...The Influence of Social Media on the Study Habits of La Salle University-Integrated School Grade 8 Students CHAPTER 1 The Problem and a Review of Related Literature Nowadays, the advent of technology is quickly emerging before our eyes and undeniably, it takes a vital part to people’s lives of today. One evidence on this is the development of social media. Social media can be defined as the relationships that exist between network of people. Over the last few years, the online population grows exponentially with the easy access to the internet. With the evolution of social media, it changes the way one communicates and how one finds and shares personal information, exchanges ideas, feelings, photos and videos at a very overwhelming rate. Social media sites that allow social interaction include Facebook, Twitter, Youtube, MySpace, and many other various blog formats. Through these sites, youth of today can share things about themselves for the whole world to view. These social media sites offer the youth a new way to access communication and entertainment. The use of social media is one of the most common activities of today’s children and youth. Undeniably, students are increasingly utilizing social media for friends’ news feeds, personal updates, events and activities, notes and messages. They use these sites for posting status of their experiences in school hoping to have more people hit ‘Like’ or give their ‘Comments’. The voluntary messaging function, commonly...
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...screen media, namely films, television and video games. As individuals in society display more aggressive behaviours in everyday life, researchers have endeavoured to identify the extent of how much violence portrayed in the media affects an individual’s thought, feelings and behaviours. While there is still debate as to whether there is a casual link between media and aggression, or that engaging with it maybe be cathartic, it has become evident that exposure to violence portrayed in the media can have short-term and long-term effects. This literature report will concentrate on reports and research focused on the influence of different types of media on aggression and the levels that these can be interpreted psychologically. Influences of Different Media on Aggression Exposure to violent media and the effect that this can have on an individual has been a topic that has interested researchers and society alike for decades. The likelihood of aggressive behaviour, thoughts and emotions is increased with short-term exposure to violent video games and films. (MVC 2012:337; Anderson 2004:2). Reasons provided for this increase by the Media Violence Commission (2012:337-8) and Myers (2013:378) is neural processes known as priming and mimicry. Priming is a concept in which images can activate thoughts and behaviours. With this theory in mind, when a person is exposed to violent scenes in the media and video games this can trigger aggressive behaviours, feelings and thoughts. For...
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...The Effects of Mass Media on Adolescents Kelsey Wyatt Western Governors University Abstract This Paper contents reviews of several studies conducted on the effects of mass media on children and adolescents. Most of the research suggests that over exposure and unsupervised use of mass media outlets can alter the psychological development of children, as well as create anxieties in adolescents. All of the researched reviewed examines the effects of all media other than book content. Research has shown that consuming too much mass media at a young age can alter the social and psychological structure of adolescents. Mass media can even desensitize youth to unhealthy behavior and effect their education. One of the more noticeable changes in the 21st century has been the growing media consumption, availability and influence. A major consequence of this growing influence is the negative effect it can have on a children’s well-being. Parents no longer have to worry about the influence of “bad” friends but the “virtual” bad influence readily at the fingertips of their children. According to the U.S. census over 80% of adolescents own at least one form of media technology (Comer 2008). The use of this technology is increasing every year with text messages and social networking being an easy access to both youths and adults. A survey was conducted in 2010 by the Kaiser Family Foundation on daily media usage. The survey found that children 8 to 18 logged an average of 6 hour media...
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...Multimedia can significantly shape children’s behavior and can have a negative impact on their future development. Repeat exposure to media messages can shape the idea of what normal is for them. Consequently, subliminal messages can influence children’s minds in a way that they do not notice. In today’s society, children read less and less and watch television more. Children exposed to messages in television, film, video, music and video games at a young age can have certain behaviors reinforced and because children can’t distinguish between television, and video games and real life they will mirror what they see. On the contrary, books are by definition media, and can graphically depict violence as well as television or film. Books and television are both forms of communication. However, would installing more literacy programs introduce certain behaviors not wanted? Television has made communication more efficient and there’s no reason that we can’t tell children not to be violent more efficiently. Society and multimedia does put a big emphasis on beauty. Children watching television and other forms of media see that they are supposed to act a certain way to get attention from the opposite sex. This influences many teens to wear certain types of clothing and makeup and act a mature way at an earlier age. Sex scenes in film and television influence teen sexual behavior. According to a study done by Health Day News, studied children 12-14, and the content of what they...
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...The article describes the effect that short term confinement has on violent prisoners from various prison units in the southern United States. The researcher explores, if exposure to solitary confinement should prevent future punishment within one-year of post exposure and prevent negative future behaviors. The research believes that fear of going back to solitary confinement should deter inmates from future misconduct. The author based research on individual rather than general population. And claim that solitary confinement has a general null effect on subsequent violence behaviors. The research is empirical, and uses rigorous methods. Statistical analysis is defined in detail and includes charts, graphs, and exponential result summations....
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...Exchange Rate Exposure Dominique and Tesar 2006 – Journal of International Economics 68 Summary by Paolo De Angelis As any introduction, the first part of the article describes and conjects about the main thesis: a possible relationship within exchange rate exposure and firm value. The Authors talk about their work and how they builded such strong hypothesis to demonstrate which is the connection and doing that they explain two objectives: understand how much these firms are exposed to exchange rate fluctuation and investigate why some firms are exposed and some not. Then there is an explanation about tools used to do the research and statistic technique used to test different ideas about correlation among main features characterizing these frims. A very important inference is about the firms involved and not; talking about Ford Motor Company the Authors explain how not only international operating firms are influenced by exchange rate but also local ones, infact exchange rate does influence sales competition in the country where local firms operate. As a resume it explain the third hypothesis about firms exposed due to the level of trade that they do; but, instead of the two previous hypothesis, using proxies because of data lacking. All of this using two diffused indexes: a mark-up index and the Herfindhal Hirschman Index, that is very suitable because of his power to evaluate firms not only relating to market share but squaring it to avoid both arithmetical...
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...Chapter 5 - Attention and Comprehension Exposure to Information ❖ Critical for consumers’ interpretation processes. ❖ Two types of exposure to marketing information are intentional and accidental exposure. ❖ Levels of intentional exposure to marketing information are rather low. ❖ Most exposures are random that occur as consumers move through their environments and “accidentally” come into contact with marketing information. Selective exposure to marketing occurs when: ❖ Consumers become more adept at avoiding exposure. ❖ Consumers do not maintain accidental exposure to marketing information. Attention Processes ❖ Attention implies selectivity. ❖ It connotes awareness and consciousness. ❖ Attention also suggests intensity and arousal. [pic] Factors Influencing Attention ❖ Affective states (consumers who are in a bad (or good) mood are more likely to notice negative (or positive) aspects of their environment. ❖ Low arousal reduces the amount and intensity of attention. ❖ A state of high affective arousal can narrow consumers’ focus of attention and make attention more selective. ❖ Involvement (Ex. Joe desperately needs a new pair of shoes for a wedding in two days) tend to focus their attention on marketing stimuli that are relevant to their needs (shoe ads and shoe stores) ❖ Motivational state guiding stimuli selection for focal attention and comprehension. ...
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...types of media influence youth and children. It identifies that different media have different ways of influencing children in the areas of: learning, violence, nutrition, sexuality, alcohol and smoking, and advertising. Children are so much more easily influenced by media because of their developing minds and the fact that they are still learning about social norms of the world. Things portrayed to children in the media are thus perceived as social norms even though they are often the most extreme behaviors our society exhibits. It is important for parents and guardians to monitor their children's exposure to media or at least guide them in their understanding of what they are seeing/hearing/reading/etc. As our world is becoming more and more technology based and more and more heavily influenced by media, cutting out media exposure is not practical or realistic. Media does not only influence children in negative ways, however. Media can also have positive influences on children's developing minds. Because of this, well-monitored media exposure can be beneficial for a child's development when used in moderation. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2792691/ (Links to an external site.) Best Post Analysis This post was one of my best posts because I in depth discussed the affects of media on the development of children. In addition to that I discussed the roles that parents can and maybe should play in monitoring their children’s exposure to media. This post...
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...is the biggest source of political information that the general public is exposed to on a daily bases. Thus creating relationship that influences the political and voting behavior of the public. The studies done on the relationship of the media and voting (Hayes, 2009; Hopmann, Renes, Clases, & Albaek, 2010; Donatella, Pasquino, Vaccari, 2008) demonstrated that the strongest media impact was upon the politically unknowledgeable and the undecided voting public. However, a few more studies (Matthijs & DeVreese, 2008; Freedman & Goldstein, 1999; Hayes, 2009; Pinkleton, Austin, & Fortman, 1998; Tworzecki & Semetko, 2009) have been conducted looking at the impacts of negative campaign or political message content on the public’s voting...
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...portrayals in teen movies and investigating the influence of exposure to these images on gender-based beliefs about friendships, social aggression, and roles of women in society. First, a content analysis of gender portrayals in teen movies was conducted, revealing that female characters are more likely to be portrayed as socially aggressive than male characters. Second, college students were surveyed about their teen movie-viewing habits, gender-related beliefs, and attitudes. Findings suggest that viewing teen movies is associated with negative stereotypes about female friendships and gender roles. Research examining the effects of media exposure demonstrates that media consumption has a measurable influence on people's perceptions of the real world, and, regardless of the accuracy of these perceptions, they are used to help guide subsequent attitudes, judgments, and actions. For example, these results have been yielded for viewing media representations of race,1 the mentally ill,2 and the elderly.3 Past research additionally indicates that watching televised gender portrayals has an effect on individuals' real-world gender-based attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors.4 Based on this research, and the tenets of social cognitive theory, it would be expected that consumption of teen movies would have an analogous influence on audience members' gender-based attitudes and beliefs. Despite the popularity of teen movies, the influence of such films on emerging adults has not been examined...
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...As well, various studies included an estimated guess of how much time youth were publicly expose to alcohol media. After several months, the study made a follow up of these results stating that the evidence demonstrated indicated a compelling figure among the consumption of alcohol in young adults through the media exposure. Of the thirteen studies, twelve of these concluded an influence on alcohol use. Data demonstrated a correlation of youth planning to use alcohol because of alcohol advertisements near schools, thus there was no association between alcohol consumption increases. Overall, the results of the longitudinal study indicated that they found enough evidence that indicated how the exposure of media supports an influence among non-drinkers meanwhile increasing the levels of intake among frequent...
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...fetal state. In addition, as the body grows so does the bone in thickness and length, this is called bone growth. There are multiple of factors influencing bone development, growth, and repair. These include nutrition, exposure to sunlight, hormonal secretions, and physical exercise. (p 183-198) Nutrion: Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the bone and constitute its structure and strength, it is vital for muscle contraction and nerve transmission, besides other roles. Magnesium is needed for bone structure and strength, (Integration.”)Trace minerals are also important for encouraging bone growth in lesser amount. These type of nutrition helps to maintain and balance vitamin D in the body between bone resorption and formation, the two key processes of bone remodeling. Vitamins and minerals, also help bone formation, strength and mineralization, and decrease the risk of bone fractures. It helps harden bone. promotes bone growth, protects vitamin D levels and contributes to calcium absorption....
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...advertising or more generally sensory features, which leads us more in depth of the Behavioral Learning Theories that emphasizes the learning process that occurs as consumers are facing external events. Its is to say do these external factors such as music during advertising influence the attention and the process of information, or do they directly takes part of the forming attitude process. Then we can especially focus on the Classical conditioning approach and effects on attitude (if there is) as Gerald J. Gorn does in his research. But before explaining the theory, on which the research is based, let focus on its objectives. As explained earlier, the purpose of the two experiments are to demonstrate if there is a scientific connection between the sensory features added to information in an advertisement and the attitude(s) and preference(s) shaped toward the attitude object (and attitude advertisement). Using the classical approach, to look for proofs of the influence of music (as colors…) on the preferences a consumer develops toward a product, Gerald J. Gorn emphasizes also the weaknesses of this approach both in marketing and psychology area. In deed, a lack of popularity of classical conditioning’s influence on attitude is set in this domain. We...
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...University of Aberdeen Report Balance of advantages of the UK joining the EMU and/or using the Euro as a functional currency. Contents Contents 2 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 3 2. INTRODUCTION 3 2.1. HISTORY OF INSOMNIA PLC 3 2.2. SCOPE OF BUSINESS 3 2.3. CURRENT EXPOSURES 4 2.3.1. TRANSACTION EXPOSURE 4 2.3.2. ECONOMIC EXPOSURE 4 2.3.3. TRANSLATION EXPOSURE 4 2.4. HEDGING 5 3. EFFECTS OF UK JOINING EMU ON INSOMNIA PLC 5 3.1. COST SAVINGS ON CROSS-BORDER TRANSACTIONS 5 3.2. STABILITY OF PRICES 6 3.3. PRICE TRANSPARENCY 6 3.4. OTHER EFFECTS 6 4. USING EURO AS A FUNCTIONAL CURRENCY OF INSOMNIA PLC 7 5. CONCLUSION 8 6. BIBLIOGRAPHY 9 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY It has been found that UK joining EMU as well as accepting the Euro as a functional currency will bring more benefits to Insomnia plc than staying outside of the Economic and Monetary Union or continuing using Pound Sterling as a functional currency. Both of the choices will decrease the currency exchange rate fluctuation risk which was found to be the most significant to the company. Analysis were based mainly on academic articles, European Central Bank (ECB) publishing’s, and International Accounting Standards (IASs). 2. INTRODUCTION “The Economic and Monetary Union is an agreement between participating European nations...
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...head: Does Media Violence Promote Aggressive Behavior Does Exposure to Media Violence Promote Aggressive Behavior? Valerie Bean Psychology 150-107 October 29, 2011 Abstract There have been many studies done on the effects of media violence exposure and aggressive behavior. First the term media violence needs to be examined. What form of media violence is perceived to be the most influential? There are television shows, movies, music, news shows and newspapers, video games and cartoons. What type of violence such as, murder, rape, bullying, or theft is the public more apt to associate with and be affected by? Should a look at how true violent crimes are reported by the media also be considered? Last we should also look at statistics of rising population and families that have more than one income to survive now compared to 60 years ago. The term “media violence” is defined by Merriam Webster Dictionary as: Media – Plural of the word medium which is the means of communication, such as radio, television, newspaper, magazines, music etc. that reaches or influences people widely Violence – an exertion of physical force so as to injure or abuse; injury by or as if by distortion infringement or profanation; an intense, turbulent or furious and often destructive action of force. Does Exposure to Media Violence Promote Aggressive Behavior? There are many forms of media and different ways they can influence behavior. Researchers, Politicians, Psychiatrists, and the Federal...
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