...Heroin: The Harmful Effects Briana Wilson COM 172 November 21, 2014 Barbara Lach Heroin: The Harmful Effects Introduction Addiction is a chronic, relapsing disease, characterized by compulsive drug use that eventually changes the functions in the brain. An addiction to any drug can be dangerous but heroin is a totally different story. Heroin is one of the strongest and most abused drugs on the market as of now and is affecting billions of people day by day. The long and short-term effects of heroin can ultimately damage the brain and the human body, and eventually cause death. Content “Heroin was first manufactured in 1898 by the Bayer pharmaceutical company of Germany and marketed as a treatment for tuberculosis as well as a remedy for morphine addiction.” (Scott, 1998). Morphine was widely used for pain relief in the American Civil War and the Franco-Prussian War. When people were wounded and hurt, morphine was the go-to drug. The morphine was highly addictive and became a major problem in the United States. In order to cut down on morphine addictions, another drug had to be provided that also worked as well as morphine. “In 1832, heroin was presented as a cough, chest and lung medicine that cured painful respiratory diseases such as pneumonia and tuberculosis; hence they were the leading causes of death at that period. Heroin was prescribed in place of morphine or codeine. It is known to be a more potent and faster-acting painkiller than morphine because it...
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...Reabsorption of Sodium Chloride — Lessons from the Chloride Channels PERSPECTIVE prostaglandin inhibitors, and the molecular challenge is substantial as well. The molecular delineation of the genetic defects that result in tubulopathies can lead to a better understanding of their physiology. However, the DNA sequencing of the genes that encode transporters and channels (as well as their subunits) is not a trivial matter and must be complemented by experiments determining expression patterns. The Xenopus oocytes that have been used for such studies are transfected cells rather than “real” polarized cells of the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle surrounded by the sophisticated hypertonic environment of the renal medulla. The complex polyuria–polydipsia syndrome described by Schlingmann et al. is attributable to the concomitant loss-of-function mutations in both CLCNKA and CLCNKB; the syndrome results in ion selectivity, demonstrating the means whereby a renal tubular cell lets one type of ion (chloride) through the lipid membrane to the exclusion of others. It thus provides yet another example of the molecular basis of Bartter’s syndrome (see Figure). The contributions of Roderick McKinnon and Peter Agre to solving these two complementary problems of the resorption of renal solute and renal solvent earned them the 2003 Nobel Prize in chemistry.5 We live in a fascinating time in which clinical syndromes can be deciphered at the molecular and even...
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...WHO standards, and Tanzania is described as a country “experiencing a mature, generalized HIV epidemic, which is still growing” (WHO Report, 2008). The combination of a high infection rate and a lack of available resources to address HIV/AIDS make it more than difficult to bring the levels of this disease down. Tanzania has a national office dedicated to fighting HIV/AIDS, and it receives close to $400 million dollars a year in funds directed at combatting the various issues associated with the epidemic (Global Fund, 2011). However, there is no indication that this large sum has been used to address the HIV/AIDS epidemic. This money has been lost somewhere in the trickle down from foreign funding agencies and has most likely landed in the pockets of corrupt officials. The policy that the Tanzanian Commission for AIDS (TACAIDS, 2011) and the Prime Minister’s office has released attempts to accomplish too much in one go, making the overall effect of the policy somewhat flat. There needs to be a campaign that shocks the country out of its current state of stagnation. By using a social campaign that employs education in all facets of life, at school, on the radio, and in the community, HIV/AIDS awareness can become an apparent part of everyday life. Using this approach, I am hopeful that the rates of infection will soon drop significantly. History of the disease The Human Immunodeficiency Virus is painfully cruel. Not only does it cause a host of painful symptoms, but it also...
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...The current opioid epidemic is flowing through America and crippling Ohio’s youth. According to the Ohio Department of Health (ODH) an average of 11 people die per day in Ohio of heroin related causes alone, such as overdoses or infections from dirty needles. The crisis causes over 4,000 deaths per year. While some say that opioids are needed in medicine as a painkiller, they aren’t the only one on the market. As painkillers, opioids are very effective, but they are not necessary; other plants such as marijuana are also great painkillers, along with the fact that they do less damage to the liver and kidneys. A nurse from Akron Ohio tells her story of how she got addicted to opioids and overcame the common disease known as drug addiction. Although...
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...found in Bram Stoker’s Dracula). Is it because it is his life line? The short answer would be yes, but is that all it is to Dracula? No. It is in fact the basic human life line. Without blood, there can be no human life. The same rings true for the undead, which is the case of Dracula. Blood is the essential fluid for all beings on Earth but blood stands for more in Bram Stoker’s Dracula. Blood also produces other underlying topics such as lineage race and health. Blood is essential to all beings but why is it so essential to Dracula? The question can be raised does Dracula eat to live or does he eat to survive? In Dracula, it is known that for him to live he drinks or eats blood. This is his food. It is what he needs to continue to live and thrive. It is not a life force that he can produce on his own so he has to acquire it from several parasitic relationships. In this case, some live to tell the tale and others die a gruesome death. We see instances in Dracula where blood was merely to sustain life such as the event in chapter 4 where the mother of the stolen child is yelling outside of the castle for her baby to be returned to her unharmed (48). In this moment, you are given the sense that this was a meal. It was also the incident on the ship, the Demeter, where the men came up missing (81). We know that this was also a feeding frenzy. We know that this is what he needed to do in order to sustain life but we don’t hear of too many other times where this is the...
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...operation for giving birth in which a cut is made in the mother's body so that the baby can be removed through the opening." "Cesarean delivery is the most common major surgical procedure performed in the United States and elsewhere. Currently, approximately a third of pregnant women in the US and 15% worldwide deliver by cesarean, and this prevalence is on the rise" (Dana Figueroa et al., 2013, p. 33). Since Cesarean sections are incredibly common and are only increasing, the risks for complications, such as infections, increase with it. To try and decrease the risks as much as possible, this study aims to look at the differences between two types of closing material used in Cesarean sections; absorbent sutures and staples. Are absorbable sutures more effective and safer than staples for Cesarean sections? The purpose of this study is to compare absorbent sutures and staples for clients undergoing a Cesarean section and to see which material has a lesser risk for infection and wound complications, which is more cost effective for the hospital, and patient satisfaction. This paper will help shed light on this subject by compiling multiple research articles and journals to create a better understanding on which material is best to use. Review of Literature There are a multitude of articles on the subject of absorbent sutures compared to staples. Every article, except for one, was a peer reviewed article with a study that was randomized and controlled. The exception article...
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...Dana and Ricci’s Voyage During the middle ages, tens of thousands of people decided to venture in the sea, as it was one of the most profitable and masculine undertakes at the time. Among them, there were ambitious young men such as Dana who aspired to make a mark and explore the world; there were also Jesuits such as Mateo Ricci who traveled across the world to spread Catholicism. Similarly, both of their stories were told through lives. Overall, their voyages were vastly different in the crew culture and purpose despite some of the minor similarities. Dana came from a wealthy family and decided to enlist as seamen on the Pilgrim. However, the experience was not one he had anticipated, as the conditions were horrific and the interpersonal...
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...paper Deanejalo white Hcs/320 December 21, 2015 Operative communication involves the rudimentary fundamentals of communication in an appropriate manner. Effective communication must have proper content, which refers to “the five basic elements of communication” and those five elements are the sender, the message, the receiver, the medium and the feedback. In effective communication all of the elements have to be in optimal condition in order to convey information in a proper order. I ponder that effective communication integrates these expertise since you need to use the correct communication skills in order to be fruitful in the conversation. In the healthcare profession I do not see how the communication in basic elements of effective communication varies since all of the same rules apply. In order for your physician to give you the necessary treatment for an infection or illness, you have to be willing to tell the specialist the whole story and open up to him about your lifecycle. This may include personal details and in order to be able to do that, there has to be a trust that you must have with others just like you would in effective communication. Here are definite methods in which simple fundamentals of actual communication vary after the basic guidelines of health care communication. There are some detailed effects that must be sidestepped when communication contained by the health care profession. It is vital to not use nonsense or unclear vocabulary with...
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...Vaccination in the Society Every so often when you visit the doctors, you may or may not be asked to receive a shot, especially if you are attending school. Those shots are called vaccinations and they are important in helping your immune system fight off serious illness and could even prevent diseases. Although vaccines do in fact carry some antigens to the disease, they are weakened so that your bodies immune system can fight off the disease and produce antibodies that will help the body become immune to that type of disease. Like mentioned before, vaccines are very important for the body’s immune system and fighting off diseases. Common diseases like polio, measles, tetanus and haemophilus influenza type b (Hib) can be prevented by getting a vaccination. According to http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines “Children are born with an immune system composed of cells, glands, organs, and fluids located throughout the body. The immune system recognizes germs that enter the body as "foreign invaders” (called antigens) and produces proteins called antibodies to fight them.” The sooner you get the vaccine, the better that way your body will be able to fight off the disease because of the immunity created by the vaccination you received. The body may not be strong enough to fight the disease. Before vaccines, many children died from diseases that vaccines now prevent, such as whooping cough, measles, and polio.” Now that we have developed the vaccines we have saved lives of many...
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...Most adolescents do not have knowledge of exactly what a sexually transmitted disease is, let alone the different types of sexually transmitted diseases. With proper education of the different types of sexually transmitted diseases, symptoms, and prevention methods, adolescents will be better equipped and prepare for the consequences of the action of engaging in sexually behavior will occur. Adolescents Risky Sexually Behaviors and Sexually Transmitted Diseases On high school campuses around the world, the mating game is on more than ever. Young men are eyeing and drooling over beautiful young women and young women are goggling muscular intelligent young men. The young men hang out with one another and share masculine stories of sexual conquests while a young woman sits in the hall crying over the infidelity of her boyfriend and the consequences of his infidelity. This is the...
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...Alexander Fleming From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia For other uses, see Alexander Fleming (disambiguation). Sir Alexander Fleming FRSE, FRS, FRCS(Eng) | | Born | 6 August 1881 Lochfield, Ayrshire, Scotland | Died | 11 March 1955 (aged 73) London, England | Nationality | Scottish | Fields | Bacteriology, immunology | Alma mater | Royal Polytechnic Institution St Mary's Hospital Medical School Imperial College London | Known for | Discovery of penicillin | Notable awards | * FRS (1943)[1] * Nobel Prize (1945) * Knight Bachelor (1944) | Signature | Sir Alexander Fleming, FRSE, FRS,[1] FRCS(Eng) (6 August 1881 – 11 March 1955) was a Scottish biologist, pharmacologist and botanist. He wrote many articles on bacteriology, immunology, and chemotherapy. His best-known discoveries are the enzyme lysozyme in 1923 and the antibiotic substance penicillin from the mould Penicillium notatum in 1928, for which he shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945 with Howard Florey and Ernst Boris Chain.[2][3][4][5][6][7] Contents * 1 Early life and education * 2 Research * 2.1 Work before penicillin * 2.2 Accidental discovery * 2.3 Purification and stabilisation * 2.4 Antibiotics * 3 Myths * 4 Personal life * 5 Death * 6 Honours, awards and achievements * 7 See also * 8 Bibliography * 9 References * 10 External links Early life and education Fleming was born on 6 August 1881...
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...Case Study Patient age range: Mid 70’s Allergies: enalapril (hives); iodine containing compounds (hives) Diet: Regular Diet Activity: Skilled Therapy Mobility Group: Ambulate to bedside commode with assist of 2. Diagnosis: Arterial Occlusion; Thrombosed Popliteal Aneurysm (acute obstruction) Presenting Symptom(s): The patient’s chief complaint was left leg pain from the left knee down to the left foot. When asked the patient he was unable to appropriately respond to the question due to confusion. History of present illness: The patient is a male in his mid 70s. The patient presented with new onset left lower extremity ischemia. He was started on an IV heparin drip and transported to ED. He was found to have am occluded left popliteal aneurysm with occlusion of all tibial vessels. The patient was taken to the OR with vascular service for initiation of thrombolysis therapy. He is currently hospitalized for left lower extremity ischemia, angiogram, thrombolysis, bypass femoral popliteal thrombectomy, irrigation and debridement of wound, and a fasciotomy. Then, he was taken back to the OR for debridement of left anterolateral muscular compartment necrosis. This morning, he was noted to be “confused”. The patient was stable and oriented until at least yesterday evening. Per the primary team, he did not appear confused when seen at 6am. He was also noted to have a temperature of 37.4. He did not have any labs checked for 2 days, but this morning his labs...
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...LITR201-1402B-04: Literature: A Reflection of Life- PHASE 4 Name: Institution: LITR201-1402B-04: Literature: A Reflection of Life- PHASE 4 PART A Drama is also referred to as a play because it tells a story and is also performed on stage. In addition, drama is similar to plays in that it has a theme, a plot and is often narrated by a persona (Ghent, 2012, 629). Also, drama is also known as a play in that it evokes emotions and has a tone just like a play. During my high school days, the school invited a group of people who performed a play on HIV/AIDs. This was my initial time to timepiece a live stage performance. The characters perfectly represented their roles in that the audience felt as if the characters were real. For example, those characters representing HIV patients appeared weak and sad; the sounds were full of sympathy as they spoke. Every scene had its own sounds that paralleled the theme and purpose of the act (Meyer, 2011, p111). There were cries, mourns and even sounds of desperation. Throughout the drama, the audience was full of sad mood. HIV/AIDs infection was presented as something that people should be afraid of. The audience was also filled with pity and sympathy for the infected characters. Since it was my first encounter to see a live stage drama, the theme, scenes and characters were a great impact to my life and my understanding of what entails a drama. For a elongated time I had wished to be involved in a dramatic act until one day, my literature...
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...A computer virus is a computer program that can replicate itself[1] and spread from one computer to another. The term "virus" is also commonly, but erroneously, used to refer to other types of malware, including but not limited to adware and spyware programs that do not have a reproductive ability. Malware includes computer viruses, computer worms, Trojan horses, most rootkits, spyware, dishonest adware and other malicious or unwanted software, including true viruses. Viruses are sometimes confused with worms and Trojan horses, which are technically different. A worm can exploit security vulnerabilities to spread itself automatically to other computers through networks, while a Trojan horse is a program that appears harmless but hides malicious functions. Worms and Trojan horses, like viruses, may harm a computer system's data or performance. Some viruses and other malware have symptoms noticeable to the computer user, but many are surreptitious or simply do nothing to call attention to themselves. Some viruses do nothing beyond reproducing themselves. An example of a virus which is not a malware, but is putatively benevolent, is Fred Cohen's theoretical compression virus.[2] However, antivirus professionals do not accept the concept of benevolent viruses, as any desired function can be implemented without involving a virus (automatic compression, for instance, is available under the Windows operating system at the choice of the user). Any virus will by definition make...
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...describes negative effects of the the Industrial Revolution, such as the poor conditions the factory workers worked in. The workers were overworked. Sadler tells Cooper they worked sixteen hours a day and the workers had only one 45 minute lunch period. The hours were so long that children didn’t have time to attend day school. To keep the workers attentive, the overlookers strapped them. According to this testimony, the Industrial Revolution had negative effects on children. The children worked long, relentless hours with a short break. They did not have time to go to day school. Cooper, who is now 28 years old started working in the mills when he was 10. He could read but not write. The children were punished if...
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