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Information Systems as a New Parameter

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Faktor-faktor Kegagalan Google Video Player
Google merupakan salah satu raksasa dalam dunia teknologi. Meskipun perusahaan ini merupakan perusahaan terbesar dan paling berpengalaman dalam hal teknologi, Google pernah melakukan beberapa kesalahan-kesalahan dan kegagalan-kegagalan. Opini-opini terkait produkproduk Google yang dikembangkan demi menyaingi kompetitornya terus merebak baik dari pendukung produk pesaingnya, pendukung produk Google, maupun pengguna netral. Beberapa produk Google yang dihasilkan demi menghadapi persaingan dengan kompetitor diantaranya jejaring sosial, katalog, web accelerator, platform dedication, dan pemutar video. Untuk permasalahan kompetisi pemutar video, Google tentunya mencoba untuk membuat layanan sendiri. Google berusaha untuk memberikan layanan pemutar media yang dirasa akan cocok untuk menyaingi keunggulan beberapa aplikasi pemutar media lainnya, seperti Windows Media Player, VLC Media Player, ALPPlayer, RealPlayer, dan sejenisnya. Google menamakannya Google Video Player. Bagaimana layanan ini datang dan meledak di pasaran? Pada tahun 2005, Google mengumumkan akan masuk kedalam ranah pencarian video (video search). Meskipun pada saat itu – dan bahkan sampai sekarang – Google memiliki banyak fungsi pencarian, video masih baru pada saat itu. YouTube diluncurkan satu bulan setelah Google meluncurkan fitur video searchnya. Hal ini merupakan bagian dari usaha yang semakin meluas oleh Google untuk memperkaya bisnisnya. Bersamaan dengan perluasan pesaing-pesaing lain, secara cepat Google memulai dengan penambahan fitur-fitur. Pada awal mula diluncurkan, Google Video hanya memiliki fungsi pencarian. Didalamnya belum terdapat pemutar video atau semacamnya. Pada bulan Juni 2005, Google Video merilis dan menawarkan dua pilihan tampilan. Google Video Player dipakai untuk memutar video pada browser secara langsung. Sementara itu Google Video Player juga memberikan kemungkinan pengunduhan dan penampilan video dalam sebuah aplikasi yang berdiri sendiri. Pada saat itu, hal ini membuat sebuah percikan besar yang menyebabkan para analisator memperkirakan hal-hal besar terkait distribusi konten akan terjadi setelahnya. Google Video Player pada saat itu memang bukan merupakan hal yang buruk, namun hal tersebut juga bukan merupakan sesuatu yang baru. Didasari pada awalnya secara orisinil oleh aplikasi VLC, Google Video Player tampak serupa, setidaknya pada tahap awal. Pengguna dapat menggunakan file berekstensikan .gvp, yang ternyata bukan berisi video itu sendiri melainkan rujukan ke player pada sumber online. Saat itu belum ada berita utama yang meledak terkait Google Video atau Google Video Player sampai Januari 2006. Sejak Google mengumumkan akan memulai penawaran video-ondemand sebagai pelayanan berbayar, sebuah pergerakan dari kompetitor lain menggeser persaingan secara langsungnya dengan Youtube, yaitu sparring partner iTunes. Selanjutnya, Google menawarkan beberapa program layar kaca untuk dimainkan di Google Video Player dengan 2 dollar setiap episodenya. Beberapa program dapat diputar tanpa batas, sedangkan yang lainnya dilakukan penyewaan 24 jam. Dalam sebuah langkah khas Google, Google Video melanjutkan pengembangannya untuk menerapkan tag beta bahkan setelah Google Video memulai pengisian konten-konten yang berbayar. Hal ini tidak mendapatkan sambutan hangat dari masyarakat. PC Magazine memberikan bintang 3 dari 5 dan mengatakan bahwa meskipun terdapat banyak konten gratis, namun beberapa konten berbayar dirasa terlalu mahal dan pembatasan pada konten-konten masih belum jelas. Kombinasi dari

konten gratis dan konten berbayar pada layanan yang sama juga membuat konten berbayar terasa lebih murah. Pencarian terhadap CSI dapat memberikan kembali video on-demand berkualitas tinggi. Pelayanan keseluruhan tidak sebaik integrasi Quicktime pada iTunes. Dalam rasa malu yang besar bagi Google, CBS (stasiun televisi Amerika Serikat) menarik diri dari kerjasamanya dengan Google setelah kurang dari satu bulan kontrak. Hal ini meninggalkan Google sebagai pelayan konten media yang berbayar menjadi kekurangan akan konten-kontennya yang berbayar, sedangkan konten video gratis yang dimiliki Google pada titik ini jelas tertinggal oleh Youtube yang terlihat lepas landas seperti roket tanpa tanda-tanda perlambatan. Para analisator yang tidak yakin akan alasan apa yang membuat Google Video ternyata gagal untuk bersaing pada pasar penyedia layanan pemutar video, membuat bermacam-macam prediksi. Salah satu rumor yang menarik memperkirakan Apple dan Google menjalin kemitraan yang nyatanya tidak pernah terjadi. Spekulasi lain yang mengatakan bahwa Google akan membeli Youtube benar terjadi. Youtube dibeli oleh Google dengan harga yang luar biasa, yaitu 1,65 milyar dollar. Dengan ini, lonceng kematian dari Google Video dan Google Video Player telah terdengar. Google Video masih ada sebagai fungsi pencarian, namun kemampuan untuk upload video telah dinonaktifkan sejak awal 2009 dan area developer telah ditinggalkan sejak saat itu. Sementara itu Google Video Player memiliki usia yang lebih pendek, dan secara resmi tidak dipasarkan lagi sejak 17 Agustus 2007. Dalam pengamatan saya pribadi, Google dirasa telah melakukan hal yang cukup baik dalam tahapan-tahapan aktivitas pengembangan perangkat lunak. Kemungkinan besar tim yang melakukan request atau menawarkan ide telah melakukan proses komunikasi dengan lancar. Spesifikasi dan keinginan dari tim pastinya telah diutarakan dengan baik dan jelas dari awal. Pengembanganpengembangan lanjutan tentu telah diberikan kepada tim pengembang dengan sempurna sehingga tidak ada – atau mungkin tidak begitu signifikannya – permasalahan bug atau permasalahan tidak terpakainya hasil pengembangan dari Google Video Player. Pada tahap perencanaan, ada beberapa celah yang terlewat oleh Google yaitu terkait strategi peluncuran, komparasi dengan pesaing-pesaing, dan inovasi. Strategi peluncuran layanan yang disediakan Google ini terasa kurang tepat karena pada saat itu pengembang-pengembang lain terus berkompetisi dan timing perilisan layanan ini begitu dekat dengan diluncurkannya Youtube. Selain itu, kompetitor-kompetitor lain terus bersaing untuk memberikan pelayanan yang lebih inovatif, sedangkan Google Video Player hanya melakukan pelayanan pencarian, pemutaran, dan pengunduhan yang ekstensinya merujuk kepada player di sumber online lain. Seiring tahap perencanaan yang terbatas terkait pembangunan layanan yang tujuannya terbatas pula pada pemberian layanan yang dapat menyaingi kompetitor, tahapan pemodelan (analisa dan desain) tentunya akan merujuk pada perencanaan yang telah dilakukan sebelumnya. Pada tahapan ini, pengembang hanya tinggal melakukan langkah-langkah yang telah direncanakan pada tahap sebelumnya. Tahapan selanjutnya, terkait konstruksi, perusahaan sebesar Google tentu tidak akan menghadapi permasalahan yang cukup berarti. Dengan sumber daya manusia yang mumpuni dan memadai, proses code generation tentu tidak akan menemui masalah-masalah yang signifikan, begitupun pada proses testing. Hanya saja, pada proses testing, pihak yang memberi ide semestinya dapat melihat secara jeli permasalahan-permasalah yang akan timbul jika layanan seperti itu diluncurkan pada kondisi dan waktu tertentu seperti pada saat itu. Terakhir, untuk tahap deployment, Google sebagai perusahaan yang besar pastinya tak akan menemui permasalahan yang cukup signifikan. Semua inovasi-inovasi dan produk-produk yang ditawarkan Google lancar melalui tahapan ini. Jika kita lihat secara seksama, kunci dari permasalahan ini adalah tim yang memberikan inisiasi ide. Google Video Player merupakan sebuah layanan yang baik dan tepat untuk diluncurkan, meskipun bukan suatu hal yang baru pada saat peluncurannya saat itu. Kurangnya inovasi menjadi titik tolak permasalahan yang ada. Pada bagian awal tulisan ini telah dijabarkan bahwa Google seringkali menghasilkan serta menawarkan produk-produk yang sebenarnya telah ada sebelumnya. Google hanya menyediakan produk substitusi dengan sedikit perbedaan yang kurang begitu signifikan. Terkait Google Video Player ini, Google hanya ingin memberikan substitusi akan produkproduk pemberi layanan pemutar media yang telah ada seperti Windows Media Player, VLC Media Player, ALPPlayer, RealPlayer, dan lainnya. Sementara itu pengembang produk-produk tersebut tentunya terus melakukan inovasi akan layanan yang telah ia sediakan. Disamping itu YouTube

sebagai penyedia jasa layanan yang relatif sama dan berbasis web, diluncurkan pada waktu yang hampir bersamaan sehingga proses promosi Google Video Player pun terhambat selama satu tahun sejak pertama kali dirilis. Terlihat secara jelas bahwa permasalahan-permasalahan tersebut bukan terletak pada tahapan pengembangan perangkat lunak, basis data, ataupun arsitektur, melainkan inovasi. Kunci dari permasalahan ini adalah minimnya inovasi yang ditawarkan oleh Google Video Player sebagai pemberi layanan pemutar media, dalam hal ini video. Pada masa itu ada baiknya jika Google menahan hasratnya untuk memberikan layanan yang relatif sama fungsinya dengan aplikasi-aplikasi atau layanan yang telah beredar sebelumnya dipasaran. Selain itu, jika Google masih ingin tetap berkompetisi dengan para pesaingnya untuk membeli dan merebut hati para pengguna layanan pemutar media, Google harus menawarkan berbagai inovasi menarik. Jatuh dan bangunnya Google Video Player dan Google Video ini sejatinya merupakan contoh yang baik tentang bagaimana sebuah fungsi berjalan pada perusahaan besar. Visi Google terkadang masih kurang mulus ketika waktu eksekusinya. Tetapi ketika hal ini terjadi, Google sering menemukan cara lain untuk membuat hal-hal disekitarnya bekerja. Dalam hal ini, konteksnya terbatas pada bagaimana cara “membeli” pengguna yang telah mengetahui video online dimana Youtube pada saat itu telah benar-benar bersinar dan lebih hebat.

Referensi: [1] Clint Boulton, “Enterprise Application: 10 Google Services That Failed and Why,” http://www.eweek.com/c/a/Enterprise-Applications/10-Google-Services-That-Failed-and-Why703489/, Sep 8, 2009. [2] Ben Crompton, “Five Greatest Google Failures,” http://www.pocket-lint.com/news/35201/bestgreatest-google-failures-ever, Sep 7, 2010. [3] “Top 10 Google Flops in Google History,” http://www.listsofworld.com/top-10-google-flops-ingoogle-history.html, Ags 5, 2011. [4] Empire Media, “Failed Google Projects,” http://www.empiremedia.com/failed-google-projects/, Feb 21, 2012. [5] Dini Williyanti, “Project Google,” http://jasionline.com/daftar-sejarah-project-google.html, Jul 13, 2012.

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