...time-consuming exercise, a good, in-depth interview should suffice to develop a theoretical framework. Discuss this statement. Answer: Literature survey is the documentation of a comprehensive review of the published and unpublished work from secondary sources data in the areas of specific interest to the researcher. For example, the library is a rich storage base for secondary data and researchers used to spend several weeks and sometimes months going through books, journals, newspapers, magazines, conference proceedings, doctoral dissertations, master's theses, government publications and financial reports to find information on their research topic. An in-depth interview is a qualitative research technique that allows person to person discussion. It can lead to increased insight into people thoughts, feelings, and behavior on important issues. This type of interview is often unstructured and therefore permits the interviewer to encourage an informant (or respondent) to talk at length about the topic of interest. The in-depth interview uses a flexible interview approach. It aims to ask questions to explain the reasons underlying a problem or practice in a target group. It is the technique to gather ideas and to gather information. Both the literature survey and in-depth interview methods are contributing one another in term of developing a theoretical framework. A typical theoretical framework with the help of both literature survey and in-depth interview approach provides a schematic...
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...looking at actions by researchers that shoe a lack of concern for the participants. Under this heading are such actions as contacting respondents at inconvenient times, wasting participant’s time because of inappropriate research and poorly prepared interviews. Advantage and disadvantage of interview |Advantage |Disadvantage | |Increasing knowledge |Not suitable for personal matters | |Explore cause behind the problem |Time consuming | |Solving labor problems |Biases of interviewer | |Sufficient information |Costly | |Flexible |Inefficiency of the interviewer | http://thebusinesscommunication.com/advantage-and-disadvantage-of-interview/ Method • Interview with questionnaires - standing - questionnaires • Selected interview...
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...looking at actions by researchers that shoe a lack of concern for the participants. Under this heading are such actions as contacting respondents at inconvenient times, wasting participant’s time because of inappropriate research and poorly prepared interviews. Advantage and disadvantage of interview |Advantage |Disadvantage | |Increasing knowledge |Not suitable for personal matters | |Explore cause behind the problem |Time consuming | |Solving labor problems |Biases of interviewer | |Sufficient information |Costly | |Flexible |Inefficiency of the interviewer | http://thebusinesscommunication.com/advantage-and-disadvantage-of-interview/ Method • Interview with questionnaires - standing - questionnaires • Selected interview...
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...police officers are most often involved in work-related accidents such as rescue operations, falls during chase, and vehicle crashes. They typically live under regular anxiety of physical hazard, work lengthy, irregular hours, and most often exposed to disagreeable sides of living. The research has shown than this can leads to mental stress, family problems, and behavioral troubles. This could come from police officers increase his or her health problems as the consequence of spending a great deal of time outside. Unavoidable bodily contact with people who have infectious diseases is a serious health hazard. The purpose of this research is to make the police job less hazardous but first we must find the best research method, choose an interview structure, ask questions, provide advantages of qualitative over quantitative gathering strategy approaches, and while conducting a survey research how consent and confidentiality are important. Research Method Purposed While, purposing a research method we must select potential subjects to do the research on which the Cluster Sample. Cluster sampling is the more specific technique is helping us eliminated potential subjects, which is eliminates everybody except police officers. Next we must select randomly the sample of subjects to be most often used in the study. For example, we would ask police...
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...Marketing Research qualitative data collection methods Carla C Martins Focus Group Focus Group • A carefully planned discussion conducted by a trained interviewer (moderator, facilitator) in a permissive, non-threatening environment . • Composed by a small group of ideally seven to ten people with common characteristics relating to discussion topic. • Used for generating data to enable the comprehension of a specific topic under study. • The open-ended interaction of focus groups stimulates thoughts and emotions which are not ordinarily forthcoming in an individual interview, or through the examination of how people behave. Focus Group Business Research More structured approach Active moderator More use of stimulus Pre-defined questions Emphasis on content Academic Research Less controled Moderator facilitator Emphasis in the discussion among participants Focus on the process Less participants per group Focus Group Phase I: Planning Three Phase Process Phase II: Conducting Sessions Phase III: Analyzing & Reporting Focus Group Phase I: Planning PLANNING THE FOCUS GROUP 1. Generating questions – the focus group guide 2. Definition of groups 3. Participant Recruitment 4. Logistics and Agenda Focus Group Phase I: Planning 1.1. Focus group guide development • Think about the problem • Brainstorming • Five to six major topics • Open-ended questions • Careful with “Why?” questions • Avoid dichotomous questions ...
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...Types of interview Interviews may be highly formalised and structured, using standardised questions for each research participant (often called a respondent) (Section 11.2), or they may be infor- mal and unstructured conversations. In between there are intermediate positions. One typology that is commonly used is thus related to the level of formality and structure, whereby interviews may be categorised as one of: * structured interviews; * semi-structured interviews; * unstructured or in-depth interviews. Another typology (Healey 1991; Healey and Rawlinson 1993, 1994) differentiates between: * standardised interviews; * non-standardised interviews. Robson (2002), based on the work of Powney and Watts (1987), refers to a different typology: * respondent (participant) interviews; * informant interviews. There is overlap between these different typologies, although consideration of each typology adds to our overall understanding of the nature of research interviews. Structured interviews use questionnaires based on a predetermined and ‘standardised’ or identical set of questions and we refer to them as interviewer-administered question- naires (Section 11.2). You read out each question and then record the response on a stan- dardised schedule, usually with pre-coded answers (Sections 11.4 and 12.2). While there is social interaction between you and the participant, such as the preliminary explanations that you will need...
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...Evaluation of the qualitative study: ‘In the Club: Ecstasy Use and Supply in a London Nightclub’ Table of contents: 1. Overview 3 2. Qualitative research approach methods and Quantitative research approach 4 3. The strength and weakness of Observation data collection 6 4. The strength and weaknesses of in-depth interview 6 5. Focus group discussion 7 6. Conclusion 9 7. References 10 Overview The aim of this report is to evaluate the qualitative study ‘In the Club: Ecstasy Use and Supply in a London Nightclub’ by Bill Sanders which was published in 2005 in the Sociology journal. The report will give a brief overview of the research aims, a description of the methods used, and explain the main findings reported in the paper that have been selected. A discussion of why a qualitative research approach has been chosen for the research question or questions posed in the study will also be evaluated. Furthermore, the use of an extended evaluation of the strengths and weaknesses of the method or methods used in the research will focus in particular upon their appropriateness to the project’s key research question or questions posed and the robustness of the claims made in the article. Finally, a consideration of the potential contribution that a different qualitative method could have on the research question asked will be conducted to assess its strengths and weaknesses. The research was to explore what was widely known about...
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...Telephone Company Q.1 - What may be the reasons for Industrial Surveys recommending in-depth individual interviews instead of focus groups in this context? Answer: Industrial surveys recommended in-depth individual interviews over focus groups after comprehending the situation. Although both are used for qualitative purposes, which are the current requirements in the context, however In-depth interview is preferred as it provides detailed perceptions, opinions, beliefs, and attitudes on the research objectives that have already been specified by the organization. On the contrary focus groups are used more to initiate brain storming or if they company or organization needs to get diverse and broad range of opinions on a particular topic. Moreover in-depth interviews would allow the firm to interview professionals or people relevant to the particular field and gain more from their experience of using telecommunication products. This will in turn give Mountain Bell more depth and knowledge from first hand users to improve upon their existing practices. Furthermore since it is on one to one basis in-depth interviews can be scheduled according to the convenience of the industry professionals being interviewed. Q.2 - What are the limitations of the proposed questionnaire? Answer: The questionnaire has certain limitations that may cause the result to vary from the ideal responses. Firstly the interviews are conducted in only the Denver area hospitals which may limit the responses to a...
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...about a particular topic - usually in slightly more depth than with a postal questionnaire. 2. It can be used as a powerful form of formative assessment. That is, it can be used to explore how a respondent feels about a particular topic before using a second method (such as observation or in- depth interviewing) to gather a greater depth of information. Structured interviews can also be used to identify respondents whose views you may want to explore in more detail (through the use of focused interviews, for example). 3. All respondents are asked the same questions in the same way. This makes it easy to repeat (“replicate”) the interview. In other words, this type of research method is easy to standardise. 4. Provides a reliable source of quantitative data. 5. The researcher is able to contact large numbers of people quickly, easily and efficiently 1. Can be time consuming if sample group is very large (this is because the researcher or their representative needs to be present during the delivery of the structured interview). 2. The quality and usefulness of the information is highly dependent upon the quality of the questions asked. The interviewer cannot add or subtract questions. 3. A substantial amount of pre-planning is required. 4. The format of questionnaire design makes it difficult for the researcher to examine complex issues and opinions. Even where open-ended questions are used, the depth of answers the respondent can provide tend to be more-limited ...
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...stores. * To analyze the buying behavior of customers in multi brand stores. * To understand the consumer behavior regarding a multi brand cosmetic store, NewU stores. Literature Review Completed: Yes Research Methodology: * The methodology used for the research will be mixed, quantitative and qualitative. * The quantitative research will be used for the analysis of questionnaires responses. * The qualitative research will be used for analysis for the depth interviews responses. Database: * The primary data collection will be done by the questionnaires and the depth interviews. * The secondary data collection will be done by the different sources like internet, text books and reports. Sample Size and Sampling Method: * The sample size for questionnaires is 150. The judgmental sampling method will be used for questionnaires responses. * The sample size for depth interviews will be 10. The stratified sampling method will be used for depth interviews. Research Tools: * The tools used to analyze the quantitative research data will be SPSS for factor analysis. * The tools used to analyze the qualitative research data will be Microsoft Excel to make narrative summary. Status of Progress: During the research process and implementation of previous stated research methodology, I faced some problems and to solve these problems, I have made some changes. To find the factors which affect to make purchase from...
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... Face-to face interviews are conducted between a market researcher and a respondent. Data is collected on a survey. Some surveys are very rigid or 'structured' and use closed questions. Data is easily compared. Other face-to-face interviews are more 'in depth,' and depend upon more open forms of questioning. The research will probe and develop points of interest. Advantages of face-to-face interviews: 1. They allow more 'depth' 2. Physical prompts such as products and pictures can be used 3. Body language can emphasize responses 4. Respondents can be 'observed' at the same time Disadvantages of face-to-face interviews: 1. Interviews can be expensive 2. It can take a long period of time to arrange and conduct. 3. Some respondents will give biased responses when face-to-face with a researcher. What is necessary for the success of this method? Studies found that using interviews was more reliable than random assignment to positions. Structured interviews, question format, and rating scales are three mechanisms that enhance the likelihood of an interviewer getting the necessary information and evaluating it to make the best hiring decision. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of telephone interviewing. Telephone ownership is very common in developed countries. It is ideal for collecting data from a geographically dispersed sample. The interviews tend to be very structured and tend to lack depth. Telephone interviews are cheaper to conduct...
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...A Comparison of Methods in Business Research By Song Gao This essay compares the research method of case study with five other methods in business research. The five methods are focus group, in-depth interview, observation, questionnaires and field experiment. This essay provides the definition, advantages, disadvantages/limitations for each of the six methods. Moreover, five published articles related to case study method and two published articles related to each of the other five methods were found to further discuss their application in research. Case Study Definition It is an understatement that there is confusion among students, teachers and researchers about the definition of case study research. In this essay, I use the definition as follows: A case study is a study in which (a) one case (single case study) or a small number of cases (comparative case study) in their real life context are selected, and (b) scores obtained from these cases are analysed in a qualitative manner.(Dul & Hak, 2008). Advantages The case study method involves detailed, holistic investigation and can utilise a range of different measurement techniques (the case study researcher is not limited to any one methodological tool). Data can be collected over a period of time, and it is contextual. The histories and stories that can be told about the company are also something that can be assessed and documented.(The university of Melbourne, 2010) Limitations The case study involves analysis...
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...individuality. But Dove, the much-loved brand from Unilever UK sparked a global conversation about real beauty is now starting a different conversation – this time with men. 2010 see’s the launch of its first ever male grooming range – Dove Men+Care, developed to bring greater skin comfort and care to UK men without compromising on performance. This report is based on an overview of the consumer research process of launching Dove Men+Care a new soap for men in Bangladesh which is the objective of this research. For this research data were collected by primary and secondary sources. We collected secondary data- existing information about Dove from net and for primary research we used two methods qualitative and quantitative. Three depth and two focus interviews were taken from 9 persons as qualitative method and 8 persons were surveyed through questionnaire as quantitative method. The respondents are at the age of 20-40, mostly students and male corporate people, income level 10,000 to 35,000 above. At the time of collecting data we have to go through some limitations like short span of time, ignorance of the respondents and so on. Through this survey we come up with some findings like most of the boys used general soap and buy that from the general store or nearest shop. We also found that as a core benefit of soap most of them like skin care at first then fragrance and price. Another finding of our research is about 50% of the respondents will definitely try Dove Men and 19% say...
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...|Write your student number here | | | |9 |2 |5 |9 | |2. |_________ is used to describe cultural scenes or the cultural |Phenomenology | | | |characteristics of a group of people. |Ethnography | | | | |Grounded theory | | | | |Instrumental case study | | |3. |Which of the following is NOT an ethical guideline for conducting |Getting the informed consent of the participant | | | |research with humans? |Telling participants they must continue until the study has | | | | |been completed | | | | ...
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...Unilever could claim that Lifebuoy were better than competitors products on germ kill. It was proven in their lab research. However, the consumer still unwilling to budge because beating the competitors by going head to head against them would not work. Unilever’s product killed more germs than the competitors’ products. The Research and Development scientists also discovered that Lifebuoy could kill germs faster than the competing products. Unilever’s handwashes could protect hands from germ faster than the other products in the market. Rather than going in with just the claim, the company looked extensively for a consumer angle to frame the “faster kill” claim. The company use the quantitative research, which is the observational research. Observation is a systematic data collection approach. Researchers use all of their senses to examine people in natural settings or naturally occurring situations. Observation of consumers is often a powerful tool. Looking at how consumers select products may yield insights into how they make decisions and what they look for. Observational research is conducted with the informed consent of the consumer or in certain instances without the consumer being aware of the researcher’s presence. It has to be done objectively over a long period of time and on a large proportion of consumers to minimize the chances of bias or error. All the personnel in an organization, such as product designers, manufacturers and marketers, should be involved to...
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