...Industrial Organizational Psychology Paper Edward Oliver, Jr. 435/ Industrial Organizational Psychology May 23, 2012 Dr. Keisha Pou Industrial Organizational Psychology Paper In the 21st century various companies in the United States and internationally have used Industrial Organizational Psychology (I/O) in the workplace. For example, AT&T use extrinsic rewards programs to motivate their sales representative to increase sell volumes at each mobility center. Kaiser Permanente also has extrinsic rewards if the departments in the faculties have a high score in customer service they receive an expenses paid vacation to an exotic island in the Bahamas or Caribbean. In this paper the author will identify the evolution of Industrial/Organizational psychology, the difference of Industrial/Organizational psychology and other disciples of psychology, the use of Industrial/Organizational psychology in companies, and the role of Industrial/Organizational psychology in research and statistics. The evolution of Industrial/Organizational Psychology According to Spector (2008), the evolution of I/O psychology begins in the twentieth century, which started in the late 1800s. The two psychologists responsible for I/O psychology is Hugo Munsterberg and Walter Dill Scott both of these...
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...Industrial/Organizational Psychology Worksheet The purpose of this assignment is to examine the fundamental concepts of the field of industrial/organizational psychology. Using the textbook, the University Library, the Internet, and/or other resources, answer the following questions. Your responses to each question will vary but overall should be 700- to 1,050-words in length. 1. Describe the evolution of the field of industrial/organizational psychology. During World War I the United States and United Kingdom began to implement the industrial/organization (I/O) response to the military’s request with private and government sectors (Spector, 2012). The United States, I/O were more concerned with an employee’s performance and organizational productivity. The United Kingdom directed more energy toward the health and fatigue of employees (Spector, 2012). The I/O continued to rise after the World War I in many areas used in the world today (Spector, 2012). (Spector. 2012) says “I/O psychology is an eclectic field that has borrowed concepts, ideas, techniques, and theories from many other disciplines.” These experiments played a major role in the development of I/O by providing principles and different techniques (Spector, 2012). Much in the twentieth century, professors mentor students, teach college courses, write textbooks, as well as research papers. This practice of I/O allow psychologist to analyze jobs, design employee performance systems and training programs, which assist...
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...Industrial/Organizational Psychology Pamela Groves PSY/435 January 7, 2012 Frank Del Grosso Jr. Industrial/Organizational Psychology The paper will examine the evolution of the field of industrial/organizational psychology, and how industrial/organizational psychology is different from other disciplines in psychology. Industrial/organization psychology can be used in organizations and it focuses on the employees performance and how to make it better. The report will include the role of research and statistics in I/O psychology. The evolution of I/O psychology started in the twentieth century. Industrial and organizational psychology states; “I/O psychology is a twentieth century invention, with roots in the late 1800s and early 1900s. It has existed almost from the beginning of the psychology field.” Experimental psychologists were interested in applying I/O work to organizations. The problems that were associated with I/O were job performance and efficiency in the work place. Hugo M’unsterburg and Water Dill Scott were the two psychologists that were the founders of the field (Spector, 2008). The first text book about I/O psychology was published in 1913 (Spector, 2008). I/O psychologists focus on more of the way tasks are done on a job, and give certain types of test to each person to find out which person is better for the job. I/O psychologist seems to be interested in picking what tasks can be improved on the job. There was a group of Psychologist who help boost...
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...Industrial/Organizational psychology in the workplace is more of a necessity than ever before, especially in the military. The United States is currently facing worldwide threats from multiple entities and having the right people in the right place at the right time with the right skill set is a matter of life and death. This can be accomplished by recruiting, testing, employing, training and placing the most capable people in the right occupation. I/O psychologist has provided the military with great resources to include research, experiments, counseling and advice. These psychologists will continue to provide these types of services in the years to come not just for the military, but other occupations around the world. Recruiting and...
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...Goals Statement I have chosen to study Industrial Organizational psychology as a result a fascination and appreciation for the complex relationships that determine the performance, motivation, and relationships between individuals. My personal area of interest includes training programs and understanding the significant factors that mediate electronic learning performance of newly available technological innovations. Inspired by training areas such as adaptive learning systems and e-learning modules, I have chosen to purse a master’s degree in order to develop the professional skills and knowledge needed to successfully peruse a career as a consultant. These include the ability to conduct reliable research and provide organizations with innovative solutions to increase training efficiency with tools such as e-learning...
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...Most I/O devices interface to the CPU in a fashion quite similar to memory. Indeed, many devices appear to the CPU as though they were memory devices. To output data to the outside world the CPU simply stores data into a "memory" location and the data magically appears on some connectors external to the computer. Similarly, to input data from some external device, the CPU simply transfers data from a "memory" location into the CPU; this "memory" location holds the value found on the pins of some external connector. An output port is a device that looks like a memory cell to the computer but contains connections to the outside world. An I/O port typically uses a latch rather than a flip-flop to implement the memory cell. When the CPU writes to the address associated with the latch, the latch device captures the data and makes it available on a set of wires external to the CPU and memory system (see Figure 7.1). Note that output ports can be write-only, or read/write. The port in Figure 7.1, for example, is a write-only port. Since the outputs on the latch do not loop back to the CPU's data bus, the CPU cannot read the data the latch contains. Both the address decode and write control lines must be active for the latch to operate; when reading from the latch's address the decode line is active, but the write control line is not. Figure 7.1 A Typical Output Port Figure 7.2 shows how to create a read/write input/output port. The data written to the output port loops...
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...Chapter 6 - Exercises 1. [10 points] What is memory mapped I/O? An I/O scheme in which portions of address space are assigned to I/O devices, and reads and writes to those addresses are interpreted as commands to the I/O device 2. [10 points] Why is DMA an improvement over CPU programmed I/O? When CPU programmed I/O is used the CPU is usually fully occupied for the entire duration of the read or write operation and is unavailable to perform other work. With DMA the CPU initiates the transfer, does other operations while the transfer is in progress, and receives an interrupt form the DMA controller when the operation is complete. This frees up the CPU for other tasks. 3. [10 points] When would DMA transfer be a poor choice? When the amount of data transferred between memory and the I\O device is small. In this case the work to set it up would be more than the benefits of having it. 4. [15 points] Mention two advantages and disadvantages for using a single bus as a shared communication link between memory, processor and I/O devices. Advantages: versatility and low cost Disadvantages: communication bottleneck 5. [15 points] What is the average time to read or write a 512-byte sector for a typical disk rotating at 7200 RPM? The advertised average seek time is 8ms, the transfer rate is 20MB/sec, and the controller overhead is 2ms. Assume that the disk is idle so that there is no waiting time. -8 + (.5*60*1000/7200) + (512/20*2^20) * 1000...
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...Fundamental Concepts of Industrial and Organizational Psychology The “American Psychological Association” (2012) website explains industrial and organizational (I/O) psychology as a general practice specialty of professional psychology that focuses on scientifically based solutions toward human difficulties in work and other organizational settings. I/O psychology provides solutions by way of development and application of scientific principles to the workplace (Spector, 2008). This discipline contains a facet that focuses on research as well as an application facet. Some in I/O psychology invest much of their time conducting and cataloguing research regarding people at work, while others focus on the application of the concepts generated from such research. A general overview with an emphasis on the evolution, the contrast toward other disciplines, the use of, and the role of research can provide a clear understanding of industrial and organizational psychology. Amidst the full swing of the industrial revolution, factory managers were faced with the challenge of maximizing resources. Challenges like this created a need for workplace psychology and I/O psychology quickly filled that need. The beginning stages of this discipline solely placed emphasis on the industrial component of the workplace and viewed the employees as expendable (Spector, 2008). At this stage industrial psychology sought solutions toward creating the greatest return for the least amount...
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...Psychology in the Business World: The Opportunities and Challenges for a Psychology Major 1. Background of the Study 2.1 How can psychology be defined? Ciccarelli and White (2012), defines psychology as the “scientific study of behavior and mental processes”. Merriam-Webster dictionary (2014), on the other hand, defines psychology as “the science of mind and behavior”. It generally is a field that revolves about how and why a living thing act and behave and the processes in the mind that comes with the behavior. The American Psychological Association (2014) furthermore defines psychology as a study concerning the mind and behavior of the human being, involving everything from how the brain functions to why a certain person behaves. Basically, psychology is a field that studies human and their behavior with the goal of analysis on the mind as to why their behavior is such. 2.2 What are the uses of psychology in the business world? Psychology can be used in the business world by means of helping the employees achieve their optimum performance level and still be happy about their job (Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Inc. [SIOP], 2014). Psychologists work in the human resources department, in the managerial department, in the administration, and more. It is use to develop and utilize an employee’s ability to perform even better at his job. Psychology is used to ensure harmony amongst the people in the organization. It is also concerned...
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...of Phoenix Material Industrial/Organizational Psychology Worksheet The purpose of this assignment is to examine the fundamental concepts of the field of industrial/organizational psychology. Using the textbook, the University Library, the Internet, and/or other resources, answers the following questions. Your responses to each question will vary but overall should be 700- to 1,050-words in length. 1. Describe the evolution of the field of industrial/organizational psychology. I/O psychology was founded in the late 1800’s and early 1900’s. Experimental psychologist was the first to apply the principles of psychology to problems in organizations (Spector, 2012). As these researchers have improved they have reached a lot more organizations in the century of today. Hugo Munsteberg and Walter Dill Scott where the two experimental psychologist whom started and have applied problems of organizations to psychology. These men where interested in the same thing in the research process of I/O psychology. World War I was the beginning of I/O psychology to assist the war. Another event that I/O psychology helped was Civil Rights Act of 1964 which helped to improve the hiring and treatment of employees (Spector, 2012). I/O psychology also helped discrimination against women and minorities in the workplace. I/O psychology also helped to improve organizations and work conditions for employees. This kind of psychology has also help with the right of men and women of...
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...Industrial and Organizational Psychology Ronda White Industrial and Organizational Psychology PSY 435 April 2, 2012 Ronald Goodnight Industrial and Organizational Psychology Although industrial and organizational (I/O) psychology is an invention of the 20th century, roots of the profession begin in the late 1800s, and early 1900s with the infancy of psychology itself. These pioneers concerning themselves solely upon the industrial side of the profession had interests in placing into work new principles of psychology to improve efficiency in organization, and job performance. Through this beginning, I/O psychology continues to expand and develop into the psychological discipline it is today. A simple definition or practical applications of I/O psychology are the mere pinnacles in understanding the scope of the discipline. Examining the evolution of I/O psychology, in addition to explaining the role of research and statistics in I/O psychology will reveal the foundation upon which the pinnacles rest (Spector, 2008). Evolution of I/O Psychology The credit for the development of I/O psychology lies with Walter Dill and Hugo Münsterberg. Both individuals were professors and experimental psychologists who began applying principles of psychology to organization’s problems. Münsterberg’s interests in employee selection processes brought about the use of psychological testing. His inability to gain acceptability and respect for his theories at Harvard, or...
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...Industrial/Organizational Psychology The field of industrial/organizational psychology is one, which provides a fundamental concept that are essential to assist in the improvement in the quality of the environment for employees while also positively affecting the efficiency of the employees behavior and productiveness in that environment (Barnes-Holmes et. al., 2006, p. 56.) The field of industrial and organizational psychology (I/O) has had a very significant evolution from its original concepts to what it is today. This study is vastly different from other disciplines of psychology in many ways as one may find within this paper. The paper will also include a brief explanation of how I/O psychology can be used in organizations and the role that research and statistics plays within the field. Evolution of I/O Psychology The evolution of I/O psychology was identified in the 20th century rooting back to the late 1800s and early 1900s. It has had a large influence to the Western society even though it is seen in many other societies. During the industrial revolution it became relevant how I/O psychology has become an asset to industries and organizations. The field started its focus on job performance and organizational efficiency and evolved to what it is today. The new principles of psychology and its applications to problems in organizations heightened the interest of experimental psychologist. Two, which have been given credit with founding the field of I/O psychology, Hugo Munsterberg...
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...Industrial/Organizational Psychology Paper (PSY435) Industrial/Organizational Psychology Paper The field of industrial and organizational (I/O) psychology has been studied since the infancy of psychology itself (Spector, 2008). In the beginning, I/O psychology was wholly concerned with the industrial side of the field—which concentrated on the management aspects of business and emphasized human resources—as opposed to the organization side, which is concerned with improving work conditions in the workplace. Yet, as the field has grown over the years it has come to include the full spectrum of industry and organization. Strictly speaking, I/O psychology is defined as, “…an applied field that is concerned with the development and application of scientific principles to the workplace” (Spector, 2008, p. 5). On a practical level, the aim of I/O psychology is to, “…improve the quality of the environment for employees as well as to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of employee behavior in that environment” (Barnes-Holmes et. al., 2006, p. 56). The concise definition and practical application of I/O psychology are only the capstone to an understanding of the length and breadth of the field. A full examination of the evolution of I/O psychology as well as an explanation of the role that research and statistics play in I/O psychology are needed to form the foundation on which the capstone is placed. Evolution of I/O Psychology I/O psychology has its roots in the late 1800s...
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... April McCormick PSY/435 April 23, 2012 Dorothy Rodwell Industrial and Organization Psychologist Industrial and organizational psychology has been the study of psychology within the workplace since the 1800”s (Spector, 2008). Industrial/Organizational Psychology is the learning of different events within the job surrounding I/O psychology is extremely important within the workplace for employees. I/O psychology helps employee’s behaviors toward each other, customers, and it helps restore the business. Industrial and organizational psychology is an incorporation of psychological principles within a workplace to solve its problems (Spector, 2008). I/O psychology is basically there to improve the environment and the quality for employees, and to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of behavior in a business (Spector, 2008). Evolution of Industrial/Organizational Psychology In the 1800s and early 1900s psychologist was applying the theories of psychology to organization of business (Spector, 2008). The two scientists who started industrial/organizational psychology are Hugo Munsterberg and Walter Dill Scott who was university professors who had an interest in employee, and application of new psychological tests of industry. Scott and Munsterberg wrote two books one in 1903 The Theory of Advertising, and in 1913 Psychology and Industrial Efficiency. In 1911Fredrick Winslow Taylor developed the theory of “Scientific Management” (Koppes, 2007, p. 313). Frank Gilbreth...
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...University of Phoenix Material Industrial/Organizational Psychology Worksheet The purpose of this assignment is to examine the fundamental concepts of the field of industrial/organizational psychology. Using the textbook, the University Library, the Internet, and/or other resources, answer the following questions. Your responses to each question will vary but overall should be 700- to 1,050-words in length. 1. Describe the evolution of the field of industrial/organizational psychology. According to Spector (2012) “I/O psychology is an eclectic field that has borrowed concepts, ideas, techniques, and theories from many other disciplines.” (p. 5). Industrial and organizational psychology, or something similar can be traced back to the studies of European scientist Herman von Helmholtz (1821-1894). He expanded on the concept of conservation of human energy to determine if the energy levels in the present labor force were sufficient to the increasing demands of the industrial revolution (Koppes, & Pickren (n.d). English philosopher John Locke (1632-1704) surmised that knowledge begins with the individual’s sensory experience. He further believed that logical thinking combined with sensory experience was superior to religion as a basis for developing a civil society (Koppes, & Pickren, n.d.). Another philosopher, Karl Marx (1818-1883) argued that freedom defined what it is to be human. He believed that a struggle for freedom existed in a capitalist system because...
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