...product of a long and fruitful interdisciplinary collaboration between law and economics. Our chapter addresses an important aspect of that collaboration: the use courts can and should make of two bodies of knowledge in empirical industrial organization economics, as that academic discipline has evolved over the last few decades. Our examples focus on the US experience, which we know best. But we are confident that the broad considerations we discuss apply to any competition policy regime. The first body of economic knowledge we discuss involves methods of distinguishing among alternative explanations for market outcomes or firm conduct. This is termed the problem of ‘‘identification’’ in empirical economics.We show how courts can apply what economists have learned about identification to the problems of defining markets and determining whether market power has been exercised. We show that the same analytic issues arise regardless of whether the evidence on these concepts is quantitative or qualitative. The second relevant body of economic knowledge derives from the empirical economics research literature, taken as a whole. That literature demonstrates that di¤erences among industries are important, making the industry the appropriate unit of analysis for addressing economic issues related to competition policy. A similar conclusion was reached long ago in antitrust law, when market definition became central to reasonableness analysis. But, as we explain, the research...
Words: 326 - Pages: 2
...Interprofessional Team Development: A Patient and Family Centered Care Western Governor’s University: C158 May 11th, 2016 Interprofessional Team Development: A Patient and Family Centered Care Approach Approach to patient care has changed over the last three decades from patient treatment-focused model to include comforting, engaging, and empowering patients. The new approach implements patient-centered care environments. It has been adopted by care providers, research bodies, funding agencies, and regulatory agencies, among others. To enhance patient-centered care, business practices, regulatory requirements, and reimbursement regulatory procedures have been adopted. This is evident by the regulations of Joint Commission and the provision of services by Medicare Medicaid services (CMS). In this paper, the impact of business practices, regulatory requirements, and reimbursement procedures on patient-centered care is discussed. A multidisciplinary approach on a process improvement enhancing Patient and Family Centered Focus Care is outlined in a hospital located in Arizona. Regulatory Requirements and Healthcare Business In 1996 the Institute of Medicine took on healthcare improvement to resolve unsafe care by ambitiously moving toward quality initiatives. The release of “To Err Is Human: Building a Safer Health System19 (1999) and Crossing the Quality Chasm (2001)” focused on the fails of the healthcare systems pointing out that over 98,000 patients die in hospitals...
Words: 3231 - Pages: 13
...under the guidance of the Air Force, however, the sentiment of senior leaders in the military, government, and intellectuals participating felt that continuing under the umbrella of one of the branches of the military might stagnate the benefit of having a group of “free thinkers” from achieving great results. RAND was given independence to conduct research and this freedom of thought was “guarded” within this group of researchers. RAND attracted creative talent and individuals who were free thinkers who found comfort in not being held to a deadline or driven towards an A or B outcome choice. RAND fostered strategic thinking based on all of the intellectuals from various disciplines like economics, mathematics, research analysis, were placed in an environment with colleagues from the most influential intellectual institutions of the day as well as the federal sector, military and civilians branches of government. RAND received a grant from Henry Ford II ($1,000,000) which allowed the organization to become a non-profit organization with no direct oversight and agenda handed to the early key minds. These intellectuals could collaborate across fields and often bought in leading intellectuals that could contribute to the cause of connecting military scientist and industry, with several players coming from academia prior to the war, to figure out how science, social sciences, math,...
Words: 776 - Pages: 4
...NURS 2010 Project Janice Klein Westerns Governors University Nursing is a profession that has been influenced by nursing pioneers, scholars, government agencies and nursing organizations. Nurses need to develop a professional mission statement that defines our understanding of nursing concepts, our professional strengths and our critical thinking abilities. A. Functional Differences A regulatory agency, such as the Virginia Board of Nursing (VBON), is state government agency that exists solely to enforce the laws that regulate nursing practice. The BON protects the public’s safety and welfare by outlining the standards for safe nursing care, issuing licenses to practice nursing and monitoring compliance to state laws (McDaniel, 2013-14). The BON will investigate complaints of nurses not in compliance with the nurse practice act and will take necessary disciplinary action against nurses found in violation. In addition, BONs approve pre-licensure nursing education programs and oversee the licensure examination of nurses. All health care professionals must pay licensure fees in order to practice legally in their state. These activities assure that the public is cared for by qualified individuals (McDaniel, 2013-14). Professional nursing organizations have the same goal as BONs, to protect the public, however the method by which it is accomplished is functionally different. Nursing organizations are nurses working together to develop professional standards and practices...
Words: 2753 - Pages: 12
...is no methodology peculiar to comparative research.[5] The multidisciplinary approach is good for the flexibility it offers, yet comparative programs do have a case to answer against the call that their research lacks a "seamless whole."[6] There are certainly methods that are far more common than others in comparative studies, however. Quantitative analysis is much more frequently pursued than qualitative, and this is seen by the majority of comparative studies which use quantitative data.[7][1][8][2] The general method of comparing things is the same for comparative research as it is in our everyday practice of comparison. Like cases are treated alike, and different cases are treated differently; the extent of difference determines how differently cases are to be treated. If one is able to sufficiently distinguish two carry the research conclusions will not be very helpful.[9] Secondary analysis of quantitative data is relatively widespread in comparative research, undoubtedly in part because of the cost of obtaining primary data for such large things as a country's policy environment. This study is generally aggregate data analysis. Comparing large quantities of data (especially government sourced) is prevalent.[1] A typical method of comparing welfare states is to take balance of their levels of spending on social welfare.[7] In line with how a lot of theorizing has gone in the last century, comparative research...
Words: 3315 - Pages: 14
...Concept Analysis of Patient Centered Care Monet J. Scott Chamberlain College of Nursing NR: 501 Theoretical Basis Advance Nursing May 2015 Concept Analysis of Patient Centered Care A concept analysis seeks to outline, distinguish, and enhance the clarity of the nursing profession as well as stimulate future research endeavors. Within the development of a concept analysis, notions and thoughts are outlined and examined through the fundamental features of that particular concept. According to Walker & Avant (2011), the seven steps to accomplishing a concept analysis includes the selection of a concept, determining the purpose of analysis, identifying all uses of the concept, defining attributes, identifying a model case of the concept, identifying antecedents and consequences, and identifying empirical references. Patient centered care is an imperative task performed by not only nurses, but the absolute interdisciplinary staff involved. It is essential to the establishment of quality care with the ultimate goal of positive patient outcomes. Several responsibilities of the nurse for patient centered care may include pain relief, listening, advocating for the patient, disease prevention, health promotion, respect for patient values and preferences, and maintaining patient dignity and identity (Lusk & Fater, 2013). Jean Watson’s theory of caring closes correlates with the concept of patient centered care in respect to the practice of nursing. This concept analysis of...
Words: 2114 - Pages: 9
...ijcrb.webs.com JANUARY 2012 VOL 3, NO 9 INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS Collective Bargaining and Its Implementation “A case study of HBFC in Pakistan” Rana Adeel Luqman MS Scholar and Lecturer Commerce Department The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan Fakhar Shahzad (Corresponding author) MS Scholar and Visiting Lecturer The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan Sundus Shaheen (Corresponding author) Lecturer, Commerce Department The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan Tabinda Kiran (Corresponding author) Lecturer, Management Sciences The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan ABSTRACT The main intention of writing this paper is to develop understanding about the concept of collective bargaining, its scope and implementation issues in HBFC Pakistan and in light of problems that they face in collective bargaining suggest some factors for effective collective bargaining. Simple random sampling was used for collecting data from population. In-depth interviews are conducted formally and informally. Based on the analysis of data gathered in HBFC it was found that there is no proper communication between union and management. They have misconception between them and the management does not properly recognize the union. And there is also the involvement of politics in collective bargaining. So there is need of some improvement in collective bargaining process and also realize the importance...
Words: 2888 - Pages: 12
...Chapter 33. Professional Communication and Team Collaboration Michelle O’Daniel, Alan H. Rosenstein Background In today’s health care system, delivery processes involve numerous interfaces and patient handoffs among multiple health care practitioners with varying levels of educational and occupational training. During the course of a 4-day hospital stay, a patient may interact with 50 different employees, including physicians, nurses, technicians, and others. Effective clinical practice thus involves many instances where critical information must be accurately communicated. Team collaboration is essential. When health care professionals are not communicating effectively, patient safety is at risk for several reasons: lack of critical information, misinterpretation of information, unclear orders over the telephone, and overlooked changes in status.1 Lack of communication creates situations where medical errors can occur. These errors have the potential to cause severe injury or unexpected patient death. Medical errors, especially those caused by a failure to communicate, are a pervasive problem in today’s health care organizations. According to the Joint Commission (formerly the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations, JCHAO), if medical errors appeared on the National Center for Health Statistic’s list of the top 10 causes of death in the United States, they would rank number 5—ahead of accidents, diabetes, and Alzheimer’s disease, as well as AIDS, breast...
Words: 7203 - Pages: 29
...Social Science & Medicine 66 (2008) 2520e2531 www.elsevier.com/locate/socscimed Biomedical scientists’ perception of the social sciences in health research* Mathieu Albert a,*, Suzanne Laberge b, Brian D. Hodges a, Glenn Regehr a, Lorelei Lingard a a b University of Toronto Toronto, Ontario, Canada Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada ´ ´ ´ Available online 11 March 2008 Abstract The growing interest in interdisciplinary research within the Canadian health sciences sector has been manifested by initiatives aimed at increasing the involvement of the social sciences in this sector. Drawing on Bourdieu’s concept of field and Knorr-Cetina’s concept of epistemic culture, this study explores the extent to which it is possible for the social sciences to integrate into, and thrive in, a field in which the experimental paradigm occupies a hegemonic position. Thirty-one semi-structured interviews were conducted to explore biomedical scientists’ receptiveness toward the social sciences in general and to qualitative research in particular. We found that these respondents exhibited a predominantly negative posture toward the social sciences; however, we also found considerable variation in their judgments and explanations. Eight biomedical scientists tended to be receptive to the social sciences, 7 ambivalent, and 16 unreceptive. The main rationale expressed by receptive respondents is that the legitimacy of a method depends on its capacity to adequately...
Words: 8237 - Pages: 33
...Art and Science Table of content pg.no Introduction 2 Description of incident 3 Feeling and thought 4 Evaluation 4 Analysis 8 Conclusion 10 Action Plan 11 Reference 12 Introduction Nursing is a great discipline and nurses have the honour and expertise in healing humans and bringing them back to normalcy (Reed P G, 2006). In discharging their duties effectively there is always a question that remains unresolved whether nursing should be approached as a science or an art or both? Academicians and practitioners stand on both sides and some tow along the middle path. Gary Rofle (2002) suggests that it’s not a pure science and discounts the opinion that nursing reflects technical rationality. He suggests that reflective learning, learning as an outcome of doing, which is closely related to art and which differs from individual to individual, dimension should also be considered. From the above discussion we can conclude that nursing...
Words: 3762 - Pages: 16
...for factor analysis (Guadagnoli & Velicer, 1988, Hoelter, 1983; Aday & Cornellius, 2006; Polit & Beck, 2008) other authors appear to not support their use (Gaskin & Happell, 2014). In 2014, Gaskin and Happell published a study to explore the way nursing researchers utilize factor analysis. The focus was on five areas of decisions that are commonly made when doing factor analysis: Sample size; choice between factor analysis and principal component analysis; numbers of factors to be retained; data extraction and method of factor rotation. In order to provide guidance and information to researchers, the authors reviewed the literature regarding the above areas of interest, assessed current and best practice for researchers and, provided recommendations...
Words: 1736 - Pages: 7
...Towards a typology for undertaking doctoral research in the built environment Ade Alao Abstract This paper considers issues associated with identifying a typology for doctoral research in the built environment. It argues that a definition of the built environment knowledge base in terms of its constituent subject disciplines is unhelpful for doctoral research as the generation of new knowledge in an interdiscipline requires integration across the various subject disciplines. A typology for research design is identified as being capable of guiding the doctoral researcher but will require further research to tested and verify it’s theoretical and empirical basis. Keywords: Typology, Doctoral Research, Built Environment, Interdisciplinarity 1. Introduction “The built environment disciplines is a term that has come to be used by many UK universities to refer to a range of practice-oriented subjects concerned with the design, development and management of buildings, spaces and places….. …..they are a very heterogeneous collection of fields of study and practice, including architecture, town planning, land and property management, building surveying, construction technology, landscape design, housing policy and management, transport planning and urban regeneration. In some institutions disciplines such as geography and environmental management are also included. As such, they comprise something of a microcosm of the university as a whole, comprising business-oriented...
Words: 3310 - Pages: 14
...stuck on certain functions while losing sight of the community’s larger problems. In practice, strong (but by no means all) CO organizations have proven adept at integrating adverse set of issues and linking them to a larger vision of the common good. This is a holistic function that has been largely abandoned by political parties, churches, schools and other civic institutions. 5.4 Critical Perspectives CO organizations seek to change policies and institutions that are not working. In many communities, they are the only force promoting institutional accountability and responsiveness. Because community organizations take critical positions, they can be viewed as partisan or even polarizing in some contexts, and an obstacle to social collaboration....
Words: 1479 - Pages: 6
...Reflection Paper This reflection paper describes three large sections of the author trying to convey. These three parts are Strategic Management from the writer’s point of views, Strategic Management from the participants or students’ perspectives in class discussions and application Strategic Management in everyday life, especially in the military context. 1. Strategic Management from My Point of Views Before implementing a selected strategy from several alternatives, we should carefully analyze and consider the selected strategy. Strategy analysis can take a longer time before coming to the decision-making process. The intention is that an organization will be on the effective condition and position in attempting created goals and objectives in various influences from internal as well as external factors. Sometimes internal and external factors change the level of intensity and urgency in conducting certain kinds of strategic decisions completely. The orientation of such specific strategies based on various assumptions is related to the assumption which has been used by the planner, in this case, a manager or leader in an organization to produce a decisive strategy. Managers or leaders have to fully aware that all consequences from the implementation of the strategy are being measured and estimated appropriately. After an organization formulating their strategy, then the working units in the organization can set some technical ways in conducting the strategy. The next step...
Words: 3445 - Pages: 14
...International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 2011, 3(2), 411-423 www.iojes.net Pedagogical Competences – The Key to Efficient Education Andreia Irina SUCIU1 and Liliana MÂŢĂ21 Abstract The aim of our study is to provide a holistic representation of pedagogical skills closely related with current approaches in the field of professional competence for the teaching career. The paper covers three dimensions from the perspective of pedagogical competences. The first dimension is on the definition of pedagogical competence. The concept of pedagogical competence tends to be used with the meaning of minimum professional standard, often specified by law, which should raise a person in fulfilling a particular role of the teaching profession. The second dimension is based on representative taxonomies and highlights current pedagogical competences. The taxonomic classification, which we provide below only refers to the basic competences involved in the based role of a teacher to lead one of the educational activities with students. The third dimension is represented by a proposal in a narrow framework of a holistic representation of pedagogical competences for the teaching career. In the holistic view, we delineate two broad categories of pedagogical competences in accord with current approaches: general pedagogical competence and special pedagogical competence. After analyzing the pedagogical competences taxonomies, we obtained a comprehensive and actual representation. This...
Words: 3308 - Pages: 14
