...HRM 603: Comparative Studies of Industrial or Employment Relations Assignment 1 Trimester 3 2013 HRM 603: Comparative Studies of Industrial or Employment Relations Assignment 1 Trimester 3 2013 Name: Cagi Merelita ID no.: 2011001230 Table of Contents Introduction 1 The development & evolution of IR/ER system 2 The development & evolution of IR/ER system in the Fiji Island 3 The IR/ER system of Australia against that of the Fiji Islands 4 The emerging issues & recent trends in IR/ER in both nations 5 Considered key roles & responsibilities by the major actors in an IR/ER system in each country 6 Major actor’s roles & responsibilities that are considered most significant in an IR/ER context & why 8 Bibliography 9 Introduction Employment Relations are the employer and employee relationship, it also describes the relationship between workers and employers in business (Employer and Employee Relations, 2011). Employment Relations is important because it encourages motivation, it builds up the reputation of a worker and the business through the increase in number of potential customers, investors and staff, increase in productivity output, efficiency and profit levels (Employer and Employee Relations, 2011). With the changing industrial landscape in every country or nation, the growth of new townships/cities and the dispersal of activity, a process of ‘industrial culturalisation’...
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...organization’s most valued assets – the people working there who individually and collectively contribute to the achievement of its objectives. HRM is a distinctive approach to employment management which seeks to achieve competitive advantage through the strategic development of a highly committed and capable workforce using an integrated array of cultural, structural and personnel techniques (Storey, 2001). Beer et al, (1984) defined HRM as a strategic approach to the management of human resources that involves all management decisions and actions that affect the relationship between the organisation and employees. John Storey (1987) believes that HRM can be regarded as a ‘set of interrelated policies with an ideological and philosophical underpinning’. He suggests four aspects that constitute the meaningful version of HRM: 1. a particular constellation of beliefs and assumptions; 2. a strategic thrust informing decisions about people management; 3. the central involvement of line managers; 4. Reliance upon a set of ‘levers’ to shape the employment relationship. In today's litigious workplace environment, being on top of legal issues that directly affect individual employees and organization is critical to the success of the HR profession. In this study, we will critically analyze and evaluate legal issues as it affects the functions of HRM in Nigeria and USA. LEGAL ISSUES AND HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN THE USA In the USA, some laws regulate various aspects of employee-employer...
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...emergence of HRM as profession (1911-1914) 20th century witnessed severe labor unrest due to the employment-at-will doctrine and yellow-dog contracts that allowed employers to fire employees at will. Quality of Work life Era (1960s-1990s) HR as an asset and not a liability Prevalence of Labor unions became significant and the personnel department was used to resolve wage-related issues and other differences between the union and management. The personnel manager was responsible for employee attendance, labor-dispute management and general compliances of employee health and safety requirements. Recruitment section of the personnel department dealt mainly with selecting labor employees, along with a few salaried professionals. The Personal Management (1935-1970) Prevalence of Labor unions became significant and the personnel department was used to resolve wage-related issues and other differences between the union and management. The personnel manager was responsible for employee attendance, labor-dispute management and general compliances of employee health and safety requirements. Organizations set up management teams to handle various facets of business. Personnel department’s role evolved to primarily compliance and employee health and safety concerns. At this time, training and development took precedence in businesses, and the human resource department was created to address the need. Pre Industrial Era (1400-1700) Absence of any formal HRM function in...
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...workers and union leaders among others, integrated to defend and endorse the universal interests. Trade union acts as a weapon for the labourers or workers to fight for their own rights against the management of an organization. The prime objectives of a labor union may include bargaining about wages and provisions of working circumstances, legalizing the relations in between workers and owner, taking necessary actions for implementation of the policies of communal bargaining, elevating new demands on behalf of the employees and finally settling down the criticisms among others. Trade unions were primarily initiated in Europe rather it became popular in many other countries during industrial revolution. Moreover, a trade union may be of varied forms such as house union, company union, general union, industrial union and craft union among others (BIS, n.d.)....
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...RECOMMENDATIONS .............................................................................................................. 11 7. INTERVIEW WITH INDUSTRY EXPERTS ................................................................................... 13 8. BIBLOGRAPHY.......................................................................................................................... 15 MDI-PGPM-HRM-Term-II Page 1 Multinationals and their impact on Labour Scene BACKGROUND India was predominantly an agricultural economy till Independence in 1947. Even after Independence, the First Five-Year Plan (1951 —56) laid emphasis on agriculture. With the Second FiveYear Plan (1956 — 61) there was a shift towards heavy industrialization. The share of agriculture in gross domestic product (GDP) declined from about 56 per cent in 1950 — 51 to less than 30 per cent in 1990 — 99 while the share of industry rose from 15.6 per cent to 24.7 per cent and of the services sector, from 29 per cent to 45 per cent during the corresponding period. The industrialization strategies and industrial policies followed in...
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...LAWS ............................................................................................................. 4 4. PRESENT SCENARIO OF LABOUR AND MNCs IN INDIA ........................................................... 8 5. PERCEPTION OF LABOUR ABOUT MNCs ................................................................................ 10 6. RECOMMENDATIONS .............................................................................................................. 11 7. INTERVIEW WITH INDUSTRY EXPERTS ................................................................................... 13 8. BIBLOGRAPHY.......................................................................................................................... 15 MDI-PGPM-HRM-Term-II Page 1 Multinationals and their impact on Labour Scene BACKGROUND India was predominantly an agricultural economy till Independence in 1947. Even after Independence, the First Five-Year Plan (1951 —56) laid emphasis on agriculture. With the Second FiveYear Plan (1956 — 61) there was a shift towards heavy industrialization. The share of agriculture in gross domestic product (GDP) declined from about 56 per cent in 1950 — 51 to less than 30 per cent in 1990 — 99 while the share of industry rose from 15.6 per cent to 24.7 per cent and of the services sector, from 29 per cent to 45 per cent during the corresponding period. The industrialization...
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...Pluralist approaches to conflict would explain the positions of (a) management and (b) unions in the Qantas dispute. Identify which one of the approaches provides the better explanation. Explain how you reached this conclusion. In order to describe how the Unitarist and Pluralist approaches to conflict in regards to the position of management and the unions in the Qantas dispute, it is critical to first understand the concept of employment ideology. The field of employment relations takes theories and concepts from these traditional social science disciplines and uses them to study employment relations (Pearson 2012) The Qantas dispute involves three different unions in dispute with Qantas, in which the three unions represent the pilots, engineers and ground staff. Fundamentally striving for the same outcome, which is to be able to hang on their Qantas conditions of service and jobs as Qantas management wants to slash cost. What Qantas management wanted was to cut pay rates, take jobs offshore and increase profits by changing work practices and lowering labour cost, as the airline was losing approximately $200 million a year. (Barry 2011) Therefore under these conditions the reason for unions to get involved would be certain as the changes the Qantas board wishes to take will affect the conditions of the employees. The most persistent approach in industrial relations theory was popularize by Alan Fox, who published the idea that employment ideologies are fundamentally...
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...INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANISATION ACT/EMP PUBLICATIONS INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS AND GLOBALIZATION: CHALLENGES FOR EMPLOYERS AND THEIR ORGANIZATIONS Prepared by David Macdonald Senior Industrial Relations Specialist ILO/EASMAT Bangkok Paper presented at the ILO Workshop on Employers' Organizations in Asia-Pacific in the Twenty-First Century Turin, Italy, 5-13 May 1997. [Top] [Next] Table of Contents 1. Executive Summary 2. Introduction 3. Industrial Relations (IR) in the Global Context (a) IR - a definition (b) IR and HRM (c) Liberalization, globalization and IR (i) Overview (ii) The relevance of globalization to industrial relations - a summary (iii) The role of multinational corporations (MNC's) (iv) Information technology and IR (v) The impact of other trends (d) The changing nature of IR - a re-definition? 4. IR in Asia and the Pacific (a) The historical context (i) General (ii) Economic development and industrialization (iii) Industrialization and IR policies (iv) IR arrangements - regional divergence (v) Other considerations (b) The current environment (i) Overview 2 (ii) Current responses to liberalization and globalization (iii) Important regional trends 5. Responding to Current and Prospective IR challenges in Asia and the Pacific developing an agenda for employers and their organizations to facilitate transition to the Twenty-first century (a) Overview (b) General issues (i) Achieving competitiveness (ii) Effective IR is a key to improved enterprise performance (iii)...
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...Journal of Human Resource Management Vol.2, No.1 2008 Sharing the Pie: Trade Unionism and Industrial Relations in Multinationals in Bangladesh Monowar Hossain Mahmood East West University Bangladesh Abstract Using the ‘convergence-divergence’ thesis as the baseline for the study of industrial relations and trade union activities in multinational subsidiaries, the present study tried to investigate extent of the trade union activities and IR practices of MNCs in a developing country context, i.e. Bangladesh, as well as influence of the MNCs on trade unions and IR activities within the existing social and economic contexts. The study revealed that comparative power dominance of multinationals over the host country industrial relations actors emerge as the vital factor in employer-union bargaining process, as well as their capacity to manipulate the existing bargaining process also helped them to implement their desired practices in Bangladesh. However, multinationals were not in confronting mode at all the circumstances, but their potential lobbying power created difficulties for the employees and the trade unions to develop countervailing power in the collective bargaining process and IR activities. Keywords: Convergence-Divergence, Bangladesh, Multinationals, Trade Unions Introduction Empirical studies of international human resource management (IHRM) often reveal that industrial relations practices of multinational subsidiaries face a ‘challenge from established home...
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...People Management Fiasco in Honda Motorcycles and Scooters India Ltd 1. Identify and discuss the key factors that led to the breakdown of industrial relations at HMSI. The HR polices of HMSI were adopted from its parent company, HMCL, which is a Japanese company. Even though the HMSI had very good HR policies in place, the management in India failed to implement the company’s written HR policies, which had created a collapse in the industrial relations at HMSI. Further, the following incidents that took place in HMSI had created a rift between the workers and the management. HR Policies v. Managers’ practices Incident 1: Gift - When employees refused to accept the low value Diwali (a major festival in India) gift, the management never listened to employees demand and transferred the value of the gift to employees salary account without their consent. Incident 2: Movement Sheet – Employees were required to sign the movement sheet for every break, including drink and restroom break. Further, a worker stopped the conveyer belt, when he was denied permission to use the restroom, which had created resentment among employees towards the management. Incident 3: Strict Leave Policy – Workers were denied leaves even for some serious and emergency situations. And the workers were asked to leave the company if they could not perform up to expectation. Incident 4: Shift changes – Employees were not allowed to make temporary shift changes and some employees even received the threat...
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...Musgrave Retail Partners Ireland 2010 Human Resource Management A competitive advantage Jennifer O’ Hagan Table of Contents How can good HRM practice become a source of competitive advantage for organisations in the retail sector? 3 Introduction: 3 Definitions: 3 Main functions of a HRM system: 4 Key functions of a HRM system: 6 Learning and development and performance management: 6 Induction: 6 Staff appraisals/review systems: 7 Hertzberg Two factor theory 8 Motivational factors 8 Hygeine factors 8 HRM eveloution 9 Why is HRM such an important tool in organisations today? 10 References 11 How can good HRM practice become a source of competitive advantage for organisations in the retail sector? Introduction: The purpose of this study is to discuss how good HRM (human resource management) practice can become a source of competitive advantage for organisations in the retail sector. To help me examine this, I will explain what defines HRM and the main functions of a HRM system. I will also examine why it is such an important tool for many organisations today. Definitions: Human Resourse Management has been defined as ‘a strategic approach to managing employment relations between employee and employers, which emphasises that leveraging peoples capabilities is critical to achieving competitive advantage, acheived through a distinctive set of integrated employment practices.’ ‘Strategy denotes an activity that organisations perform...
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...Introduction Human Resource Management ('HRM') is a new term of people management in the 21st century which formerly known as Personnel management. It defines as the administrative discipline of hiring and developing employees so that they become more valuable to the organization. The scope management of Human Resources are as follows:- 1) Conducting job analyses; 2) Planning personnel needs and recruitment; 3) Selecting the right people for the job; 4) Orienting and training; 5) Determining and managing wages and salaries; 6) Providing benefits and incentives; 7) Performance Appraisal; 8) Resolving disputes; 9) Communicating with all employees at all levels. HRM is a strategic and production model approach to the acquisition, motivation, development and management of people. It is a specialized field that attempts to develop programs, policies and activities to the satisfaction between employer and employee. The personnel policies and procedures of the organization are closely linked with and make a major contribution to the achievement of corporate needs, goals, objectives and strategic plans. The corporate culture and organizational values may need to be changed or reinforced in order to get them accepted and acted upon. The HRM model is characterized as being employee-oriented with an emphasis on the maximization of individual skills and motivation through consultation with the workforce so as to produce high levels of commitment to...
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...Business Volume 10, Number 1 (June 2004) Transformation of Korean HRM based on Confucian Values Jong-Tae Choi* College of Business Administration Seoul National University Abstract This study aims to find out the role of the Confucian family value in the process of the transformation of Korean HRM and IR in a hypercompetition period. I analyzed the characteristics and the transformation of Korean companies’ HRM as well as the core value system of Confucian familism. I suggest that a successful transformation of HRM in Korean companies requires an interplay between two factors. First is the genetic factor based on traditional Confucian culture of Korea (i.e., the DNA of Korean HRM), of which its advantages must be respected and preserved. Second factor is an adaptation ability, which modifies its own core competency and routine through an interaction with the environment. Korean HRM stands at a turning point now. The Korean economy is facing a hyper-competition in the global market. To survive, Korean companies have to improve their competitiveness. Also they must solve the problem of seniority-based HRM of Confucian values that hinders their competitiveness. To confront an inevitable transformation of the management system, Korean companies tried to solve the problem by bringing in a rapid growth process of North American HRM practices. But, unanticipated side effect has occurred in this process. As American HRM was uniformly adopted, traditional teamwork, organizational loyalty...
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...Introduction Opening Case What is Human Resource Management? Nature of HRM Scope of HRM Objectives of HRM Functions of HRM Role of HRM HRM in the New Millennium Summary Self Assessment Questions Reference Books 1.0 Objectives After studying this unit, you will be able to: 1.1 Understand the basic concepts of human resource management (HRM). Explain what human resource management is and how it relates to the management process. Provide an overview of functions of HRM. Describe how the major roles of HR management are being transformed. Explain the role of HRM in the present millennium. Introduction Human beings are social beings and hardly ever live and work in isolation. We always plan, develop and manage our relations both consciously and unconsciously. The relations are the outcome of our actions and depend to a great extent upon our ability to manage our actions. From childhood each and every individual acquire knowledge and experience on understanding others and how to behave in each and every situations in life. Later we carry forward this learning and understanding in carrying and managing relations at our workplace. The whole context of Human Resource Management revolves around this core matter of managing relations at work place. Since mid 1980’s Human Resource Management (HRM) has gained acceptance in both academic and commercial circle. HRM is a multidisciplinary organizational function that draws theories and ideas...
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...Bangladesh. We have also discussed human resource trends in this country. We tried to understand how employment terms works in different private organization. Employment termination rules and procedure, employee rights was also discussed. We also emphasized on implementing ELSOA in different organizations. We tried our utmost level to understand the facts and causes regarding this law. HRM Background of Bangladesh Since British colonization in this region personnel recruitment and other managerial work was done in typical bureaucratic way. Bangladesh is very young in HR practices. Human Resource Management Practice in Bangladesh is relatively new phenomena. Since liberation war and before that many international organizations had their business and organizational activities here. These organizations introduced personnel management or Human Resource Management in this country. Though back 90th people knew about HRM in this country they did not implemented in their organizations. Then barely any company had organized management. Back then, we may recall Greer’s Theorem (1995) of Strategy and HRM Integration- Administrative Linkage, used to be implemented. That is, here there is no HR department and some other figurehead e.g. Finance or Accounts executive looks after the HR function of the firm. The HR unit is relegated here to a paper-processing role. So back then...
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