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Intellectual Education

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公司生产安全培训教案
众所周知,企业规章制度中有关安全生产的条文,是用鲜血和生命换来的教训,它反映了生产过程中的客观规律,谁也不能随心所欲地违反,否则,就要受到客观规律的惩罚。然而在实际生产现场,员工的违章现象,却屡禁不止。大量事实证明,违章不但制约了企业的生产,而且还危害员工的生命安全。事故统计表明, 70%的事故是由于违章指挥或违章作业造成的,因此,杜绝违章现象是企业预防事故发生的重要手段。
一、企业员工违章操作行为的主要表现
(一)主观心理因素
自我表现好胜心态。个别员工认为自己技术比较高,
1、 自我表现好胜心态。个别员工认为自己技术比较高,喜欢在别人面前露一手” 表现一下自己的能力,爱虚荣,这样的人往往会发生违章操作。
2、 麻痹侥幸心理。有这种毛病的人往往不接受“不怕一万,就怕万一” 麻痹侥幸心理。有这种毛病的人往往不接受“不怕一万,就怕万一” 的经验教训。是重复事故的思想根源所在。在这种心理状态下,个别员工认为偶尔违章不会产生什么后果,或着认为别人也这样做而没有出事,因此,无视有关的操作规程,麻痹大意、无视警告,不按操作规程办事。
3、马虎敷衍,固执。有的员工工作漫不经心,我行我素,将岗位安全责任 马虎敷衍, 固执。 有的员工工作不经心, 我行我素, 岗位操作规程扔在脑后,把领导的忠告和同事的提醒当作 “耳旁风”,一意孤行。 懒惰蛮干,贪图方便。有的员工工作时不愿多出力,耍小聪明,
4、懒惰蛮干,贪图方便。有的员工工作时不愿多出力,耍小聪明,总想 走捷径,操作时投机取巧,图一时方便,结果造成违章操作。 走捷径,操作时投机取巧,图一时方便,结果造成违章操作。
5、玩世不恭,逆反心理。由于社会、家庭等方面的压力,以及管理方法、 玩世不恭, 逆反心理。
由于社会、 家庭等方面的压力,以及管理方法、 教育方法欠妥或操作环境不良,使少数员工产生逆反心理, 教育方法欠妥或操作环境不良,使少数员工产生逆反心理,领导在时 我注意,领导不在时我随意,甚至产生对抗行为。
(2)客观因素影响
安全意识差。有不少员工认为安全工作是安全员的事,与自己无关,
1、安全意识差。有不少员工认为安全工作是安全员的事,与自己无关,漠视安全。这种人安全意识淡薄,自我保护意识差,而且不愿参与各种安全活动。
2、安全责任心不强,工作不负责任。有些员工接受过安全教育和培训,对自己的工作对象、设备、性能、状况及操作规程都比较熟悉,但在实际工作中,却缺乏对企业财产、对他人生命负责的态度,往往明知故犯, 工作中,却缺乏对企业财产、对他人生命负责的态度,往往明知故犯, 违章操作。
3、缺乏安全教育意识。多年来,企业一直把抓好员工的安全教育作为基础工作来抓,入厂“三级”安全教育、特种作业人员培训等。总的来说活动开展了,但实际收效并不理想。
4、安全监督不够。对一些习惯性违章现象熟视无睹,有一些安全员遇事总 安全监督不够。对一些习惯性违章现象熟视无睹, 觉得与违章者比较熟,不好意思管, 觉得与违章者比较熟,不好意思管,对一些严重违章现象存在漏查或查处力度不够的情况。特别是在生产任务重、时间紧的情况下,一味强调按时完成任务,从而使部分员工滋生了忽视安全的习惯和心态。
事故发生的主要原因
发生事故,其原因多方面的,除自然灾害外, 发生事故,其原因多方面的,除自然灾害外,主要有以下几方面原因; 面原因;
1、设计上的不足;如厂址选择不好,平面布置不合理,安全距设计上的不足;如厂址选择不好,平面布置不合理, 离不附合要求,生产工艺不成熟, 离不附合要求,生产工艺不成熟,从而给生产带来难以克服的先天性的隐患。 的先天性的隐患。
2、设备上的缺陷;如设备上考虑不周,材质选择不当,制造安设备上的缺陷;如设备上考虑不周,材质选择不当, 装质量低劣,缺乏维护及更新等。 装质量低劣,缺乏维护及更新等。
3、操作上的错误;如违反操作规程,操作错误,不遵守安全规章制度等。 管理上的漏洞;如规章制度不健全,人事管理上的不足,
4、管理上的漏洞;如规章制度不健全,人事管理上的不足,工人缺乏培训教育,作业环境不良,领导指挥不当等。 人缺乏培训教育,作业环境不良,领导指挥不当等。 不遵守劳动纪律;对工作不负责任,缺乏主人翁责任感等。
5、不遵守劳动纪律;对工作不负责任,缺乏主人翁责任感等。
一、公司安全专管员岗位责任 1、协助公司总经理贯彻上级有关现场安全生产的指示和 规定,并检查监督整改执行情况和推进提升。 2、检查本企业有关安全技术规程的执行情况。 3、建立和健全公司现场、安全工作原始记录和台帐资料, 检查各分厂的相关记录。 4、每天深入生产现场,及时发现隐患并及时处理,制止 违章作业,对紧急情况和不听劝阻者,有权停止其工 作,并立即报请领导处理。 5、搞好本企业员工的安全教育和安全生产技术考核工作, 指导(三级员工教育档案)新入厂员工的“三级”安 全教育,检查分厂、班组、岗位安全教育的执行情况。6、负责本企业所有安全设施、防护器材、灭火器材的监 督管理、审查工作。(消防器材管理台帐) 7、对于本企业内所有违规现象和违规作业所涉及的人员 和部门有权直接进行考核。(责权一致性) 8、事故调查处理严格执行“四不放过” 即事故原因没 有查 清不放过,事故责任者没有严肃处理不放过,广大职 工没有受到教育不放过,防范措施没有落实不放过的 原则,提出整改措施并监督实施(必须向部门提出整 改措施意见,并做好记录,否则发生事故,将由个人 承担管理责任和渎职责任。)同时做好事故分析和 上报工作。(事故表格:2份)
二、安全生产管理条例 1、“五同时”原则 :即安全工作与生产工作同 时计划、同 时布置、同时检查、同时总结、同时评比。 (各公司 安全专管员在每周例会上要根据自己工作中 遇到的问 题和个人的看法,提出意见。) 2、凡不符合安全生产要求,有严重危险的厂房、 设备和 设施,有权向上级报告。遇有严重危及生命 安全的情 况,有权停止操作并及时报告领导处理。
4、正确使用各种劳动保护用品;不准带小孩进入厂区;
不准穿拖鞋(包括前后露空的凉鞋)、赤脚、赤膊、 敞衣、穿裙和戴头巾、围巾等在生产场所进行作业; 班前禁止饮酒;严禁戴手套操作各种旋转类机床,冲 压机械严禁手入老虎口。

5、未经批准,严禁擅自操作其他岗位(或工种)设备。 。
6、下班前必须关机并切断电源、气源、熄灭火种、清理场所,搞好安全文明生产,保持岗位整齐、清洁和安全通道畅通。(在所进行的夜查工作中,将随机查。 看各类设备断电情况。各部门自己也开始进行一次有关“工完电断”的专项治理)
7、严格执行危险作业审批制度(特殊作业审批表),未经批准,不准作业。高处作业(2米或2米以以上登高架设、拆除、维修、清洗)必须系好安全带,戴好安全帽,不准穿硬底鞋,严禁在高处抛掷工具、材料等 物体。
8、检查修理机械、电气设施时,必须切断电源, 并挂“停电警示牌” ,警示牌严格执行“谁挂谁 摘”的原则。

9、配电室、压缩机房、锅炉房、乙炔气站、油库、化工 危险品库房等要害部位列为安全检查重点,无关人员 未经批准,严禁入内。 10、厂区内严禁吸烟。 11、各类机动车辆进入厂区后必须严格限速,厂区主道 路行驶最高时速不得超过10km/h,进入厂门、车间门、 库房门和厂房内时速不得超过5km/h;车辆必须在指 定区域停放。 12、隐患整改,必须按“三定”原则:定人员、定措施、 定期限。(反映在工作联系单,整改通知单,工作本)

三、安全检查形式和内容 检查形式定期检查、不定期检查、专项检查 、日常检查。 1)定期检查 1、定期(季节性如春季、夏季 、冬季)安全检查和重大 节假日(如元旦、春节、 “五一”、“十一”)前安 全检 查。重大节假日及重要活动前安全检查以防火、防爆、 防盗为主要内容。 2、公司每月至少进行一次全面安全检查,由公司主管、 安全领导主持,公司现场安全专员组织,各区负责 人、专业技术人员参加。检查内容包括: 所辖区域设备安全运行状况、本公司职工执行安全规 章制度情况、安全活动开展情况、事故隐患整改情况、 现场文明卫生情况等。
2)专项检查 根据领导和现场安全部提出的意见,对各 类专项情况进行检查,并可根据自身公司的生产和现场 特点,进行本公司特色的专项检查。 3)日常检查 1、所有岗位都要对所辖区域、设备及人员等安全状况进 行日常安全检查 。 2、安全检查过程中,如发现有危及人员安全及健康的违 章作业和现象,都有权立即停止其作业或通知相关部 门采取临时有效的安全防护措施,直至整改结束。

三、安全检查记录及整改 1、现场安全检查的内容及情况都必须认真进行记录,记 录内容由现场安全员保存,日常安全检查认真做好工 作台帐。 2
、对查出的事故隐患,应及时处理或上报,特别 是重大事故隐患,应立即报告总经理和现场安全 部。 3、对于各类安全和现场检查须做到边检查、边整改。各 类检查中发现的隐患,应及时下达“隐患整改通知单”, 提出整改指导意见并限期整改。隐患整改必须做到 “三定”,并在整改完成后接受安全部门的复检,对于 拒绝整改、整改不力或推诿扯皮的部门,现场安 全部将给予通报或处罚意见。
四、操作现场重点违章查处内容 1)违反劳动纪律 1、在工作场所、工作时间聊天、打闹。 2、在工作时间脱岗、睡岗、串岗。 3、在工作时间看书、看报或做与本职工作无关的事。 4、酒后进入工作岗位。 5、未经许可,把自己的工作交给他人。 6、开动他人的机器设备或车辆。 7、将小孩带进生产场所。 2)不按规定穿戴劳动防护用品、用具 1、留有超过颈根以下长发、披发或发辫,而不戴工作帽或 戴帽不将头发置于帽内进入生产区域的。 2、高处作业不戴安全帽和栓安全带或在有高处作业下面工 作而不戴安全帽的。 3、戴手套操作旋转机床。
4、操作旋转机床设备或进行检修试车时,不将衣襟扎入 腰带内或散开衣襟操作的。 5、喷漆车间喷漆不按规定戴口罩的。 3)违反安全生产管理制度 1、危险区作业不按规定进行危险及特殊作业申请,对即将作 业场地不进行检查的或虽经申请但未认真落实的。 2、设备有故障或安全防护装置缺乏,凑合使用。 3、两人以上作业无统一指挥。 4、发现隐患不排除报告,冒险操作。 5、新进工人、变换工种人员未经安全教育就上岗。 6、特种作业人员无证操作。 7、无关人员在变配电站、发电机房、氧气站、乙炔站、空压 站、锅炉房、油库、油漆库、易燃品(木箱)仓库吸烟。 8、在封闭厂房作业和深夜班、加班作业时,一人操作,无监 护。 9、施工道路面没有设安全标志或警示灯。
10、修理机械、电器或进入机器内工作,无人监护,不挂警 示牌。 11、随意动用或损坏消防器材、灭火工具。 12、下班时未断开电源、气(汽)源,熄灭火种。 13、将自行车或私人用机动摩托车等停放在工作区域或者工 作车间。 4)违反安全技术操作规程 1、跨越运转设备。 2、设备运转时传递物件或触及运转部位。 3、用手拉、嘴吹、压缩空气吹工作遗留废铁屑。 4、在旋转工件或可能爆裂飞出物件、碎屑部位的正前方进 行操作。 5、调整、检查、检修、清扫设备时未切断电源
6、工作过程突然停电时,未及时关闭电源。 7、攀登吊运中的物件,以及在吊物、吊臂下通过或停留。 8、人从行驶中的机动车辆爬上、跳下、抛掷物品
。 9、随意开动被查封、报废设备且不经过功能及安全检定。 10、任意拆除设备上的安全照明、信号、防火、防爆装置和 警示标志、显示仪表和其它安全防护保险装置。 11、高处作业地面任意扔物件。 12、运货电梯载人。 13、冲压作业手伸进冲压模等危险区域。 14、开动情况不明的电源或动力源开关、闸、阀。
人身事故的“四防” 五、人身事故的“四防” 目标 防止高空摔跌、砸、碰伤事故 防止高空摔跌、 防止触电事故 防止烫伤、窒息事故 防止烫伤、 防止机械伤害事故。
各级领导管安全,安全生产记心间, 各级领导管安全,安全生产记心间, 安全第一人为本,当好第一安全员。 安全第一人为本,当好第一安全员。 违章作业要真管,执行制度须从严。 违章作业要真管,执行制度须从严。 安全意识都提高,人人工作保安全。 安全意识都提高,人人工作保安全。

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