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Hypokinetic Dysarthria

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The purpose of this report is to explain what hypokinetic dysarthria is and to establish an evidence-based treatment plan for a patient with the disorder. Hypokinetic dysarthria is a motor speech disorder that is caused by damage to the basal ganglia motor circuit. The basal ganglia motor circuit is made up of the striatum, which is composed of the caudate nucleus and putamen, the lentiform nucleus, which is composed of the putamen and the globus pallidus. The substantia nigra and the subthalamic nuclei are also related to the basal ganglia. (Duffy, 2013) The interconnections that receive excitatory input come from the prefrontal cortex, and the substantia nigra and inhibitory output go to the thalamus to the prefrontal motor areas of the …show more content…
He is being evaluated for problems with swallowing, but his speech is intelligible. The patient shows physical characteristics of tremor and bradykinesia. Bradykinesia means slowness of movement, and tremor is rhythmic involuntary movement at rest. (Duffy, 2013) The speech characteristics the patient shows are monopitch, reduced stress, monoloudness, imprecise consonants, inappropriate silences, short rushes and harsh voice quality.
Etiology
As previously stated, Thomas’s physical and speech characteristics are caused by a neurotransmitter imbalance affected by basal ganglia motor circuit damage. The exact cause of his primary diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease is unknown, but the cause of the characteristics of hypokinetic dysarthria are due to nerve cell loss in the substantia nigra and reduced dopamine levels in the striatum. (Duffy, 2013)
Assessment Description
Formal assessment was completed using the Frenchay Dysarthria Assessment (FDA-2). Based on the patient’s performance, a diagnosis of mild hypokinetic dysarthria was determined. This assessment focused on intelligibility, reflexes, respiration, information provided by the patient and ratings of nonspeech oromotor activities. (Duffy, 2013) Due to the patient’s speech being so intelligible, the dysarthria was classified as …show more content…
Slowing down the speech rate will allow the patient to increase control of initiating movement to produce correct articulation. (Freed, 2012) This strategy will be effective because it requires the patient to keep his finger in between the slots, which if there were no slots, would be difficult to accomplish due to his

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