...The Journal of School Nursing http://jsn.sagepub.com/ Literature Reviews as a Research Strategy Julia Muennich Cowell The Journal of School Nursing 2012 28: 326 DOI: 10.1177/1059840512458666 The online version of this article can be found at: http://jsn.sagepub.com/content/28/5/326 Published by: http://www.sagepublications.com On behalf of: National Association of School Nurses Additional services and information for The Journal of School Nursing can be found at: Email Alerts: http://jsn.sagepub.com/cgi/alerts Subscriptions: http://jsn.sagepub.com/subscriptions Reprints: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsReprints.nav Permissions: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav >> Version of Record - Sep 25, 2012 What is This? Downloaded from jsn.sagepub.com by guest on August 26, 2013 Editorial The Journal of School Nursing 28(5) 326-327 ª The Author(s) 2012 Reprints and permission: sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav DOI: 10.1177/1059840512458666 http://jsn.sagepub.com Literature Reviews as a Research Strategy Literature reviews have long been important strategies to assess the state of the science. As early as 1993, Broome (1993) recommended literature reviews as a strategy to assist in the development of concepts. Many graduate students in nursing and other sciences learn about synthesizing literature throughout their academic programs using a variety of guides including Cooper’s (1998) Synthesizing Research: A Guide for Literature Reviews as a common...
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...Nursing Philosophy and Comparison Paper A Comparison of Personal Philosophy and Sr. Callista Roy’s Adaptation Model September 14, 2011 Nursing Philosophy and Comparison Paper A Comparison of Personal Philosophy and Sr. Callista Roy’s Adaptation Model A personal philosophy is what one values for themselves as human beings. It reflects the many faceted realities of their self-concept and is influenced by: culture, spirituality, morals, values, and belief concepts. The relevance of one’s personal philosophy to nursing is significant. One’s philosophy directly affects the interpersonal relationship and care given to patients. For the purpose of this paper, the author will reflect and incorporate her nursing philosophy with the four nursing metaparadigms: person, environment, health and nursing, with the Roy Adaptation Model (RAM) and compare similarities’ and differences. Personal Philosophy The author’s personal philosophy is seeded in spirituality and seeing the world as interconnected with a divine source where all things are possible. She attempts to integrate the core concepts of her philosophy: intuition, altruism, holism, empathy, knowledge, compassion and advocacy into the nursing process. The author will define and demonstrate her nursing philosophy as applied to the metaparadigms. The person is viewed as a unique individual and energetic being (spirit) within a physical and integrated body system connected to a higher supreme source; environment:...
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...A nursing theory is a structured framework of concepts and purposes intended to guide the nursing practice. Nursing theories are important in nursing practice as they allow the nurses to use their critical thinking and analytical skills to improve concept comprehension. The use of nursing theories in the practice can bring new knowledge and can influence the future nursing practice. Nursing theories developed to describe the nursing care, guide the nursing practice and provide a foundation for clinical decision making. The foundation of the nursing theory was placed by Florence Nightingale. The first nursing theory established in the late 1800s when there was a strong emphasis on the nursing education took place. There are several nursing...
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...INTERNAL CRITICISM Adequacy: The Flood’s Theory of Successful Aging (Flood, 2005) was developed to addresses a nursing theory for care of the older adult regarding to the lack of nursing theory that offers clearly delineated guidelines for care of aging. Flood’s(2002) unique definition of successful aging among other explanations includes mental, physical, and spiritual elements of the aging person and emphasizing the individual's self appraisal. She used existing knowledge derived deductively from the Roy adaptation model, one of the most widely accepted nursing theory model, and integrated these ideas with Tornstam's sociological theory of gerotranscendence and literature related to the concept of successful aging to comprise the foundation of the theory (Flood, 2005). The author adequately explains the specific nursing actions that constitute these attributes. Clarity: The attributes of the theory and the model (Flood, 2005) clearly defines the major concepts relevant to successful aging. Flood provides examples of person with cancer that would exemplify the attribute although the physical health is not stated in the assumptions. In addition, there are no ambiguous statements, nor abstract or complex language employed. Nurses can readily understand the language used in the theory. Moreover, guidelines for interventions to help not only for nurses but caregivers to care for elders are provided for a completely understanding. Consistency: Flood’s views of aging and definitions...
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...Florence Nightingale’s Nursing Theory Olivia Briscoe The University of Alabama Capstone College of Nursing NUR 308: Conceptual Foundations of Nursing Fall, 2014 Florence Nightingale’s Nursing Theory Nursing theory serves to distinguish the nursing profession from other professions by delineating shared assumptions; values; and defining the nature, outcome, and purpose of nursing practice (Rutty, 1998). Nursing theory is a concept that provides a description, explanation, prediction, or prescription for various aspects of nursing care. (Meleis, 2011, as cited in Perry, 2013). Nursing theory is integrated and applied to real life situations as opposed to merely remaining a theory. Perry (2013) explains that miscellaneous information is not collected for arbitrary reasons, but instead to incorporate into saving lives and improving the patient’s treatment plan. The purpose of this paper is to identify Florence Nightingale’s specific contributions to nursing theory, to evaluate the current significance of this theory, and to examine how this theory applies to professional nursing. Dossey (2010a) identifies Nightingale as the first to develop a widely known nursing theory and as the founder of contemporary nursing. Her accomplishments are numerous, including creating at least 1000 training schools located in 20 different countries and having them named in her honor (Dossey, 2010a). Perry (2013) identifies Nightingale’s main goal of nursing to be the manipulation of...
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...ASN Program Description Mission and Goals Our Mission Trinity College of Nursing and Health Sciences provides a quality higher learning environment preparing competent practitioners for health-care professions. Continuous quality improvement guides the educational process as students prepare to deliver culturally congruent health care, perform as responsible citizens within the global community and seek avenues for life-long learning. Our Goals Program goals for each department in the College derive from the philosophy of the College and the domain competencies, as follows: Knowledge • ability to examine and explain phenomena • ability to construct and organize knowledge • ability to integrate and synthesize knowledge • ability to apply quantitative and qualitative concepts Proficiency • ability to solve practical problems • ability to collaborate with multiple disciplines • ability to communicate effectively • ability to practice competently and skillfully in a changing health-care environment Culture Care Values • ability to preserve/maintain cultural identities • ability to accommodate/negotiate diverse life ways • ability to re-pattern/restructure health-care delivery methods • ability to apply ethical and legal principles to health care The Associate of Science in Nursing Program (ASN) is a two-year program of study combining didactic and clinical nursing courses as well as general education courses. The Program...
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...times. Jean Watson formed the “caring theory” to convey the significance and emphasize nursing as a diverse health profession. Using the Jean Watson’s caring theory enables nurses to maintain their perspective on caring for patients when overwhelmed with increased acuity, responsibility and workload. With the increase of patients and their needs, nurses often replace the caring attitude with an attitude of arrogance and hurried tasks, leaving patients and family members with belief that nurses believe they are here just to perform a job. By applying the Watson caring theory in caring for patients, “it allows nurses to practice the art of caring, to provide compassion to ease patients’ and families’ suffering, and to promote their healing and dignity but it can also contribute to expand the nurse’s own actualization” (Cara, 2003, p 2). Watson believes it is crucial that nurses apply caring values to their practice because it is essentially a byproduct in discovering the meaning of the nursing profession (Theory of Human Caring, n.d.). The foundation of this paper is to expound on the caring theory Jean Watson designed “to bring meaning and focus to nursing as a distinct health profession” (Cara, 2003, p 2). Description of the Theorist In the 1940’s, Jean Watson was born in West Virginia in a small town in the Appalachian Mountains. In 1961, graduated from the Lewis Gale School of Nursing, furthering her career at the University of Colorado in Boulder in 1964, received a bachelor’s...
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...Historical Development of Nursing Timeline Nursing has evolved greatly as a profession. Nursing has become an independent practice with its own theory practice, models and distinct interventions (George, 2011). Through the years, nursing leaders have developed many nursing theories that guide our practice today. Their research and contributions to the nursing profession has shaped our present-day practices. This paper will delineate the historic development of nursing science, focusing on the most widely known and used theories. This paper will also canvass the influences of these concepts in the development of the nursing profession, and multidisciplinary influences. Development of Nursing Science Florence Nightingale (1859) Florence Nightingale is considered the mother of nursing. In 1859, Nightingale published her book Notes on Nursing that has “directed nursing practice for over 150 years” (George, 2011, p. 9). She believed that the force for healing resides within the human being and that if the environment is appropriately supportive, humans will seek to heal themselves” (George, 2011, p. 25). Her environmental theory is a valuable concept, which is the basis of nursing practice today. It is applied in all the fields of nursing. 1950s Theories Hildegard Peplau (1952). Hildegard Peplau introduced her interpersonal theory. Her theory focused on the relationship of the nurse and the patient. She believed that there is growth for each individual- the nurse and the...
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...Nursing Theorist Grid Use grid below to complete the Week 4-Nursing Theorists assignment. Please see the “Nursing Theorists’ Grading Criteria” document, located on the Materials page of the student Web site. Name: Steve Early Theorist Selected: Sr. Callista Roy Description of Theory: Sister Callista Roy believed that “Humans are bio-psycho-social beings existing within an environment. Needs are created within interrelated adaptive modes: physiological, self-concept, role function, and interdependence” (Taylor 74). Sr. Roy believed that the patient’s modes of adaption were partly innate and partly acquired behaviors; if the behaviors are appropriately applied there is an increase in health restoration. According to "Nursing Theory" (2011), The nursing theory was named “The Adaptation Model,” and includes a “six step nursing process: 1) The first level of assessment, which addresses the patient's behavior, 2)The second level of assessment, which addresses the patient's stimuli, 3)Diagnosis of the patient, 4)Setting goals for the patient's health, 5)Intervention to take actions in order to meet those goals, and 6)Evaluation of the result to determine if goals were met.” Theory’s Historical background: Sister Callista Roy is considered a living legend as she has been awarded various acknowledgements for her contributions to nursing. Sr. Roy developed the Adaptation Model in 1976, and for the past 36 years, she has been researching...
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...Importance of Theory Paper THE ROY ADAPTATAION MODEL Kandace Wood Chamberlain College of Nursing Course Number: N501 March 2015 Introduction: Theories and models despite not being synonymous are used interchangeably in nursing. In general a theory is considered to be a speculative statement that is concerned with some elements of reality that are not yet proven. There are a number of theories in the field of nursing also which are used to support practice and decision making. In this regard, Viki Burges writes, “The application of individual nursing practice is based on a combination of scientific, medical, philosophical, psychological, sociological, and nursing theories. There is no one theory that fits every situation, area of practice or practitioner” (Burges, 2009). There are a number of grand theories in nursing of which one is the Roy adaptation model. This model was developed by Sister Callista Roy as a framework for theory, practice, and research in nursing. An important fundamental assumption in the Roy Adaptation model is that the person is a bio-psycho-social being who is in constant interaction with a changing environment. Despite being considered a complex model, it has been used widely and several research studies have highlighted its importance and effectiveness in health care settings. Basic Assumptions of the Roy Adaptation Model: The basic assumptions of the Roy Adaptation model have been discussed...
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...Theoretical Framework of Dorothea Orem’s Nursing Theory, BSN 2. ……….BSN NUR/513 Theoretical Framework of Dorothea Orem’s Nursing Theory The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of Orem’s theoretical framework and analyze the critical components of the conceptual nursing model. Orem’s Self Care Deficit Theory is widely used in models of nursing. Orem chaired the Nursing Development Conference Group which examined nursing problems and research. Orem’s interest in curriculum development arise ++her interest in formulating a conceptualization of nursing. Theoretical Framework Orem presented her conceptual framework consisting of four concepts about persons and two about nursing and theories derived from this model – the self care deficit theory. The theory of self care, and the theory of nursing system. Concepts in the model are self care, self care agency, self care demand, self care deficit nursing agency, and nursing system (Fitzpatrick & Hall, 2005). Orem sees nursing as a science, technology, art, and a helping service given to a person with a legitimate need for it by nurses who have specialized knowledge and skills. Nurses help clients meet existing or anticipated demands for self care in order to sustain life and health, recover from disease or injury and cope with their effects (Fawcett, 2005). When speaking of nursing, Orem uses the terms nursing and nursing agency. Orem described the human being as an integrated whole composed of an internal physical...
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...The profession of nursing has established its glory in human history through overcoming various challenges in last two centuries. Started as a small group of people with compassion and courage to care for sick during the dark ages of 19th century, nursing has come to a point where it is renowned as a profession having strong body of knowledge that integrated in day to day practice. During the process of natural evolution, nurses had to go through a series of transformations from mere ‘nursing job’ to distinguished profession where the members not only involve in medical care of the patient ,but also in helping the patient as a person and member of a family and society to steer through difficult times. As mentioned in American Association of College of Nursing (AACN) facts sheet : Creating a more quality nursing workforce (AACN, 2012) this elegant approach is implemented nationwide through the hands of more than three million registered nurses. Professional preparedness of nurses who are working today mainly falls in to two categories; Associate degree (AD) and Baccalaureate degree(BS) prepared. Associate degree programs were the answer for nursing shortage that our country experienced in last century especially in the post second world war era. Associate degree programs are usually two years in duration. They prepare nurses to function at bedside based on the core concept of patient safety. These nurses were extremely successful in caring for patients in a setting were physicians...
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...Importance of Nursing Theory We can define nursing theory as a group of concepts that describe and present current knowledge in nursing. Nursing theory looks to provide an overall vision and understanding of the profession of nursing. It helps to organize knowledge obtained and advances the way a discipline is practiced (Shea & Cavan, 2014). Before this course I had little exposure to nursing theory and its application in the clinical realm. I knew things were done a certain way but truly did not know the origin of the ideas that influenced current nursing care. During the completion of my BSN degree, I grasped a basic concept of nursing theory and studied the major theorist involved. It has been very enlightening to view nursing theory in another dimension and study the clinical implication of its integration in practice during this course. In the following analysis I will seek to establish the importance of nursing theory and its application. I will discuss Virginia Henderson’s theory of need nursing and the application of its key concepts into practice. I will also establish important aspects of her theory and how they apply to the nursing metaparadigm. The analysis will also address the relationship between Henderson’s views and nursing informatics. Overall the influence of theory and its application in nursing will be thoroughly discussed. The Value of Nursing Theory Throughout time, the nursing profession has been influenced by nursing theory. Nursing theory has contributed...
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...Baccalaureate nursing practice incorporates the roles of assessing, critical thinking, communicating, providing care, teaching, and leading. The caring professional approach includes the values of autonomy, altruism, human dignity, integrity, and social justice with unconditional regard for all people. Nursing practice includes health promotion, disease prevention, early detection of health deviations, prompt and adequate treatment of the human response to acute and chronic illness, and compassionate care for those experiencing death. Master’s nursing practice expands upon baccalaureate nursing concepts to include clinical practice knowledge, coaching/mentoring/teaching, consulting/collaborating, advanced leadership, and nursing education with a focus on research and quality assurance, critical thinking, spirituality, diversity, caring, and life-long learning. The advanced professional nursing role relies on best practices and evidence-based research with a focus on evaluation of health, outcomes, and processes. Nursing education is theory driven. Theories are derived from the humanities, sciences, and Biblical concepts. Nursing knowledge, theory, research, and health promotion are influenced by spiritual perspectives, and ethical, legal, political, historical, and social influences. The faculty values excellence in teaching with an individual focus on the learner. Teaching includes a variety of methods, learning modalities, and practice situations. Faculty provide opportunities...
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...Critical thinking is a vital skill in the field of nursing. “The acquisition of critical thinking skills enables bedside application of nursing theory, education, experience, and evidence-based practice” (Orique & McCarthy, 2015, p. 455). However, it can be rather challenging for professors to teach critical thinking. Orique and McCarthy (2015) explore the use of nontraditional instructional tools, such as concept mapping and problem based learning, to determine how critical thinking can be taught most effectively to nursing students. Orique and McCarthy (2015) describe concept maps as visual tools that aid students in organizing and connecting patient information, and problem based learning as collaboration in small groups to seek patient care solutions. “The study was conducted in fall 2013 at a university located in the western United States” (Orique & McCarthy,...
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