Table of content Content Page
Introduction
History
Background
Purpose of study
Research Questions
Research Objectives
Hypothesis
Assumptions
Limitations
Definition of terms
Summary
Overview of study

Introduction
This introduction presents a context for this dissertation and helps clarify to the reader how fulfillment of the research aims and objectives will make a contribution to management of the campus. The discussion starts off with a background and purpose of the research project, and then it explains the research focus and gives a brief overview of the project‘s approach towards a literature research.

History of Green computing

In 1992, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency launched Energy Star, a voluntary labeling program which is designed to promote and recognize energy-efficiency in monitors, climate control equipment, and other technologies. This resulted in the widespread adoption of sleep mode among consumer electronics. The term "green computing" was probably coined shortly after the Energy Star program began; For a PC disposal, it is necessary to know everything there is to know in order to be involved in green computing. Basically, the whole green aspect came about quite a few years back when the news that the environment was not a renewable resource really hit home and people started realizing that they had to do their part to protect the environment. Basically, the efficient use of computers and computing is what green computing is all about. The triple bottom line is what is important when it comes to anything green and the same goes for green computing. This considers social responsibility, economic viability and the impact on the environment. Many businesses simply focus on a bottom line, rather than a green triple bottom line, of economic viability when it comes to computers. The idea is to make the whole process surrounding computers friendlier to the environment, economy, and society. This means manufacturers create computers in a way that reflects the triple bottom line positively. Once computers are sold businesses or people use them in a green way by reducing power usage and disposing of them properly or recycling them. The idea is to make computers from beginning to end a green product.

Background
Over the past decade, green computing has proven itself to be the most concerning issue for the businesses and governments around the globe as computing becomes increasingly pervasive. Green computing is a movement to apply higher environmental standards to the manufacture, use, and disposal of computer technology. Examples include computers with advanced power management systems, computers made to run on alternative energy sources, and computers made without any environmentally-dangerous materials. Green computing is also a way of using computers that takes their energy consumption into account, and it can involve placing some of the responsibility for the carbon emissions of a computer on the consumer.
In some cases, green computing can apply strictly to the manufacturing process used to create a computer. Some companies take special measures to ensure that their manufacturing process doesn’t pollute the environment. Other companies find ways to offset any future energy use involving their computer components. There are special companies that allow individuals and other corporations to pay carbon offset fees, and then they generally put that money towards environmentally-friendly activities to make up for the carbon emissions. Some green computing companies take advantage of these services, and they may even use their green status as part of an advertising campaign.
One of the main ways that companies apply concepts of green computing is in the area of power efficiency. Many computer systems are designed so that components will shut themselves down to reduce energy consumption when they aren't being used. Another approach is to simply design components that get the same job done while using less power.
As a general rule, smaller computers require less energy to run, and this has been one of the reasons some consumers have adopted smaller hardware. For example, a desktop computer will generally require more power over the course of its lifetime than a laptop or notebook. The smaller computers are often weaker in terms of computing power, but this difference can be relatively insignificant for the purposes of most basic computer activity. In some cases, a consumer can apply the ideas of green computing by simply choosing to use a notebook or laptop as a primary system.
In the business world, some corporate leaders are embracing the idea of green computing purely for financial reasons. This is generally focused on reducing the company’s energy bills, and there may not be any environmentally-conscious thinking involved in the decision. These companies often have strict requirements about the activities of employees, asking them to reduce their power consumption while on the job through turning devices off at certain times and other measures. Green computing seeks to minimize the environmental impact of information technologies. This is done by implementing several core concepts that impact products which are deployed in the business environment and how those products are managed.
Here we look at core concepts of green computing that help can help form the basis of any environmentally sustainable business model

Purpose of the study
Green computing is important to society due to the prolific manufacturing and use of electronic equipment in modern societies. In addition to the environmental impacts of the energy production necessary to run this equipment, of concern are the materials used to produce electronics, and how to dispose of electronic waste.

Research Questions 1. What is green computing? 2. Why is green computing important to campus? 3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of the Green computing? 4.

Research objectives
1. Environmental Sustainability – Green IT ensures the diversity and productiveness of the biological systems since it reduces negative impact of the processes through green use, design, disposal and green manufacturing.

2. Better Resource Utilization – Green computing is a powerful approach to utilize resources such as office space, data centers, computers, heat, light, electrical power etc. in an environmental friendly way.
3. Cost Saving – Since you’re utilizing resources efficiently through green computing, there is a significant saving in the total operational costs.
4. Improved Corporate and Social Image – Green computing is a big hand for the businesses to improve their corporate image by meeting compliance and regulatory requirements. It also a good way to meet sustainability demands of the customers and employees.

Hypothesis Assumptions green computing seeks to minimize negative environmental impacts through the responsible use of electronics, through the creation of energy-efficient designs (such as with, through the implementation of recycling programs that can repurpose existing computers, and through the designing of manufacturing processes that minimize waste. the regular practices that can be employed by the home electronic or computer user to support green computing include the use of the sleep or hibernate functions when not actively using a unit, powering computers completely off overnight, considering the purchase of refurbished units as opposed to new ones, and complying with local guidelines for the safe and responsible disposal of waste equipment.

Limitations 1. Green computing could actually be quite costly.
Given that there has been a green process that the computer will have gone through in order to make the computer in the first place; there will usually be some kind of added cost when the computer has been finished. Green computing takes a lot of new technology, and hence, you may find that you will have to pay a premium price for your new green computer.
A perfect example is that the greenest modern computers today are Mac books and Mac book Pros. These computers are hardly inexpensive - they're actually some of the most expensive computers in the market. 2. Some computers that are green may be considerably underpowered.
Some people may need incredibly power-consuming and powerful computers to deal with the tasks that they need them to do. This is another disadvantage that many people who have high-powered computers believe to have with green computers.

Another issue would be that powerful and green computers are more expensive. For instance, Apple's powerful range of computers, including their iMacs, is incredibly green but is also incredibly expensive.

3. Rapid technology change, Low initial cost, and with planned obsolescence has resulted in a fast-growing surplus of unused hardware around the globe. Dave Kruch, CEO of Cash For Laptops, regards electronic waste as a "rapidly expanding" issue.

4. Technical solutions are available But in most cases a legal framework, a collection system, logistics, and other services need to be implemented before a technical solution can be applied.

Definitions of terms
· Green Use – Using resources in such a way that reduces the usage of hazardous materials.
· Green Design – Designing objects and services that comply with the environment.
· Green Disposal – Recycling e-waste with no or little impact on the environment.
· Green Manufacturing – The discovery and development of new products that reduces or eliminates the use or generation of hazardous substances in manufacturing.

Energy Star- Environment - the surroundings of, and influences on, a particular item of interest. Green Computing-is an application of environmental science which offers economically possible solutions that conserve natural environment and its resources. Recycle-to break down and reuse component materials. Sustainable - able to be produced or sustained for an indefinite period without damaging the environment or without depleting a resource, renewable.
Summary
Green computing should mean environmentally safe, computer recyclable parts, power down features, and low carbon emissions. Also known as green technology, Green computing, the study of efficient and eco-friendly computing resources, is under the attention of environmental organizations, and businesses from other industries. In recent years, companies in the computer industry have come to realize that going green is in their best interest, both in terms of public relations and reduced costs. This paper presents at several green initiatives currently under way in the computer industry, as well as issues that have been raised regarding these initiatives and presents a study with an example to learn more about the future of green computing. green computing seeks to minimize negative environmental impacts through the responsible use of electronics, through the creation of energy-efficient designs, through the implementation of recycling programs that can repurpose existing computers, and through the designing of manufacturing processes that minimize waste.

Overview of green computing
When it comes to PC disposal you need to know everything there is to know in order to be involved in green computing. Basically, the whole green aspect came about quite a few years back when the news that the environment was not a renewable resource really hit home and people started realizing that they had to do their part to protect the environment. [4] Many governments worldwide have initiated energy-management programs, such as Energy Star, an international standard for energy-efficient electronic equipment that was created by the United States Environmental Protection Agency in 1992 and has now been adopted by several other countries. Energy Star reduces the amount of energy consumed by a product by automatically switching it into ―sleep mode when not in use or reducing the amount of power used by a product when in ―standby mode. Surprisingly, standby ―leaking, the electricity consumed by appliances when they are switched off, can represent as much as 12 percent of a typical household‘s electricity consumption. Basically, the efficient use of computers and computing is what green computing is all about. The triple bottom line is what is important when it comes to anything green and the same goes for green computing. This considers social responsibility, economic viability and the impact on the environment. Many business simply focus on a bottom line, rather than a green triple bottom line, of economic viability when it comes to computers. The idea is to make the whole process surrounding computers more friendly to the environment, economy, and society. This means manufacturers create computers in a way that reflects the triple bottom line positively. Once computers are sold businesses or people use them in a green way by reducing power usage and disposing of them properly or recycling them. The idea is to make computers from beginning to end a green product. The solution to green computing is to create an efficient system that implements these factors in an environmentally friendly way. A good example would be IT managers purchasing hardware that has been EPEAT approved meaning that maintenance is reduced, the hardware's life is extended, and makes recycling the computer easy once it is no longer necessary. Mobile phones are better than computers – green computing. What do you use your computer for? Surfing Internet, chat, gaming, social networking, downloading, desktop computing including documents, spreadsheets or presentation making or just watching your photos and videos ? Today‗s mobile phones are capable of doing it all, rather sometimes more than the traditional phones. They have faster processors, more ram, faster wireless Internet connectivity and larger memories. Mobile Phones consume very low power. VIA Technologies, a Taiwanese company that manufactures motherboard chipsets, CPUs, and other computer hardware, introduced its initiative for "green computing If everyone takes into account green computing then our world of computers will have as little a negative impact on our physical world as possible and that is what green computing is all about.