...Magirus was a German company and a main IBM distributor for midrange computers in Europe. IBM consider Magirus as a partner and a key account, and Magirus was making big profit selling the IBM products. Magirus at start was ordering products from IBM using Lotus Notes, a program made by IBM and customized for Magirus needs.IBM didn’t have a common direct linkage with its partners around Europe. Every company needed to order products from IBM had a different type of proccesion. Another point we need to refer is that IBM changed all the time its systems for ordering dissatisfying its partners that couldn’t follow this changes.Thus the companies couldn’t trust IBM, cause it didn’t have established practises and taking decissions without consider their needs. So we can see that IBM didn’t have a satisfactory communication in B2B. Both IBM and Magirus seems to be initiative companies for different reasons. IBM needs was to establish a global system for communication via its partners, and saw an oppurtinity creating a system with Magirus that would use after for all of its partners.On the other side, Magirus wanted efficiancy in ordering items, looking for fast, low cost, and not complex proccedures. At the during of their collaboration, they had some communications problems they wanted to solve.IBM first invention was in PC/S system, an organization structure for ordering that was not succed because of the incompability of the pre-exist ordering system of Magirus. Magirus didn’t...
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...The author expressed his belief that investments associated with IT aren't bringing strategic benefits to the enterprise in it, because in the moment, when one company is adopting new technologies, for her competitors are making it exactly alone. The above article made Carr of the enemy of outfitters, the software and persons working for the IT industry from Nicholasa. the Spectrum of opponents of the columnist is very wide. In many issues such giants disagree with it as the Microsoft, the Intel, HP in particular CIO and IT specialists. From it has always been obvious that, at least theoretically, the computing power similarly, as the electric energy could be delivered via a network. In this way the "central generator" would be able to act much more productively and flexibly, than dispersed, private data centers. " - Carr states. The author shows a lot of reasons for changes which are supposed to come. A fact that it is possible to treat computers, data warehouses, the network and the majority of used applications as goods largely is one of them ustandaryzowany. Hereinafter Carr is adding that even with reference to IT specialists it is hard to talk about their uniqueness. The majority performs the legwork utrzymaniowe - exactly the same, like of them odpowiednicy in competitive companies. The columnist is emphasizing that at present the majority of data centers is using only from 25 sources up to the 50% had. In the same time he is consuming the gigantic amount of the electric...
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...problem and objectives, the three things that are uses are exploratory research, descriptive research and causal research. Firstly, exploratory research is conducted to gather preliminary information that will help define the problem and suggest hypothesis. According to the initial information that obtained, the main problem in this research is to determine the cause of students in higher institution prefer to take instant noodles in their diet routine. After that, the second method is through descriptive research. Descriptive research is used to describe things such as the market potential for a product. Marketing research results show that the potential market for instant noodles among students in high institution are very encouraging. The next method is causal research. Causal research is to test hypothesis about cause and effect relationships. In this research, the main cause of students in high institution more takes instant noodles in their diet routine because it is cheap and easy available. Effect, noodles product in high institutions has expended and the students of high institutions are the target market for instant noodles products. 2. Developing the research plan Once the research problem and objectives have been defined, the second steps is determine the exact information needed ,develop a plan for gathering it efficiently, and present the plan to management. The research plan outlines spells out the specific research approaches, contact methods, sampling...
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...ECOFORUM [Volume 3, Issue 2 (5), 2014] WHAT DO WE KNOW FROM EPRG MODEL? Krzysztof DRACHAL Warsaw University of Technology, Poland k.drachal@mini.pw.edu.pl Abstract The aim of this paper is to present the fundamental ideas behind EPRG model. They are discussed with some illustrating examples. Moreover, some attention is drawn on the evolution from one orientation to another. In particular, the geocentric orientation is widely discussed. General Electric is studied in more details as a particular case of the geocentric orientation. Finally, some non-market dissertations are presented, on how geocentrism can evolve and some threats to the public interest are sketched. Key words: corporations; EPRG model; General Electric; geocentrism; internationalization. JEL Classification: F23, F60, L20, M14, M30 I. INTRODUCTION EPRG model, sometimes called also EPG model, is used in the international marketing. It was introduced by Perlmutter (1969). The strategy of the organization is characterized by three factors: ethnocentrism, polycentrism and geocentrism. Hence, the original name - EPG. A little later, Wind, Douglas and Perlmutter (1973) extended this model by another factor - regiocentrism. The extended model is known as EPRG model, in short. This model aims to identify the orientation of the organization. The strategy can be differently oriented, indeed. As a result, costs and profits are generated in slightly different ways, depending on the mentioned kind...
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...The Benefits and Challenges of Computerized Physician Order Entry (CPOE): How are physicians affecting implementation? Anita Marban University of Maryland The Benefits and Challenges of Computerized Physician Order Entry (CPOE): How are physicians affecting implementation? Executive Summary: Physicians have always been the driving force behind the success of new technologies and their effects on healthcare. They are interested in new ways of providing care by utilizing medications or trying new procedures and medical devices. Through research they seek to understand the human body and find cures for the diseases that attack it. They spend years in school and incur debt in upwards of $200,000 dollars before they graduate and have the opportunity to practice independently. Confronted with technology that can improve patient safety by up to 95% and save billions of dollars, they resist change. In the U.S. less than 10% of hospitals and less that 25% of physician offices have fully functioning CPOE systems. Cedars Mt Sinai pulled the plug on their multi-million dollar CPOE system, as did 6 other hospitals because physicians refused to use them. A review of the literature shows that approximately 68% of physicians surveyed identify CPOE as the solution to preventing many medical errors, adopting best-clinical-practices and reducing healthcare costs by billions of dollars annually. It also shows that physicians have issues and concerns with adopting...
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...ECOFORUM [Volume 3, Issue 2 (5), 2014] WHAT DO WE KNOW FROM EPRG MODEL? Krzysztof DRACHAL Warsaw University of Technology, Poland k.drachal@mini.pw.edu.pl Abstract The aim of this paper is to present the fundamental ideas behind EPRG model. They are discussed with some illustrating examples. Moreover, some attention is drawn on the evolution from one orientation to another. In particular, the geocentric orientation is widely discussed. General Electric is studied in more details as a particular case of the geocentric orientation. Finally, some non-market dissertations are presented, on how geocentrism can evolve and some threats to the public interest are sketched. Key words: corporations; EPRG model; General Electric; geocentrism; internationalization. JEL Classification: F23, F60, L20, M14, M30 I. INTRODUCTION EPRG model, sometimes called also EPG model, is used in the international marketing. It was introduced by Perlmutter (1969). The strategy of the organization is characterized by three factors: ethnocentrism, polycentrism and geocentrism. Hence, the original name - EPG. A little later, Wind, Douglas and Perlmutter (1973) extended this model by another factor - regiocentrism. The extended model is known as EPRG model, in short. This model aims to identify the orientation of the organization. The strategy can be differently oriented, indeed. As a result, costs and profits are generated in slightly different ways, depending on the mentioned kind...
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...INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS Issue 4, Volume 6, 2012 Strategic and tactical success factors in ERP system implementation K. Curko1, D. Stepanic2, M. Varga3 Abstract— In order to successfully implement an ERP system it is necessary to properly balance critical success factors. By researching what the critical success factors in ERP implementation are, why they are critical, and to what extent they are relevant to users, consultants and suppliers, this paper seeks to identify critical success factors in ERP implementation and to understand the impact of each factor on the success of ERP system introduction. This paper lists ten critical success factors (CSF) providing two points of view: strategic and tactical. These are: top management support, a business plan and vision, top management support, change management program, project management, implementation strategies, project team, business process modeling and minimal customizations, monitoring and performance evaluation, software development, testing and troubleshooting, legacy systems. Keywords— ERP implementation, critical success factors, IT project, management I. INTRODUCTION Complex IT projects, such as developing and especially implementing ERP systems often fail. Many studies indicate a small success rate in terms of exceeding the time limit, budget and poor functionality of the new system. Successful ERP projects bring great benefits to the company, but can also be devastating to organizations...
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...Fco. Javier (Universidad Complutense de Madrid) PAPER FINANCED BY THE PROJECT PR1/03-11669 OF THE UNIVERSITY COMPLUTENSE OF MADRID A PROPOSAL ON HOW TO APPLY THE BALANCED SCORECARD TO THE COLLECTIVE INVESTMENT MANAGERIAL FIRMS. Muñoz Colomina, Clara I. Urquía Grande, Elena Sevillano Martín, Fco. Javier (Universidad Complutense de Madrid) Collective investment companies, as other institutions in the financial sector, are actually going through moments of great volatility. Consequently these firms need to reformulate their strategic forecast for the next years. This need arises, among other factors, from the collapse of global financial markets, progressive liberalizations in tax and company regulation and the evolution in information technology. Collective investments are very appealing for small investors, as they allow them to benefit from the skills of a professional management, as well as to spread different risks with a diversified portfolio in the different mutual funds. Nevertheless in moments of crisis such as the world is experiencing now, the great volatility of markets and capital losses clearly offset the attractiveness of the portfolio management. The starting point is to take into account the new scenario now developing in collective investment management firms: increasing competence, less captive clients, a more independent sales force, and decrease in their P&L account. With this background we propose to use a planning tool that, in the last ten years, has...
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...[pic] STUDY OF THE BUYING BEHAVIOUR OF CONSUMERS TOWARDS FAIRNESS CREAMS 1) Introduction / aim / objective 2) Industry overview and competitive analysis 3) Segmentation and targeting 4) Differentiation 5) Positioning 6) Marketing mix and resource capabilities 7)Research design a) Aim and objective....define the problem and outcome of research b) Sampling design c) Questionnaire design d) Sources of secondary data 8) Discussion and analysis of research findings 9) Strategic recommendations and conclusions OBJECTIVE - To study the current Indian market for fairness cream. - To asses whether advertising is influencing the buying behavior of the consumer. - To find out the brand preference for fairness cream among people. - To study factor influencing brand preference for fairness cream. Fairness Cream has become a vital product for the Indian companies in increasing their overall sales due to the importance given by Indian consumers towards fairness. As India is a country known for its diversity different consumers from different parts of the country prefer different brands. The leading players in the market includes Hindustan Lever Ltd., (HLL's) 'Fair & Lovely' with 76 percent of the market share and Cavin Kare' s 'Fairever' with 15 percent of the market share. Other important players like Godrej' s 'Fairglow', Emma's 'Fair and Handsome', Vicco and Himalaya share the rest of the market share. There...
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... Abstract The international students’ enrolment in Malaysian private higher education institutions acts as a major contributor to the national economic ability of the higher education institutions. Consequently, this has led to the rise of several studies concerning international students on many aspects, including their perceptions, living experiences, and their behaviors towards the renowned values of the choice of their private higher education institution in Malaysia. In this context, there are very few studies that have looked into international students’ overall satisfaction with their experiences in private higher education institutions. This study is committed to investigate the factors affecting decision making of international students in choosing Malaysian private higher education institutions as a study destination for their postgraduate studies. Sampling chosen for this research are international students currently studying at XX College, one of the leading private higher education institutions in Malaysia. This study contains a theoretical framework done by Sheth, a successful sociologist. Sheth managed to establish a framework that is currently being used to research various aspects of behavior and its influences on student choice on private higher education institutions. Sheth developed a theoretical framework with the aim of explaining complex factors that determine the choice of enrollments by international students covered by the...
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...Points to remember before you participate in this discussion: * Assume, you one of the member of a real group discussion. * Take the initiative to participate and contribute your thoughts. * Express your positive attitude towards providing the solution. | Xcez said: (Wed, Dec 3, 2014 04:06:18 PM) | | | | Management takes a dual process of both art and science, when PLANNING, he/she need some statistical data to enhance him/her project in to the future, procuring data has to do with science. When COORDINATING his/her work force (employees) , he/she needs that human relation skills, to be able to achieve the planned goals and objectives, and this has to do with art. Conducting a feasibility study or market research need science technique and the ability to implement and sustained this result, the management needs art techniques. | Rate this: +0 -0 | Nagaraju said: (Sat, Nov 22, 2014 10:55:57 PM) | | | | I think management has elements of both art and science. It may not be proper to term it as pure science or pure art. In fact, it is a science as well as an art because science and art are both complementary to each other. As cossa has said, "science requires art, art requires science, each being complementary to each other". It may be concluded that there is no hard and fast line between art and science of management. The former(science) will have to solve problems and establish principles which might be applied with benefit to the latter(art)...
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