...85 Hydraulic turbines—basic principles and state-of-theart computational fluid dynamics applications P Drtina* and M Sallaberger Sulzer Hydro AG, Zurich, Switzerland ¨ Abstract: The present paper discusses the basic principles of hydraulic turbines, with special emphasis on the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) as a tool which is being increasingly applied to gain insight into the complex three-dimensional (3D) phenomena occurring in these types of fluid machinery. The basic fluid mechanics is briefly treated for the three main types of hydraulic turbine: Pelton, Francis and axial turbines. From the vast number of applications where CFD has proven to be an important help to the design engineer, two examples have been chosen for a detailed discussion. The first example gives a comparison of experimental data and 3D Euler and 3D Navier–Stokes results for the flow in a Francis runner. The second example highlights the state-of-the-art of predicting the performance of an entire Francis turbine by means of numerical simulation. Keywords: hydraulic turbines, flow prediction, stage simulation, hill chart, Navier–Stokes and Euler computations NOTATION C, c E g h at h d H H s k K c K u K w n Q R, r T U, u W, w Z a b e f g absolute velocity (m/s) energy per unit mass (m2/s2) gravity (m/s2) atmospheric pressure head (m) vapour pressure head (m) turbine head (m) suction head (m) turbulent kinetic energy (m2/s2) normalized velocity normalized circumferential velocity normalized relative...
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...The eBook How becoming registered as a Chartered Engineer (CEng) could advance your career n n The benefits of CEng F ind out how to become professionally registered and the requirements for becoming a CEng n Student? Discover what you can do now to help your future career n n C hartered Engineers share their experiences and explain how professional registration has helped their careers FAQs and useful links CEng eBook page 2 www.engc.org.uk Contents The benefits of CEng 03 Serious about your career in engineering? Gain professional recognition 04 Eligibility 05 How to become professionally registered 06 UK-SPEC competence and commitment requirements for CEng registration 07 Student? 08 CEng case studies 09 FAQs 13 Useful weblinks 14 CEng eBook page 3 www.engc.org.uk Becoming a Chartered Engineer (CEng) could advance your career Professional registration as a CEng not only recognises your proven commitment, skills and experience as an engineer, but also identifies to employers that you have the competence, expertise and work ethic that they value. You will: n Gain a professional title that carries considerable prestige n Enhance your employability n tand S out from the crowd as a significant player in the world of engineering and technology n Enjoy greater influence within the profession n Earn...
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...1) What are the factors to be kept in mind while taking ethical decisions? Ethicist Rushworth Kidder suggests that nine steps or checkpoints can help bring order to otherwise confusing ethical issues. 1. Recognize that there is a problem. This step is critically important because it forces us to acknowledge that there is an issue that deserves our attention and helps us separate moral questions from disagreements about manners and social conventions. For example, being late for a party may be bad manners and violate cultural expectations. However, this act does not translate into a moral problem involving right or wrong. On the other hand, deciding whether to accept a kickback from a supplier is an ethical dilemma. 2. Determine the actor. Once we’ve determined that there is an ethical issue, we then need to decide who is responsible for addressing the problem. I may be concerned that the owner of a local business treats his employees poorly. Nonetheless, unless I work for the company or buy its products, there is little I can do to address this situation. 3. Gather the relevant facts. Adequate, accurate, and current information is important for making effective decisions of all kinds, including ethical ones. Details do make a difference. In deciding whether it is just to suspend a student for fighting, for instance, a school principal will want to hear from teachers, classmates, and the offender to determine the seriousness of the offense, the student’s reason for fighting...
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...Indian Streams Research Journal Vol.2,Issue.IV/May; 12pp.1-4 Prof. N. G. Alvi Research Papers ISSN:-2230-7850 “Dynamic Load and Stress Analysis of a Crankshaft” Dr. S. V. Deshmukh Prof.& Head, Bapurao Deshmukh College of Engineering, Sevagram, Wardha, India Ram.R.Wayzode Lecturer, Suryodaya College of Engineering & Technology, Nagpur, India Prof. N. G. Alvi Prof,Suryodaya College of Engineering & Technology, Nagpur,India ABSTRACT In this study a dynamic simulation was conducted on a crankshaft from a single cylinder four stroke engine. Finite element analysis was performed to obtain the variation of stress magnitude at critical locations. The pressure-volume diagram was used to calculate the load boundary condition in dynamic simulation model, and other simulation inputs were taken from the engine specification chart. The dynamic analysis was done analytically and was verified by simulation in ADAMS which resulted in the load spectrum applied to crank pin bearing. This load was applied to the FE model in ABAQUS, and boundary conditions were applied according to the engine mounting conditions. The analysis was done for different engine speeds and as a result critical engine speed and critical region on the crankshaft were obtained. Stress variation over the engine cycle and the effect of torsional load in the analysis were investigated. Results from FE analysis were verified by strain gages attached to several locations on the crankshaft. Results achieved...
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...* Export citation * PDF (228 K) * More options... Search Wear Volume 253, Issues 1–2, July 2002, Pages 9–16 CM2000 S.I. Wear and fatigue in rolling contact * Yoshitsugu Kimuraa, , , * Masami Sekizawab, * Akio Nitanaic * a Kagawa University, 1-1 Saiwai-cho, Takamatsu, Kagawa 760-8521, Japan * b NTN Corporation, 1578 Higashi-Kaizuka, Iwata, Shizuoka 438-8510, Japan * c Tamagawa University, 6-1-1 Tamagawa Gakuen, Machida, Tokyo 194-8610, Japan * http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1648(02)00077-7, How to Cite or Link Using DOI * Permissions & Reprints Abstract Researches on wear and fatigue in rolling contact from a tribological viewpoint are introduced. Transmission of traction and accompanying microslip in the contact region play critical roles in these phenomena. First, a quantitative analysis of wear in rolling contact with microslip is introduced, and it is shown that a simplified microslip theory can explain its behavior. Second, a marked change in contact fatigue life with traction is demonstrated, and a theory is introduced which relates the fatigue life with cumulative shear strain in the subsurface. Keywords * Contact fatigue; * Microslip; * Rolling contact; * Wear 1. Introduction Reduction of wear and prevention of contact fatigue are important objectives of railway technology and of tribology as well. However, these two engineering fields have been developing as different worlds, and researchers...
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...CAPITAL MARKET AND MANUFACTURING SECTOR FINANCING IN NIGERIA Ewa, Efa Okoi Department of Business Management University of Calabar, Nigeria +234-8037-796-936 efa_ewa@yahoo.com Abstract This paper discusses mainly the role of the capital market in financing the manufacturing sector in Nigeria. The discussion centered on the state of the Nigerian manufacturers, background, challenges and the imperatives of the capital market meeting the financial and investment challenges of the sector in the face of recent economic reforms and increasing competition posed by globalization. The study sought to determine the extent to which the Nigerian capital market contributes to the development of manufacturing industries. An attempt was made to highlight government intervention in funding the sector and the reality of the country’s manufacturing sector. The study revealed that the Nigerian manufacturing sector has been on the decline owing mainly to government reliance on the oil industry, the decaying infrastructural facilities in the country and non-access to investment fund by local manufacturers. The study concluded that the capital market, despite the problems and challenges it may faced, is a veritable tool in the growth and development drive of the country’s manufacturing sector. 1. Introduction The manufacturing sectors in any country of world rely on medium and long-term fund to carry out its productive activities. Equity capital alone is never adequate and external...
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...Executive Summary The following report will determine the strategic position of Rolls-Royce and the environmental impact of a new technology upon that strategic position. The report will analyse and evaluate the role and impact of short to medium range single aisle narrow body aircraft on the strategic position of Rolls-Royce. The report will focus on the civil aerospace business of Rolls-Royce and will use Rolls-Royce Inchinnan as a base model. The Boeing 737 series and Airbus A320 are the most popular aircraft ever produced with a 737 landing in the world every five seconds. The 737 in particular will reach the end of its service life within the next ten years. Southwest airlines are requesting an overdue replacement with most airframes living thirty years, the original 737 was released in 1967. The effect of the next generation 737, released in 1998, retiring will leave a considerable gap to be filled. Rolls-Royce does not power the Boeing 737which is monopolised by Pratt and Whitney and General Electric. Should Rolls-Royce attain a share of this market it will become the largest contract ever undertaken by Rolls-Royce. The new aircraft is currently under development and is expected to form the latest of aerospace technology such as composite structures, geared turbofans or open rotor designs. All of the large aerospace manufacturers are currently vying for involvement in the programme for should the new edition emanate the previous, the returns will be substantial...
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...CONTENTS CORPORATE OVERVIEW (1-31) Board of Directors Senior Management Corporate Information Chairman’s Statement Designed to Deliver Product Range Global Presence Milestones Winners From Tata Motors Customer Satisfaction Green Mobility Human Resources Corporate Social Responsibility FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS (32-45) Pace in Performance Summarised Balance Sheet and Statement of Profit and Loss (Standalone & Consolidated) Fund Flow Statement Subsidiary Companies: Financial Highlights Financial Statistics STATUTORY REPORTS (46-122) Notice Directors’ Report Management Discussion and Analysis Report on Corporate Governance Awards and Achievements FINANCIALS Standalone Financials (123-168) Auditors’ Report Balance Sheet Profit and Loss Statement Cash Flow Statement Notes to Accounts Consolidated Financials (169-206) Auditors’ Report Balance Sheet Profit and Loss Statement Cash Flow Statement Notes to Accounts Attendance Slip and Proxy Form ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING Date: Friday, August 10, 2012 Time: 3.00 p.m. Venue: Birla Matushri Sabhagar, 19, Sir Vithaldas Thackersey Marg, Mumbai 400 020. 2 6 7 8 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 Tata Motors began operations in 1945. Since that time, we have remained committed to our values and our stakeholders. We have maintained a consistent focus on strengthening our organisation, and expanding our presence. Today, through our subsidiaries and associate companies, we already operate in the UK, South Korea, Thailand, Spain and South Africa. Our forays...
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...The consumer potential of Collaborative Consumption Identifying (the) motives of Dutch collaborative consumers & Measuring the consumer potential of Collaborative Consumption within the municipality of Amsterdam ECTS: 45 Supervisor: Dr. Mendel Giezen Second reader: Dr. Frank van Laerhoven Author: Pieter van de Glind Blancefloorstraat 17-2 1055 TC Amsterdam The Netherlands Pieter1987@Gmail.com St. N. 3845494 Research MSc in Sustainable Development – Environmental Governance Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, the Netherlands August, 2013 Picture: Botsman, R. and Rogers, R. (2011). What’s mine is yours. How Collaborative Consumption is changing the way we live. HarperCollinsPublishers: London. 2 Summary Collaborative Consumption (CC) is a new socioeconomic groundswell in which traditional sharing, bartering, lending, trading, renting, gifting, and swapping are redefined through technology and peer communities. It is characterized by access, instead of ownership, to products and services thereby benefiting people, profit and planet. This ‘new’ form of sustainable consumption and entrepreneurship has the ability to transform business, consumerism, and the way people live (Botsman and Rogers, 2011). Examples of CC have been growing rapidly over the past few years. However, there is a dearth of empirical evidence about the actual growth potential of CC. Therefore, the knowledge gap addressed in this thesis is this dearth of empirical evidence and ultimately the...
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...A Review of Business–University Collaboration Professor Sir Tim Wilson DL February 2012 Preface Just as castles provided the source of strength for medieval towns, and factories provided prosperity in the industrial age, universities are the source of strength in the knowledge‐based economy of the twenty‐first century. Lord Dearing, September 2002 The words of Lord Dearing continue to ring true. The economic and social prosperity of the UK depends upon a healthy knowledge‐based economy. In our globally competitive economic environment, never before has there been a greater need for a talented, enterprising workforce, for constant innovation in product and service development, for a thriving culture of entrepreneurship, for dynamic leading‐edge scientific and technological development and for world‐class research that attracts investment. In collaboration with business, and with the support of government, the UK university sector has the capability to fulfil Lord Dearing’s vision: to be the source of strength in the UK’s knowledge based economy of the twenty first century. Universities are an integral part of the skills and innovation supply chain to business. However, this supply chain is not a simple linear supplier‐purchaser transaction; it is not the acquisition of a single product or service. This supply chain is multi‐dimensional, it has to be sustainable, and it has to have quality, strength and resilience. These attributes can only be secured through close collaboration...
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