...IDSA Issue Brief IDSA ISSUE BRIEF 1 Countering the Naxals Harinder Singh Col. Harinder Singh is Research Fellow at the Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses, New Delhi June 11, 2010 Summary This essay attempts to weld the three prongs - governance, security and development - to better understand and handle the situation in the naxal affected states. Theoretically speaking, a three-pronged approach will have to be built around the conceptual framework of GRID-GUARD-GOVERN spanning the critically affected naxal belt. There is nothing new about the strategy except that it would have to be comprehensive in design and necessitate a "whole of the government" approach. The strategy presupposes the need to do away with the sequential application of socio-economic solutions, and which could sometimes be unsavourily politics or media driven, by undertaking security-led governance cum development action. Countering the Naxals 2 India has been engaged in combating internal threats including armed rebellions since independence. It has applied a different approach in each situation, and over time has evolved principles, guidelines and procedures to deal with these challenges. It has learned that counterinsurgency campaigns are not just about winning wars, but about controlling the political violence at levels that enable the initiation of peace initiatives and the creation of an environment conducive to foster dialogue and negotiations. It has been fairly successful...
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...Discuss the success of United States’ strategy in Afghanistan Shahaan Barlas Lahore School of Economics International Relations Mashal Shabbir April 9, 2012 Abstract This paper includes a brief discussion of the U.S strategies in Afghanistan and will then analyze that how successful was U.S in those strategies. The main objectives that were kept in mind by U.S while transferring its troops to Afghanistan are also discussed. The paper also concisely discusses the failure of the strategies undertaken by U.S and reasons for the failure. The paper also analyzes different aspects that left Afghanistan in a situation in which it cannot pursue without the help of another powerful country and also sheds light on the present situation of Afghanistan. The conclusion was drawn keeping in mind all the points, which were taken from credible sources, discussed in the paper. The paper includes several references to make the point more credible and clear to the reader. Success of U.S strategy in Afghanistan The American government was doubtful that even a stable and acceptable outcome in Afghanistan is possible. They believed that Afghanistan has never been managed effectively due to which it has become ungovernable. Much of today's public opposition to the war centers on the widespread fear that whatever the military outcome, there is no Afghan political end state that is both acceptable and achievable at a reasonable cost. An American commissioner...
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...mission of the United States is one of benevolent assimilation, substituting the mild sway of justice and right for arbitrary rule.” — President William McKinley 21 December 1898 T he United States topples an unsavory regime in relatively brief military action, suffering a few hundred fatalities. America then finds itself having to administer a country unaccustomed to democratic self-rule. Caught unawares by an unexpectedly robust insurgency, the United States struggles to develop and implement an effective counterinsurgency strategy. The ongoing US presidential campaign serves as a catalyst to polarize public opinion, as the insurrectionists step up their offensive in an unsuccessful attempt to unseat the incumbent Republican President. These events—from a century ago—share a number of striking parallels with the events of 2003 and 2004. The Philippine Insurrection of 18991902 was America’s first major combat operation of the 20th century. The American policy of rewarding support and punishing opposition in the Philippines, called “attraction and chastisement,” was an effective operational strategy. By eliminating insurgent resistance, the campaign successfully set the conditions necessary for achieving the desired end-state. After a brief review of the conflict, this article will examine the strategic and operational lessons of America’s successful campaign. It will consider the belligerents’ policy goals, strategies, and their centers of gravity. (While 53 Spring 2005 ...
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...Army / Infantry History 071N5090 / Version 1.20 08 Jun 2011 SECTION I. ADMINISTRATIVE DATA All Courses Including This Lesson| Course Number Version Course Title 010-11C30-C45 2.10 INDIRECT FIRE INFANTRYMAN ADV LDR| Task(s)Taught(*) or Supported|Task Number Task Title| Reinforced Task(s)| Task Number Task Title| Academic Hours|The academic hours required to teach this lesson are as follows: Resident Hours/Methods 2 hrs / Case Study 20 mins / Conference / Discussion Test 0 hrs Test Review 0 hrs Total Hours: 2 hrs 20 mins| Test Lesson Number| Hours Lesson No. Testing (to include test review) N/A | Prerequisite Lesson(s)| Lesson Number Lesson TitleNone| Clearance Access|Security Level: UnclassifiedRequirements: There are no clearance or access requirements for the lesson.| Foreign Disclosure Restrictions|FD6. This product/publication has been reviewed by the product developers in coordination with the USAIS foreign disclosure authority. This product is releasable to students from foreign countries on a case-by-case basis.| References|Number|Title|Date|Additional Information| ||||| Student Study Assignments|None| Instructor Requirements|None| Additional Support|Name|Stu Ratio|Qty|Man Hours| Personnel Requirements|Historian (Civilian)||1| 2 hrs | |Senior Small Group Instructor (Enlisted)||1| 2 hrs | ||||| Equipment Required|IdName|Stu Ratio|Instr Ratio|Spt|Qty|Exp| ...
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...Phone: 92‐51‐250 5030 Fax: 92‐51‐550 1288 Email: info@thevision21.org BALOCHISTAN PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS CONTENTS Preface • Introduction • British Era and Sandeman System • Since 1947 Since 1947 • Reasons for the conflict • Provincial Autonomy & Ethnic Culture • Resource Exploitation • Deprivation and Lack of Development lag • Government’s Neglect Government s Neglect • Role of Sardars • Religious Extremism • External Factors and Geo Politics • History of the conflicts • The Current Insurgency and Baloch Nationalism The Current Insurgency and Baloch • Insurgency and ‘Geo‐Politics of Energy Resources’ • Insurgent Groups in Balochistan • Settlers issue & current situation in Balochistan • Pakhtun Factor • Liberation and Viability: Is independent Balochistan viable? y p • Possible consequences for independent Balochistan and divided Pakistan • Questions for Baloch Nationalists and Insurgents • Balochistan Package (see appendix B) • Solution: What needs to be done? • C l i Conclusion • References Appendices Appendix A: Blochistan Provinces pp Appendix B: Aghaz‐e‐Huqooq‐e‐Balochistan Package PREFACE Balochistan history since the time of the formation of the country represents an unending narrative of the...
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...POLICY BRIEF SUMMARY SHAPING EUROPE’S AFGHAN SURGE Daniel Korski Unnoticed by many, the last few years have seen something of a European military surge in Afghanistan. Since late 2006, 18 of the 25 EU countries participating in the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF), NATO’s Afghan mission, have increased their troop contributions, and as a result EU member states now account for 43% of ISAF’s total deployment. This military surge has been accompanied by a steady growth in European efforts to contribute to Afghanistan’s reconstruction, from development aid to police training – although not every EU member state is pulling its weight. These measures have made the EU a major stakeholder in Afghanistan. Yet the EU’s real impact on the country has been limited. In the face of a likely request from the Obama administration to do more, European governments should now formulate a hard-headed political strategy as a complement to the coming US military surge. Introduction President Barack Obama and his secretary of state, Hillary Clinton, have made it clear that they expect a significant enhancement of the European effort in Afghanistan. The issue is likely to be viewed in Washington as a litmus test of whether the Europeans can be taken seriously as strategic partners. Obama’s strategy in Afghanistan is likely to include an attempt to “regionalise” the issue, involving some kind of dialogue with Iran and efforts to bring India, the Gulf states and the central Asian...
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...The Organizational Challenge: Independent Contractors September 30, 2009 Table of Contents Introduction……………………………………………………………………. 3 Background……………………………………………………………………. .4 Analysis………………………………………………………………………….6 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………….8 References……………………………………………………………………….9 Introduction “Culture” has become a common way of thinking about and describing an organization’s internal world--a way of differentiating one organization’s “personality” from another (Trevino, P-256)). Employees are brought into the organization’s culture through a process called socialization. Through socialization, employees are taught the ropes. Socialization can take place through formal training or mentoring, or through more informal transmission of norms by peers and managers. When effectively socialized, employees behave in ways that are consistent with cultural expectations. Organizational culture is created and maintained through a multifaceted of formal and informal organizational systems. Formally, organizational structure, selection systems, orientation and training programs, rules and policies, and performance management processes all contribute to culture creation and management. Informally, the culture’s norms of daily behavior keep the culture alive and indicate to both insiders and outsiders whether the formal systems represent fact or façade. Culture defines us and reflects the corporate public image. Ethics is an integral part of that organization’s...
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...| | | | | | |Assignment on: | |CHT CONFLICT AND PEACE PROCESS | | | | | | | |[pic] | | | |DHAKA CITY COLLEGE ...
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...------------------------------------------------- History of the Philippines From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia | This article's introduction may be too long for the overall article length.Please help by moving some material from it into the body of the article. For more information please read the layout guide and Wikipedia's lead section guidelines.(November 2012) | Part of a series on the | Culture of the Philippines | | History | People | Languages | Traditions | Mythology and folklore[show] | Cuisine | Festivals | Religion | Art | Literature | Music and performing arts[show] | Media[show] | Sport[show] | Monuments[show] | Symbols[show] | * the Philippines portal | * v * t * e | Part of a series on the | History of the Philippines | | Prehistory (pre-900) | * Callao and Tabon Men * Arrival of the Negritos * Austronesian expansion * Angono Petroglyphs * Society of the Igorot | Classical Period (900–1521) | * Sinified State of Ma-i * Thallasocracy of the Lequios * Tondo Dynasty * Confederation of Madja-as * Kingdom of Maynila * Kingdom of Namayan * Rajahnate of Butuan * Rajahnate of Cebu * Sultanate of Maguindanao * Sultanate of Sulu * Sultanate of Lanao | Spanish Period (1521–1898) | * Viceroyalty of New Spain * Spanish East Indies * Christianization * Dutch Invasions * British Invasion * Revolts and uprisings * Katipunan * Philippine Revolution...
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...Contemplating Realities and Paradoxes in the Global War on Terror John B. Alexander, Ph.D. Introduction The approach of this monograph is to examine paradoxes encountered in the Global War on Terror (GWOT). The intent is to spark debate on disputatious issues. Clearly, many of the existing situations appear intractable given the emotional investment that has been made by the public, and exacerbated by political manipulation of elected officials. Also unavoidable are the fiscal constraints that are becoming increasingly binding. Examined in Section One are problematic premises related to the four fundamental approaches to countering terrorism; increased security, eliminating the terrorists, attacking the support infrastructure, and altering conditions that breed discontent. Despite trite, albeit politically popular, commentary proposing those methods, execution of those concepts is extremely difficult, often controversial, and sometimes counterproductive. Section Two of this monograph addresses several other policy decisions that generate problems that are difficult to resolve, but directly impact the forces involved. Among those topics are; roles of contractors, individual loyalties versus national interests, alliances of convenience, foreign response to our policy on preemption of weapons of mass destruction (WMDs), the consequences of our stated objective of spreading democracy, the impact of U.S. presence in the Gulf region, and quandary associated with defining...
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...Brown 1 Israel and the United States The relationship of Israel and the United States is very important throughout the entire world of international politics. The country of Israel has a very unique and controversial history, which helps put an emphasis on their relationship to the world and the United States in particular. The relationship with Israel designates the foreign policy of the United States in regards to the rest of the Middle East. This thereby impacts foreign policy throughout the world. “The centerpiece of U.S. Middle East policy has been its relationship with Israel. The combination of unwavering U.S. support for Israel and the related effort to spread democracy throughout the region has inflamed Arab and Islamic opinion and jeopardized U.S. security.” (Mearsheimer and Walt, 1) The United States did not take an overly "sympathetic" position on the Zionist movement until the second decade of the 1900s. One main reason for their new support was the establishment in 1914 of the Provisional Executive Committee for General Zionist Affairs. On September 21, 1922, the United States Congress passed the Lodge-Fish resolution, which lent the support of the United States for Zionists to establish a homeland in Palestine. In May of 1942 at the Biltimore Conference, the Zionists made the declaration that Palestine needed to be recognized as a "Jewish Commonwealth." (Oren, 442) The end of the Second World War brought about two changes in the Middle East. The first of these...
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...Citation: 50 Va. J. Int'l L. 553 2009-2010 Content downloaded/printed from HeinOnline (http://heinonline.org) Wed Nov 6 03:36:58 2013 -- Your use of this HeinOnline PDF indicates your acceptance of HeinOnline's Terms and Conditions of the license agreement available at http://heinonline.org/HOL/License -- The search text of this PDF is generated from uncorrected OCR text. -- To obtain permission to use this article beyond the scope of your HeinOnline license, please use: https://www.copyright.com/ccc/basicSearch.do? &operation=go&searchType=0 &lastSearch=simple&all=on&titleOrStdNo=0042-6571 50TH ANNIVERSARY COMMEMORATIVE ESSAY Somalia: State Failure, Piracy, and the Challenge to International Law MARIO SILVA* Introduction .......................................................................................... I. T he Failed State ......................................................................... A . In General ........................................................................ B. Case Study: Somalia ........................................................ 1. Political Instability in Somalia ............................. 2. Economic Instability in Somalia .......................... 3. Humanitarian Challenges and Societal Instability in Somalia ............................................ II. P iracy ......................................................................................... A . In General ..................................................
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...Revolution to Civil War By Maya Bhardwaj Abstract: social movements and regime change across the Middle East and North Africa. While interconnected, uprisings in each nation took different forms and reached out distinctions and interactions between uprisings, revolution, and civil war. standing scholarly debate. The presence or absence of civil war is examined in examinations of civil war: the nature of the governmental regime, territoriality complete understanding of what constitutes civil war and provides a framework 76 Introduction the Middle East, authoritarian regimes thought invulnerable to protest and impossible to oust began to cede to massive protest. Attacks on governmental institutions and elite leaders ensconced from public opinion developed divergently in each nation, employing tailored strategies to mobilize the public and reap key support. This paper focuses on the nature and development of these Arab Spring further use these distinctions to illuminate the conceptual, instrumental, and semantic nature of civil war in general. - exacerbated the grievances felt by rebel forces and smoothed over ethnic, religious, and tribal ten- trastingly, in Syria, instances of mild reform under Bashar al-Assad, popular concerns for security, kept civil war at bay. Conceptual Isolation of Civil War presence or absence of civil war. However, the scholarly distinction between civil war and other insurgency and counter-insurgency, uprisings, genocide or genocidal...
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...PERSONALITY FACTOR IN THE CONDUCT OF NIGERIA’S DIPLOMACY: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE OLUSEGUN OBASANJO AND MUSA YAR’ADUA ADMINISTRATIONS, 1999-2000 Proposal submitted by Oluwatoyin Alabi to DR. David Aworawo, of the Post Graduate School, University of Lagos. In partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the award of the Degree: Masters of International Relations and Strategic Studies. (MISS) AUGUST 2012 PROPOSAL This work, adopting a multidisciplinary approach, seeks to analyse aspects of Nigeria’s diplomacy, specifically the effect of the leader’s personality on the conduct of Nigeria’s external relations. To effectively do this, the work shall comparatively assess Nigeria’s diplomacy under Presidents Obasanjo and Yar'Adua from 1999-2010. Seeking to see the effect their personality type had on the manner, trends and approach to Nigeria’s diplomacy during the period. On record President Obasanjo undertook a shuttle diplomatic effort across the globe especially between 1999 and 2002, this is said to have reintegrated Nigeria into the comity of Nations, where she was previously a pariah. How did his personality affect these efforts? Was his personality added value or reduced value? At the point of his death President Yar’Adua was ECOWAS chairman, previously in 2009 he attended the G20 meeting in Germany, visited President George Bush at the start of his term and other diplomatic engagements. How did his personality affect all these? On the whole how did the respective...
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...Feminism Tested in Ameen Merchant’s ‘The Silent Raga’ Project outline submitted to the Mahatma Gandhi University in partial recognition of the requirements for the award of the Degree of Bachelor of Arts in English Language and Literature. Sruthi Murali Reg No: 130021007268 Supervising Teacher Ms. Mary Sapna Peter Miranda Assistant Professor Department of English St. Albert’s College Ernakulam March 2016 Introduction The Silent Raga is an eminently readable book by a first time author. This is Ameen Merchant's first published novel and he has certainly presented a rich repertoire of emotions strung to a melodious tune. He uses fine strokes and bright colors, commonly associated with miniature painting, in his portrayal of life within the constricted confines of a small community. The Silent Raga, inspired by a Tamil novel, is an exquisite blend of tradition and transition, exile and reconciliation, silence and eloquence, society and self, crisis and consciousness, where various stages of a raga’s performance in recital breathe life into the mellifluous flourish of evocative prose. Ameen Merchant was born in Bombay in 1964 and raised in Madras. The Silent Raga (Douglas & McIntyre, 2007/HarperCollins India, 2008) is his first novel. In prose that moves from the sensuous to the sublime, and that recalls the rhythms and progression of the raga, Merchant the storyteller weaves a moving tapestry about the ties that bind us and the sacrifices we must make on the way to realizing...
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