...world and the advent of the information age. Define globalization, describe how it evolved over time, and describe the key drivers of globalization. Explain what an information system is, contrasting its data, technology, people, and organizational components. Describe the dual nature of information systems in the success and failure of modern organizations. Describe how computer ethics impact the use of information systems and discuss the ethical concerns associated with information privacy and intellectual property. CHAPTER OVERVIEW This chapter helps the student understand the role of information systems as organizations move into the digital world, and how they have helped fuel globalization. The student will learn what information systems are, how they have evolved to become a vital part of modern organizations, and why this understanding is necessary to become an effective manager in the digital world. The student will also learn how globalization evolved, and what opportunities globalization presents for organizations. The importance of ethics as it relates to IS is discussed especially as it relates to information privacy, accuracy, property, and accessibility. A number of cases and illustrations are used, for example, Apple products and how they have evolved over time (such as the iPhone, Mac Air, iPod, and iPad). CHAPTER OUTLINE PREVIEW Managing in the Digital World: Apple INFORMATION SYSTEMS TODAY The Rise of the Information Age BRIEF CASE Technology at Starbucks...
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...Information Privacy Name of the student The privacy of personal information related to the data stored on the computer systems is termed as Information privacy. The information privacy is related to privacy of personal data that is collected by various organizations for personal use. The private information can be stored in medical records, political records, criminal records, financial data, data on website or any information related to the business related which needs to be protected and keep it secured. Thus information privacy may also be called as data privacy. An important aspect of information sharing is information privacy. With the advancement in technology, there has been increase in vulnerabilities related to personal information. Thus to protect the personal data, information privacy can be applied in various ways like encrypting the data, data masking and authentication by which only the people who are legitimate users can have access to the private data of the organization with authorized access. Using these measures, the personal information can be protected from illegal and unauthorized access and also prevent data mining (Bergstein, Brian , 2004; Swartz, Nikki, 2006) which otherwise is illegal in many parts of the world. As we know that in today’s world, the information technology sector is changing very rapidly, where location tracking is becoming a norm and smart phones that are becoming even smarter. Thus an attempt is being made by the officials to make...
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...Technology and Privacy Name: Course: Institution: Lecture Date: The world today has modern technology that makes life easier and dependable on it. Technology claims a huge influence on many aspects of life: economic, social and political among others. There are both aesthetic and scientific dimensions towards technology in that those scientists and artists have worked single-handedly or together in the future and present-day like in making dimensional inventions. Although the technology has its positive on the human life, it also has its negative effects on humans. Over years now so many evils against humanity have cropped up socially, politically and even economically (Agre & Rotenberg 1998). Politically, people have pointed accusing fingers to the government for failing to safeguard their privacy but only to make false assurances. The government has been repeatedly allowed its agencies to monitor phone calls and emails from foreigners visiting the USA with the intention of protecting its national security. They monitor these communications in hope that they detect any terrorist plans against the country. Although monitoring may have succeeded extensively in a repeated occasions, the privacy of innocent individuals has been violated by accessing private conversations. It is the fear of many too that while only government agencies can access private information, the data gathered could be used not only for the right reasons. Personal information of people is being...
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...[pic] Data protection and privacy ethical guidelines This document was produced on September the 18th 2009 The version of this document is: 5 Experts Working Group on data protection and privacy Chaired by: Caroline Gans-Combe Special thanks to the Panel Members: Andrew Bottomley, Duarte Carvalho-Oliveira, Costas A. Charitidis, Eva Del Hoyo-Barbolla, Anne Demoisy, Anna Giovanetti, Walter Hannak, James Houghton, David Morton, François Moutou , Jane Lamprill, Antony Lebeau, David Townend, and Mary Sharp. - Very special thanks to the Ethics Team : Isidoros Karatzas, Mihalis Kritikos, Yamina Cheikh, Paulette Matkovic Ramirez, Marie Cocquyt, Marco Michelini, Stefan de Vos and François Hirsch General disclaimer: this document examines the major concepts of data protection and privacy from the point of view of research ethics. It aims at raising awareness about these concepts in the scientific community and at assisting applicants while preparing to submit their project proposals. It does not seek to discuss these concepts in-depth but provides a general overview of their main parameters and some basic suggestions regarding their handling for the purposes of the European Commission's Ethical Review procedure. This document represents an effort to reflect on the experience gained during the operation of the Ethics Review mechanism and to provide some practical guidance, thus it will be regularly updated. The document contains three sections: ...
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...Privacy and Culture: Comparative study of privacy issues with respect to mobile technology in India and America Sreeranjani K Pattabiraman Abstract The past decade has witnessed a huge shift in the development of mobile technology which has led to privacy issues, murmurings of which started surfacing only in recent years. A lot of research has been carried out by academicians on mobile technology and its impact on society. There have also been comparative studies on how privacy has changed for people over the years with the boom of social networking sites and smart phones. But, there has not been a substantial study or analysis conducted on how people's privacy has been directly affected by the ever-increasing population boom of mobile-phone users. This comparative study analyzes the concept of privacy with respect to mobile surveillance and draws upon prior work in the field of mobile surveillance, ranging from popular press on government surveillance in India and USA and case studies in these two countries related to people’s view on privacy, to the works of ACLU (American Civil Liberty Union) in USA and Stop CMS (Central Monitoring System) in India. The study is built around the analysis and comparison of the issue of mobile surveillance in both the countries, how people dealt with this, and the role of culture in determining people’s view on privacy. It also proposes suggestions for how future research can be carried out in the field of mobile surveillance. Keywords ...
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...present the evolution of the economic theory of privacy (Section 2), we examine current privacy-related trade-o s for data subjects and data holders (Section 3), and we highlight the current economic debate on privacy protection (Section 4). 1.1 The Boundaries of the Economics of Privacy Before commencing our analysis, we alert the reader of the boundaries inherent to an eco- nomic approach to the privacy debate. First of all, in the rest of the document our focus will be, primarily, on information privacy - that is, on the issues associated with the collection and usage of individuals' personal information (Westin, 1970). We take this approach be- cause, while privacy is a multi-faceted concept, most of the relevant contemporary economic research focuses on consumers' data . Our focus on informational privacy and consumer data, however, should not be construed as a denial of the existence of other dimensions to the pri- vacy debate, which may be more dicult to capture in economic terms (Solove (2006), for instance, distinguishes between privacy issues associated with the collection, processing, or dissemination of personal data, and privacy issues associated with personal invasions , such intrusion and decisional interference). Second, the existence of such trade-o s does not imply that the economic agents are always aware of them as they take decisions that will impact their privacy. Third, the analysis of trade-o s associated with...
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...Mark I. Preamble A data broker industry is prevalent in this age of information technology today. With the explosion of the Internet, sites like USAData, ChoicePoint or Acxiom has been built to store their personal data is quite large. 3877 list of charitable contributions in Detroit can be purchased from the site USAData cost $ 465.24 or college Broad also sold student data of 1700 with prices 28 cents per person. Business occupations are permitted by law and it exists depends on the information needs of the growing society. For example, data from ChoicePoint or Acxiom has helped the IRS Tax Department, Department of Homeland Security, Justice and other government departments in the U.S. anti-terrorism policy. But the sale of these data affect the privacy of individuals and social stability. The wrong information can cause confusion or individuals lose their jobs or are disadvantaged in the job. The business side of the data shows the necessity to set out the legal documents to manage this sector II. THE ANSWER TO QUESTION Question 1: Does the data brokers have caused a dilemma (dilemma), moral or not? Explain Data broker is an individual or organization searching, collecting information, data, and then sold him back the data. Data brokers are actually interested in career in the exploding information age and the amount of information customers need is increasing. While brokers bring more information to customers and efficient organization, private data brokers has...
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...of Digital Privacy in an Information Technology Age Diana Flynn Strayer University Professor James Merola April 30, 2012 1. List and describe at least three (3) technologies that allow an individual to research citizen’s private data. Intelius.com is a technology that helps people find family members, friends, classmates, military buddies and almost anyone living in the United States. It sells background information to anyone or anybody regardless of who you are. DateCheck is a site hosted by Intelius which stores reports including names, addresses, birth dates, court records, and cell phone numbers. People can access personal records by name, social security number or phone number through Intelius. The second technology is Google.com. If you are looking for information on someone, searching the web using Google is one of the best places to start. A person can find background information, phone numbers, addresses, maps and more. On the flip side, anyone can find the same information about you. Information is given by citizens opening up an account. It is the basic information such as name, address, phone, email or credit card number. Information is shared with companies, organizations, and in individuals outside of Google with consent. Data searched on the web is stored to improve and maintain the security of their systems. Government agencies request information from Google...
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...2010 This document is provided “as-is.” Information and views expressed in this document, including URL and other Internet Web site references, may change without notice. You bear the risk of using it. This document does not provide you with any legal rights to any intellectual property in any Microsoft product. You may copy and use this document for your internal, reference purposes. You may not modify this document without written consent from Microsoft. Microsoft Corp. • One Microsoft Way • Redmond, WA 98052-6399 • USA All rights reserved. Contents The Evolution of Privacy Models in Computing .................................................................................... 1 The Principles of Accountability ......................................................................................................... 2 The Use–and-Obligations Model ........................................................................................................ 3 A Privacy Governance Framework ...................................................................................................... 4 Conclusion....................................................................................................................................... 5 1 The Role and Importance of Organizational Accountability in Managing and Protecting Users’ Data The Evolution of Privacy Models in Computing Since the early 1970s, fair information principles have provided consumers, organizations...
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...for our field or our particular patients. An advocate is a person who pleads for another person case to argue a point or justify something against or in accordance with the ruling of that case (John A. Daly (2012). Decide on 1 or 2 issues that particularly interest (or bother) you. Become an expert by really get to know the issue(s) (Curia.europa.eu, 2015). Identify all “players” involved in the issue those that support and those that oppose. The case I have chosen is the data protection case in US. The united states intelligence system is able to access personal data of persons without their knowledge. According to the rule of law, People should be protected against the infringement of privacy rights unless they have indicated their willingness to release such information An Australian citizen “Maximillian Schrems” lodged complains to Irish data Protection Authority that United States Intelligence service is accessing his personal data. He is not the only with such problem but it is a common behavior and the Irish Authority rejected his complain on the ground that US intelligence service offers maximum protection to persons data. The access enjoyed by Intelligence services Authorities in US constitutes an interference with private life and personal data. The inability of other citizens to be heard amounts to interference with their rights and an effective remedy should be done (John A. Daly (2012). The interference with fundamental individual rights is a contradiction...
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...The advances made in information technologies are causing an increasing number of ethical problems. The power used to processing computers doubles about every two years. Organizations are more dependent than ever before on their information systems. The Ethical problems arising from the appropriate use of customer information, personal privacy, and the protection of intellectual property have lead to increased laws to regulate the way data is collected. There are also privacy issues involved collecting, storing, and disseminating information about individuals. Privacy is the right to be left alone and to be free of unreasonable personal intrusions. Information privacy is the right to determine when, and to what extent, information about yourself can be gathered and/or communicated to others. 1 Court decisions in many countries have followed two rules fairly closely: The right of privacy is not absolute. Privacy must be balanced against the needs of society. The public’s right to know supersedes the individual’s right of privacy. These two rules show why it is difficult in some cases to determine and enforce privacy regulations. National Do Not Call Registry The protection of privacy brought about the need for the National Do Not Call Registry. This registry is intended to give consumers an opportunity to limit the telemarketing calls they receive. The registry was set to begin in 2003, but a court challenge delayed its implementation until 2004. The law does provide exceptions...
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...Facebook Facebook has always been accused for giving users a false sense of control over their data privacy. Firstly, it is because Facebook places too much burden on users to navigate a complex web of settings, including for privacy, advertisements and followers. Since the process of changing setting is so tedious, many users may just do not care about the privacy setting. Opt-outs for sponsored stories or collection of location data aren’t provided so users are forced to tell their locations to Facebook. Secondly, Facebook’s ability to track users’ activity outside Facebook have increased exponentially as time has passed. Facebook now gathers information through these plugins regardless of whether the buttons are used. Every time a user goes on a website with a Facebook like button, the browsing history with be recorded and Facebook may give the information to a third party for advertising and other purposes. In addition, Facebook’s acquisition of Instagram and WhatsApp has allowed them to collect more kinds of user data, which enables more detailed profiling. Facebook’s terms don’t properly acknowledge the data subject rights of users as well. Though users have some options to control the visibility of their information within their networks, they are not able to prevent Facebook from further using this information for its purposes. The privacy settings were less clear in relation to the collection and use of data by Facebook itself or by third-parties like application...
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...Privacy Rights The privacy of the individual is the most important right. Without privacy, the democratic system that we know would not exist. Privacy is one of the fundamental values on which our country was founded. There are exceptions to privacy rights that are created by the need for defense and security. When our country was founded, privacy was not an issue. The villages then were small and close. Most people knew their neighbors and what was going on in the community. They did not have drunk drivers, terrorist, or any other threat of changing the way they lived. The transportation that most people had access to were horses. Today there are autos that can be fatal if not controlled. Speed limits and licenses are two examples. The government we have in place maintains and organizes our society. The elements of control are often viewed as violations of privacy. These elements are meant to protect us from irresponsible people and from hurting themselves. The laws that are in place still give privacy without invading personal lives. Privacy is only violated when people feel they are being violated. Jonathan Franzen writes this example of his feelings about privacy. “One of my neighbors in the apartment building across the street spends a lot of time at her mirror examining her pores, and I can see her doing it, just as she can undoubtedly see me sometimes. But our respective privacies remain intact as long as neither of us feels seen.” If people...
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...Trident University International Michael S. Hunter Module 1 Case Assignment ETH 301: Business Ethics Dr. Steven Gold and Dr. Joel Kostman August 8th, 2011 During the next few pages I will make an argument through utilitarian and deontological reasoning and explore the nature of privacy to answer the question; “Should Justin Ellsworth’s Parents have been given access to his email?” This is a very debatable question. It is my belief based upon my values and life experiences to take the position that his parents should not be given access to his e-mail. First, let us consider the utilitarian aspect of the question. Utilitarianism, as defined by the notes under the Module 1 home page, “the assessment of good versus bad consequences of an action and choosing the course of action that best serves the greatest good for the greatest number”. In the Ellsworth case there are many factors to consider. Positive factors include many interests by both parties. One example is the obligation for Yahoo as an Internet Service Provider (ISP) to honor their contractual agreement. Another positive factor for Justin’s parents is the ability to gain some additional insight into his personal life, something they may need for personal closure and the parental need to know more about their son’s life. A negative aspect of this case is the ultimate disclosure of communications that were private between Justin and another individual. If he meant for his parents to receive a copy...
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...Data Privacy G.Maruthi What is data privacy? • Protection of personal data • Why do we need protect personal data? – The need to control personal data • • • • Fear of misuse Identity Theft Cases of Fraud Other form of cyber crimes What is Personal Information? • According to the European Directive on Data Protection – Article 2: “Personal Data shall mean any information relating to an identified or identifiable natural person (‘data subject’); an identifiable person is one who can be identified , directly or indirectly, in particular, by reference to an identification number or to one or more factors specific to his physical, physiological, mental economic , cultural or social identity” – Article 8: Personal data revealing racial or ethnic origin, political opinions, religious or philosophical beliefs, trade-union membership, data concerning health How collected? • Some examples: – Registering with email service – Online shopping – Online bill payment – Social networking – Online gaming Recent Incidents • The Vodafone Germany case (12 September 2013, BBC News): – Personal information of customers stolen by hackers – Affected – Two million – What kind of information? • • • • Names Addresses Bank Account Numbers and Birth Dates Recent Incidents • Adobe Data Stolen(4 October, 2013, BBC News): – Personal information stolen – About 2.9 million customers affected – Nature of information stolen • Encrypted customer passwords • Other private information ...
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