteries, capillaries, and veins. Cardiovascular disease refers to any disease that affects the cardiovascular system, principally cardiac disease, vascular diseases of the brain and kidney, and peripheral arterial disease. The two most common causes of cardiovascular disease are atherosclerosis and hypertension. Physiological and morphological changes with aging alter cardiovascular function and lead to an increased risk of this disease for healthy individuals with asymptomatic problems (Wikipedia, 2014). In teaching summary, it is necessary for the Isabella County to be informed of the high rate of cardiovascular disease for adults age 65 and older. The presentation was held at the community center of Mt. Pleasant, Isabella County during the annual “Together We Can”. It was surprising that the audience participation was 100 percent. Most of them paid attention to the Okinawa big poster, which highlighted how to reach the age of 100 and older without cardiovascular disease. Between the session...
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...Cardiovascular disease also called heart disease includes numerous problems, many of which are related to a process called atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a condition that develops when a substance called plaque builds up in the walls of the arteries. This buildup narrows the arteries, making it harder for blood to flow through. If a blood clot forms, it can stop the blood flow. This can cause a heart attack or stroke (“What is Cardiovascular Disease (Heart Disease)?”). The purpose of this paper is to discuss the risk factors associated with a previous client that I cared for in the clinical setting and to include rationale and some behaviors that could reduce these risks. The patient that I will be focusing on is a 56 year old female of polish descent whom I will refer to as I.G. She was admitted to UMC with a chief complaint of left knee pain. Her admitting diagnosis was a left distal femur fracture and has a medical history of congestive heart failure, hyperlipidemia, glaucoma, rheumatoid arthritis, hypertensive disorder, GERD, and diabetes. She admitted that diabetes runs in her family and she also has a history of smoking and obesity evidenced by her BMI of 32.1. Diabetes Diabetes Mellitus is associated with a reduced life span, largely as a result of cardiovascular disease and most patients die as a result of a thrombotic event. Patients with diabetes are at increased risk for CVD. This risk affects women more than men and is influenced by the client’s...
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...Abstract This research paper looks at the medical condition hypertension, otherwise known as high blood pressure. The history of the disease from the first discoveries of Stephen Hale to the implementation of high blood pressure testing as a standard in routine health care by Samuel Karl Ritter Von Basch are among the topics discussed. In addition to past and current treatments of this condition like angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) and diuretics, etc., new approaches are reviewed (removal of the carotid body to the use of radio waves). Hypertension in Older Adults – Past, Current and New Treatments Something often attributed to old age, being overweight, etcetera, hypertension has become a common place medical condition in adults. This paper will look at the efficacy of past and current treatments, and new approaches to treat this medical condition. With the phrase older adults, it’s referring to those over 60 and in some of the journal articles the mean age of those in the studies average 80/83 years old. Hypertension is a medical condition that occurs when you have a continually high systemic arterial blood pressure. It is defined when the systolic pressure is constantly bigger than 140 mmHg or when the diastolic pressure is constantly bigger than 90 mmHg or more. But for people over the age of 60, hypertension is bigger than 150/90. Hypertension is dangerous to have because it can change into strokes, heart attacks,...
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...discussed a variety of complementary and alternative methods to manage and treat varying types of pain. The article was not inclusive of all CAMs, only the most common practices of complementary alternative medicine. Including on the list discussed was acupuncture, acupressure, homeopathy, naturopathy, and tai chi. These are the more common modalities of CAM, as well as other CAMs that were new to me such as Jin Shin Jyutsu, lymphatic therapy, myofascial therapy and craniosacral therapy. Also included were reviews and evidence base practice regarding some of these therapies. Though the article made mention of several research and clinical trials. For example, “In randomized clinical trials, qigong has been shown to be effective in significantly reducing pain when compared with the general pain care.” (Schulenburg, 2015, p. 322), it was not a research paper or clinical analysis. It is a journal article written by a registered nurse for the Association of peri-Operative Registered Nurse journal. The targeted audience for this article is nurses, particularly perioperative nurses and nurses who work with a population that experiences high incidences of pain. The author’s purpose is to inform and provide nurses with information and evidence of complementary alternative medicinal practices that can alone or as adjunct therapy for...
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...Case study This paper will use a case study approach to explore the registered adult nurse’s role in the holistic care, in the first 24 hours, given to patient presenting with chest pain, caused by a myocardial infarction (MI). Using clinical guidance and evidence based research. The case study will use the ABCDE assessment framework. The resuscitation council (2006) recommends that nurses should follow the ABCDE method when assessing acutely and critically ill patients as it ensures nurses quickly and accurately identify acute illness and promptly begin management of the condition/ illness (Jevon, 2010). The aim of the assessment is to determine the cause of the chest pain efficiently and prioritise care needed. The main priorities were; pain control, informing appropriate medical staff and the nurse in charge, reperfusion of myocardial tissue, managing anxiety and monitoring for complications of MI and the effects of the treatment given. A MI occurs when a coronary artery becomes occluded, most commonly by a thrombus due to the rupture of an atherosclerotic artery which results in the necrosis of myocardial tissue because of the ischemia the thrombus causes (O’Neil, 1996). For the purpose of this case study and in order to protect confidentiality and anonymity the patient used will be fictitious and given a pseudonym. However the events the case study follows are very much a reality (Edwards, 2002). Case scenario Brian, a 64 year old male, was recovering...
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...DIPLOMACY COURSE; RESEARCH METHODOLOGY CODE; DIR 311 RESEARCH PROPOSAL TITTLE; CAUSES OF WOMEN DEATHS DURING CHILD BIRTH IN MASENO MISSION HOSPITAL AUTHOR | ADM NO | ANYANDA SHARON AYUMA | DS/3017/2010 | AFFILLIATION; Research Proposal submitted to the School of Development and strategic studies in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of international relations and diplomacy of Maseno University DECLARATION This reaserch proposal is my original work and has not been presented for a degree in any other University -------------------------- ---------------------------- Signature Date This research proposal has been submitted for examination with my approval as University Supervisor -------------------------- ----------------------------Signature Date AKNOWLEDMENT This report and its findings were prepared by myself with the help of my roommate Eunice Bosibori Ondieki of the department of Communication and Media Technology at Maseno University, she took part in assisting me in interviewing individuals from Mabungo village and also the Hospital staff. I also consulted mu father Mr Maurice Anyanda who gave me ideas on how to go about with my research proposal. Grateful...
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...seconds across the globe, and it is expected to rise 55 percent in the next 20 years” (p. 6). The article goes on to state that according to the American Diabetes Association (ADA), “about 26 million individuals in the U.S. or 83 percent of the population have had a diabetes diagnosis (p. 6). Unfortunately this number will only begin to keep climbing and affect future generations to come. Professor Nam Han Cho wrote in a report on diabetes that “if current demographic patterns continue, more than 592 million people (worldwide) will be affected with diabetes within a generation” (Brass, 2014, p.7). Diabetes can be divided up into four categories including the following: Type 1 DM, Type 2 DM, gestational diabetes, and pre-diabetes. This paper will discuss the aspects of Type 1 diabetes. Information from the article Primary and secondary prevention of Type 1 diabetes was obtained from the Wiley Online Library database using the search terms diabetes type 1, and prevention. The Wiley Online Library database was also used to obtain information from the article titled Prevalence of depression among young people with Type 1 diabetes: a systematic review using the search terms type 1 diabetes, and prevention. The database Medline Plus was used to obtained signs and symptoms of type 1 diabetes using the search term type 1 diabetes signs and symptoms. The CINAHL database was used to obtain the article What Everyone needs to know about Diabetes using the...
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...bitter leaf Bitter leaf, scent leaf extract protects diabetics from heart, testicular damage Thursday, 19 July 2012 00:00 CHUKWUMA MUANYA Features - Natural Health Top of Form Bottom of Form [pic] Can increasing the intake of bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina) and scent leaf (Ocimum gratissimum) protect Nigerians from complications of diabetes? CHUKWUMA MUANYA writes. DIABETES is an age long, serious metabolic disorder with complications that results in significant morbidity and mortality. Chronic hyperglycemia (high blood glucose) during diabetes has been shown to cause glycation of body protein, which in turn leads to secondary complications that affect the eyes, kidneys, nerves and arteries. These complications may be delayed, lessened or prevented by maintaining blood glucose levels close to normal. Several studies have indicated that cardiovascular disease is the major cause of mortality and morbidity in modern societies, among the numerous complications of diabetes. Long standing diabetes has been documented to cause structural and functional cardiac impairment, which was found to lead to ischemic heart disease, cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure. Previous studies have also shown that diabetics have significantly reduced testicular weights and tubule diameters. The changes in seminiferous tubules ranged from premature sloughing of epithelium to total cessation of spermatogenesis. But recent studies suggest that a combination of bitter leaf (Vernonia...
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...* Is represented as 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 * Then: * H-A-R-D-W-O-R-K * 8+1+18+4+23+15+18+11=98% * K-N-O-W-L-E-D-G-E * 11+14+15+23+12+5+4+7+5=96 % * A-T-T-I-T-U-D-E * 1+20+20+9+20+21+4+5=100 % * And look how far the love of God will take you * L-O-V-E-O-F-G-O-D * 12+15+22+5+15+6+7+15+4=101 % NURSING * Is the extent to which an individual or group is able to realize aspirations and satisfy needs and change or cope with environment. It is the complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. Major Nursing Goals * Promotive – an action or measures designed to support behavior conducive to health * Preventive – any actions or measures designed to protect individuals, families, groups, communities from harm to their health * Curative – any actions or measures designed to correct or remove disease or any illness. * Rehabilitative – any actions or measures designed to restore health and promote recovery from any alteration of health Roles and Responsibilities of Nurses: * Caregiver – helping clients promote, restore, and maintain dignity, health and wellness * Communicator/Helper – central role of nurses in identifying needs of the client * Educator/Teacher – involves nursing activities, health promotion, the primary concern * Counselor – providing emotional, intellectual and psychological support * Manager/Coordinator – manages the nursing care. * Change...
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...safe range and a BMI below satisfactory level. This paper aims to highlight the facts and interventions which can be used for disease management for Mr Ward. Discussion The major challenge for maintaining a suitable glycemic control for diabetic patients is to restrict the progression of disease or development of the risk factors which turn pertinent over the course of time. The progression of disease can be restricted through considering the factors leading to weight gain, the pharmaceutical considerations, incurrence of glycemic conditions, and by taking into account the inherent restraints for administering exogenous insulin (Nichols et al, 2000). According to Davies (2004), there are number of factors which influences the consultation for diabetes patients amongst which the prominent ones include age, span of diabetes, the BMI, and measure of physical exercise. The glycaemic control remains the first and foremost target for every healthcare provider to enable insulin uptake in patients suffering from type 2 diabetes. Janes et al (2013) have highlighted the significance of daily routine and activities in management of type 2 diabetes. In view of the author, a person’s way of managing the disease is influenced by his own perspectives aside from the medications and medical consultation he is relying on. The personal beliefs, ideas, culture, and family factors play a role in shaping patient’s behaviour towards disease management. The HBA1C level for Mr Ward is 86mmol/L...
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...J Clin Epidemiol Vol. 50, No. 12, pp. 1311–1318, 1997 Copyright © 1997 Elsevier Science Inc. 0895-4356/97/$17.00 PII S0895-4356(97)00203-5 The Powerful Placebo Effect: Fact or Fiction? Gunver S. Kienle* and Helmut Kiene ¨ Institut fur Angewandte Erkenntnistheorie und Medizinische Methodologie, D-79112 Freiburg, Germany ABSTRACT. In 1955, Henry K. Beecher published the classic work entitled ‘‘The Powerful Placebo.’’ Since that time, 40 years ago, the placebo effect has been considered a scientific fact. Beecher was the first scientist to quantify the placebo effect. He claimed that in 15 trials with different diseases, 35% of 1082 patients were satisfactorily relieved by a placebo alone. This publication is still the most frequently cited placebo reference. Recently Beecher’s article was reanalyzed with surprising results: In contrast to his claim, no evidence was found of any placebo effect in any of the studies cited by him. There were many other factors that could account for the reported improvements in patients in these trials, but most likely there was no placebo effect whatsoever. False impressions of placebo effects can be produced in various ways. Spontaneous improvement, fluctuation of symptoms, regression to the mean, additional treatment, conditional switching of placebo treatment, scaling bias, irrelevant response variables, answers of politeness, experimental subordination, conditioned answers, neurotic or psychotic misjudgment, psychosomatic phenomena...
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