...Labor Relations Labor management relations has become one of the most delicate and complex problems of modern industrial society. Labor management progress is impossible without cooperation of labors and harmonious relationships. Therefore, it is in the interest of all to create and maintain good relations between employees (labor) and employers (management). The term ‘Labor management Relations’ comprises of two terms: ‘Labor’ and ‘Relations’. “Labor” refers to “any productive activity in which an individual (or a group of individuals) is (are) engaged”. By “relations” we mean “the relationships that exist within the industry between the employer and his workmen.” The term labor management relations explains the relationship between employees and management which stem directly or indirectly from union-employer relationship. Background Information Our history of industrial relations is one of oppression from the owner’s/employers’ part. Our industrial relations date back to the 60’s of the 18th century when rail lines were established here for the first time. The workers had to endure colonial suppression and the employers main concern was their own profits-not the workers well being. Laborers were treated as animals. Any sort of objection raised on part of the labors could be faced with death in the hands of the owners. Reflections of this trend are still visible in contemporary Bangladesh. The labour law system is more than a century old in Bangladesh. The first labour...
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...Global Journal of Human Resource Management Vol.3, No.3, pp.58-73, May 2015 Published by European Centre for Research Training and Development UK (www.eajournals.org) HISTORY, EVOLUTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT: A CONTEMPORARY PERSPECTIVE Kipkemboi Jacob Rotich1, Moi University, School of Human Resource Development, Department of Development Studies, P.o Box 3900-30100, Eldoret, Kenya. ABSTRACT: Various attempts have been made towards tracing the historical development of the discipline of Human Resource Management (HRM). However, these initiatives have largely been concentrated on certain specific periods of time and experiences of specific countries and regions such as Australia, the USA, the UK and Asia (Nankervis et.al, 2011; Kelly, 2003; Ogier, 2003). This paper attempts to document the entire history of the discipline of Human Resource Management from a holistic perspective. The evolution and development of HRM will be traced right from the pre-historic times through to the postmodern world. Major characteristics in the evolution and development of HRM will also be examined and documented. KEYWORDS: Human Resource Management (HRM), evolution, history INTRODUCTION Defining Human Resource Management (HRM) According to Armstrong (2006) Human Resource Management (HRM) is defined as a strategic and coherent approach to the management of an organization’s most valued assets – the people working there who individually and collectively...
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...THE DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT FROM A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR THE HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGER CHUKWUNONSO Franklyn, franconicostelo@yahoo.com +234 8038765452, 8052829700 Department of Information Technology, Federal University of Technology, Yola ABSTRACT This paper introduces the development of Human Resource Management (HRM) from a historical perspective and explains the debate between HRM and personnel management. Thus, the paper identifies the historical developments and their impacts on HRM, outlines the development and functions of HRM, explains the differences between HRM and Personnel Management, evaluates ‘hard’ and ‘soft’ approaches to HRM, illustrates how diversity is an issue in Human Relations (HR) practice and finally considers HRM as an international issue. It concludes with a discussion about ‘hard’ and ‘soft’ models of HRM and its implications for the human resource manager. INTRODUCTION The term "human resource management" has been commonly used for about the last ten to fifteen years. Prior to that, the field was generally known as "personnel administration." The name change is not merely cosmetics. Personnel administration, which emerged as a clearly defined field by the 1920s (at least in the US), was largely concerned the technical aspects of hiring, evaluating, training, and compensating employees and was very much of "staff" function in most organizations. The field did not normally focus on the relationship...
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...INTRODUCTION The term "Industrial Relations" has developed both a broad and a narrow meaning. Originally, industrial relations was broadly defined to include the totality of relationships and interactions between employers and employees. From this perspective, industrial relations covers all aspects of the employment relationship, including human resource (or personnel) management, employee relations, and union-management (or labor) relations. Since the mid-twentieth century, however, the term has increasingly taken on a narrower, more restricted interpretation that largely equates it with unionized employment relationships. In this view, industrial relations pertains to the study and practice of collective bargaining, trade unionism, and labor-management relations, while human resource management is a separate, largely distinct field that deals with nonunion employment relationships and the personnel practices and policies of employers. Both meanings of the term coexist in the twenty-first century, although the latter is the more common. ORIGINS The term "industrial relations" came into common usage in the 1910s, particularly in 1912 upon the appointment by President William Taft of an investigative committee titled the Commission on Industrial Relations. The commission's charge was to investigate the causes of widespread, often violent labor conflict and make recommendations regarding methods to promote greater cooperation and harmony among employers and employees. Shortly...
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...------------------------------------------------- * ------------------------------------------------- Current Issue ------------------------------------------------- * ------------------------------------------------- Submissions ------------------------------------------------- * ------------------------------------------------- Archive ------------------------------------------------- * ------------------------------------------------- Search RESEARCH AND PRACTICE IN HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT * Volume 3: Issue 1 * Editorial * Regular Papers * Practitioner Focus * Reviews ------------------------------------------------- Highlight, copy & paste to cite: ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- http://rphrm.curtin.edu.au/1995/issue1/banking.html Wilkinson, A., (1995). Towards HRM? A Case Study from Banking, Research and Practice in Human Resource Management, 3(1), 97-115. Towards HRM? A Case Study from Banking Adrian Wilkinson Abstract ------------------------------------------------- HRM has been much talked about and written about in recent years. For some, it heralds a new age where human resource issues at last become significant in the consideration of business strategy, and HRpractitioners at last attain a place in the sun. However, much of the debate has been conducted in purely theoretical terms covering HRM definitions and meanings. But, what is happening...
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.... www.thecodexpert.com Lesson: 36 Title: One step further: Industrial disputes Topics to be covered: • • • • • • • Definition Parties to Industrial disputes Severity or Effects Weapons used by labour Weapons used by management Causes Living without disputes: Measures to improve Industrial Relations Today we are going to discuss the concept of Industrial Dispute. We will also be studying the severity of disputes, What is a dispute for you? It is a conflict, clash of ideas, a disagreement etc. New let us understand a dispute from an industrial point of view. The definition of Industrial disputes is as follows: According to Section 2(k) of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 "industrial dispute" is defined as, "Any disputes or differences between employers and employers, or between employers and workmen, or between workmen and workmen, which is connected with the employment or non-employment or the terms of employment or with the conditions of labour, of any person." Does this sound very confusing? Let me simplify this for you. Let us understand that the definition identifies three parties to disputes. They are: (i) Employers and Employers (ii) Employers and Workmen (iii) Workmen and Workmen For useful Documents like this and Lots of more Educational and Technological Stuff Visit... www.thecodexpert.com Industrial dispute is disagreement and difference between two disputants, namely, labour and management. This disagreement or difference could be on any matter concerning...
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...The history of personnel management begins around the end of the 19th century, when welfare officers (sometimes called ‘welfare secretaries’) came into being. They were women and concerned only with the protection of women and girls. Their creation was a reaction to the harshness of industrial conditions, coupled with pressures arising from the extension of the franchise, the influence of trade unions and the labour movement, and the campaigning of enlightened employers, often Quakers, for what was called ‘industrial betterment’. As the role grew there was some tension between the aim of moral protection of women and children and the needs for higher output. The First World War accelerated change in the development of personnel management, with women being recruited in large numbers to fill the gaps left by men going to fight, which in turn meant reaching agreement with trade unions (often after bitter disputes) about ‘dilution’– accepting unskilled women into craftsmen’s jobs and changing manning levels. During the 1920s, jobs with the titles of ‘labour manager’ or ‘employment manager’ came into being in the engineering industry and other industries where there were large factories, to handle absence, recruitment, dismissal and queries over bonuses and so on. Employers’ federations, particularly in engineering and shipbuilding, negotiated national pay rates with the unions, but there were local and district variations and there was plenty of scope for disputes. During...
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...“Best Perspectives to Human Resource Management” Author: Arrey Mbongaya Ivo ©2006 African Centre for Community and Development (www.africancentreforcommunity.com ) All rights reserved. Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction, Perspectives in Management and the genesis of Human Resource Management 1.1 Scientific or Closed management, Human Relations or Semi open system, Open System or Contingency system 1.2 Personnel management/ Personnel Manager 1.3 The genesis of Human Resource Management(HRM)/Defining Human Resource Management 1.4 What is ‘Hard’ and ‘Soft’ HRM? 1.5 The Debate between Human Relations(HR) and Human Resource Management(HRM) 1.6 The Human Resource Manager and his role 2.0 Attempting a framework for Human Resource Management(HRM) 2.1 Using HRM as a style, a strategy and an outcome 2.2 Is HRM a restatement of Personnel Management? 2.3 Is HRM a new managerial discipline? 2.4 HRM as a resource-based dimension of management 2.5 The Strategic and international possibilities of HRM 3.0Using some models of HRM to critically assess HRM “Hard” and “Soft” Approaches. 3.1The Harvard Model 3.2The Michigan Model 3.3Guest comparative models 3.4The ‘Choice Model’ and its benefits. 4.0The influence of senior management and their Effectiveness 4.1 policy makers 4.2 senior managers and their frames of reference 4.3 The more effective the better the policies 4.4 The Japanese example 5.0 Conclusion, limitations and proposals 5.1HRM a widespread contemporary, evolving & contingent...
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...York Library Journals and Magazines: HR, Management, & Organizational Behaviour All of the following journals are available in print and/or electronic format from the York University Libraries. Electronic journals are available only to current York University students, faculty and staff. In order to access the journals online from off-campus locations, you will need to login with your Passport York ID or an active library card i.e. YU Card and PIN. • Human Resource Management and Organizational Behaviour Titles • Industrial Relations Titles • Related Journals Human Resource Management and Organizational Behaviour Titles Academy of Management Executive Academy of Management Journal Also available in print: v.48, 2005 - Bronfman Business Library. Call no.: HF 5001 A24, non-circulating. Freely available E-journal. Academy of Management Learning & Education Also available in print: v.5, 2006 - Bronfman Business Library. Call no.: HD 30.4 A28, non-circulating. Freely available E-journal. Academy of Management Proceedings Academy of Management Review Also available in print: v.30, 2005 - Bronfman Business Library. Call no.: HF 5001 A25, non-circulating. Freely available E-journal. Across the Board Also available in print: v.32, 1995 - v.43, no.4, 2006. In stacks; v.13, no.10, 1976 - v.31, 1994. In storage. Bronfman Business Library. Call no.: HC 101 N3 Administrative Science Quarterly Also available in print: v.53, 2008 – Frost Library...
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...The history of human resource management started with providing welfare measures to apprentices of the putting-out system. The first personnel department came in the early 20th century. Human resource management has evolved through the ages and gained importance with each passing age. The Origins of Workforce Management The earliest forms of human resource management were the working arrangements struck between craftsmen and their apprentices during the pre-Industrial cottage-based guild system. The apprentice lived in the workshop or home of his master, and the master took care of his health and welfare. The Industrial Revolution of the mid-eighteenth century led to the emergence of large factories and the displacement of cottage-based guild manufacturing. The unhygienic and arduous work in factories led to many labor riots, and the government stepped in to provide basic rights and protections for workers. The need to comply with such statutory regulations forced factory owners to set up a formal mechanism to redress issues concerning labor. The National Cash Register Company (NCR) established the first personnel management department to look into issues such as grievances, safety, dismissals, court cases, and also record keeping and wage management, in the aftermath of a bitter strike and lockout in 1901. Many other factories soon set up similar personnel departments. The role of such labor departments in factories was a continuation of their previous commitment to monitor...
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...Human Resource Management (HRM) is a relatively new approach to managing people in any organisation. People are considered the key resource in this approach. it is concerned with the people dimension in management of an organisation. Since an organisation is a body of people, their acquisition, development of skills, motivation for higher levels of attainments, as well as ensuring maintenance of their level of commitment are all significant activities. These activities fall in the domain of HRM. Human Resource Management is a process, which consists of four main activities, namely, acquisition, development, motivation, as well as maintenance of human resources. Scott, Clothier and Spriegel have defined Human Resource Management as that branch of management which is responsible on a staff basis for concentrating on those aspects of operations which are primarily concerned with the relationship of management to employees and employees to employees and with the development of the individual and the group. Human Resource Management is responsible for maintaining good human relations in the organisation. It is also concerned with development of individuals and achieving integration of goals of the organisation and those of the individuals. Northcott considers human resource management as an extension of general management, that of prompting and stimulating every employee to make his fullest contribution to the purpose of a business. Human resource management is not something...
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...Introduction The following essay will trace the development of Human Resource Management/Personnel Management. Within this essay the origins of personnel management will be described and how the Human Resource Management (HRM) developed from that process. A brief discussion on the development of the ‘factory system’ and a description of the employee working conditions within these ‘factory systems’ will be discussed. Also included will be an outline on how these ‘factory systems’ operated and what this meant for the employees. The development of the ‘Welfare Tradition’ will be discussed and how it relates the Human Resource Management of today. The role the ‘welfare officers’ played in businesses and the changes that was brought about will also be discussed. After the ‘Welfare Tradition’ came the ‘Scientific’ movement. The changes in businesses that the ‘Scientific Movement’ brought about will be looked at. F.W Taylor’s ‘Principles of Scientific Management’ will be explored and the affects his principles had on businesses. The ‘Behavioural Science’ movement will be discussed along with Elton Mayo’s ‘Human Relation School of Thought’ and his experiment widely known as the ‘Hawthorn Studies’. The impact this had on businesses and the affect this had on the managers and workers will be included. The growth of trade unions and the affect they had on employers and employees will be discussed along with Jeffrey Pfeffer’s seven key HRM practices and a brief analysis of their meaning...
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...THE EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT Second Edition DANIEL A. WREN The University of Oklahoma JOHN WILEY AND SONS New York • Chichester • Brisbane • Toronto CONTENTS PART ONE EARLY MANAGEMENT THOUGHT A PROLOGUE TO THE PAST 3 A Cultural Framework: The Economic Facet. The Social Facet. The Political Facet. P eople, Management, and Organizations: The Human Being. Organizations and Management. MANAGEMENT BEFORE INDUSTRIALIZATION 15 Management in Early Civilizations: The Near East. The Far East. Egypt. The Hebrews. Greece. Rome. The Catholic Church. Feudalism and the Middle Ages. The Revival of Commerce. T he Cultural Rebirth: The Protestant Ethic. A Criticism of the Weberian Thesis. Modern Support for Weber. The Liberty Ethic. The Market Ethic. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION: PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVE The Industrial Revolution in England: The Age of Machines. Management: the Fourth Factor of Production. M anagement Problems in the Early Factory: The Search for Managerial Talent. The Labor Problem. The Shortage of Skilled Labor. Training. Discipline and Motivation. Management Functions in the Early 42 Xll CONTENTS Factory. Cultural Consequences of the Industrial Revolution: The Condition of the Worker. Child and Female Labor. MANAGEMENT PIONEERS IN THE FACTORY SYSTEM Robert Owen: The Search for a New Harmony: Early Managerial Experiences. The Call for Reform. Charles Babbage: The Irascible Genius: The First Computer....
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...development of personnel and human resource management; also differentiate between personnel and human resource management. Use at least two sources for your research Personnel management Standard definition given by expert “It is that phase of management which deals with the effective control and use of manpower as distinguished from other source of power.” Personnel management is the responsibility of all those who manage people, as well as a description of the work of specialists. Personnel managers advise on, formulate, and implement personnel policies such as recruitment, conditions of employment, performance appraisal, training, industrial relations, and health and safety. Historical development of personnel management Tyson & Fell (1986) suggest that personnel management has its roots in four traditions, rising from development in the employment over the last 150 years. * Industrial relation tradition * Welfare tradition Welfare tradition Personnel function can trace back to the benevolent attempt by some employers in the letter half of the nineteenth century to improve the working conditions and circumstances of employees, who had been hit by the first wave of industrialization and urbanization. The welfare tradition of personel management arose from the period when work and responsibilities of the personnel officer was absorbed towards the benefits of employees, rather than to the strategic concerns of the enterprise and management. In certain areas...
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...Human resource management consists of all the activities undertaken by an enterprise to ensure the effective utilization of employees toward the attainment of individual, group, and organizational goals. It consists of practices that help the organization to deal effectively with its people during the various phases of the employment cycle, including pre-hire, staffing, and post-hire. Human resource has a historical background since ancient times. Traditional HR it separate functions such as staffing, training and development, compensation, safety and health, and labor relations were created and placed under the direction of human resource manager or executive. Large firms might have had a manager and staff for each HR function that reported to the HR executive. The HR president worked closely with top management in formulating corporate policy. Today, HR tasks are often performed differently than they were even decade ago. “As more and more companies use alternative means to accomplish HR tasks, the role of traditional HR manager has changed. HR is now involved more in strategic HR, focusing more on the bottom line of organization and leaving the more administrative tasks to technology or others”, Mondy, R., & Mondy, J. (2012). Human Resource Management, page 39. It has reached its peak in approach and structured practices. There has been a vast change in the implementation compared to system followed at earlier days. Although field of HRM is a comparatively recent...
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