...Sources of Motivation This document will provide a brief description of what motivation is; it will identify at least two sources of motivation, explain the relationship between motivation and behavior, and will examine how behavior exhibits motivation. How is motivation defined? Motivation is defined as an internal process that makes an individual move toward a goal, and it is what causes an individual to act the way he or she does to accomplish that goal. However, motivation can only be limited by an individual’s behavior (Deckers, 2010). The sources of motivation are able to originate from internal sources that are described as biological and psychological variables, and from external sources, such as incentives and goals (Deckers, 2010). The most important sources of motivation are biological, psychological, emotional, environmental, and evolutionary. Biological and psychological have an immense influence on motivation as well as and these two sources are considered internal variables while environmental is considered an external variable. Biological is emotions or feelings such as appetite and hormones that work in the individual body. Psychological can be described as the “need to feel right” that can motivate the individual to act together with others. Environmental is described as the positive incentives or goals that create a center of attention on an individual whereas the negative consequences are a drive back to the individual. Emotional can be describe...
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...Attribution Theory is concerned with the ways in which people perceive and think about the behaviors of themselves or others, exploring how people attempt to make inferences about the causes of observed behavior. The tendency to overestimate the role of personal factors while underestimating the impact of situational factors when attempting to understand or explain the behavior or others is referred to as Fundamental Attribution Error (e.g., a person cuts me off and I immediately assume they are a jerk without considering situational factors, such as disruptive children or car problems). While the focus is more on personal attributions when explaining the behavior of others, we are more likely to make situational attributions when explaining our own behavior (referred to as the Actor-Observer Effect). While the actor-observer effect tends to hold true when explaining personal failures, successful behaviors usually lead to a Self-serving bias, whereby one is more likely to make dispositional (personal) rather than situational attributions. The 3 original and 2 additional dimensions to Weiner's taxonomy in his Attributional Theory of Motivation and Emotion are as follows: Original: internal/external, stable/unstable,...
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...Michael Norman The term motivation has numerous aspects as related to different individual. Therefore it can be defined in many ways. Motivation has a major influence on an individuals behavior and is something that can be hard to retain as it is part of our human nature to stumble upon obstacles that can cause us to lose motivation. Will power and self determination are required in maintaining focus for achievement. Being motivated requires inspiration and incentive. This paper will provide an understanding of the term motivation, identify sources of motivation, explain the relationship between motivation and behavior, and examine how behavior exhibits motivation. Motivation involves the emotional, cognitive, and social forces that stimulates our behavior. Cognitive knowledge is important because it enables the individual to evaluate incentives, understand how to attain them, and assess the chances of success (Deckers, 2010). Motivation is the process which initiates, directs and supports goal focused behaviors. In simpler everyday terms, motivation can be described as why an individual does something. In life, motivation is a necessity to be successful in completing a particular task or endeavor and acts as the driving force. Motivation can be viewed as an internal energy which provokes an individual to initiate something in order for something to be accomplished. Three aspects which form the fundamental basis of motivation is the persistence, direction...
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...Theory basically looks at how people make sense of their world; what cause and effect inferences they make about the behaviors of others and of themselves. Heider states that there is a strong need in individuals to understand transient events by attributing them to the actor's disposition or to stable characteristics of the environment. The purpose behind making attributions is to achieve COGNITIVE CONTROL over one's environment by explaining and understanding the causes behind behaviors and environmental occurrences. Making attributions gives order and predictability to our lives; helps us to cope. Imagine what it would be like if you felt that you had no control over the world. (talk about later) When you make attributions you analyze the situation by making inferences (going beyond the information given) about the dispositions of others and yourself as well as inferences about the environment and how it may be causing a person to behave. Two basic kinds of attributions made: INTERNAL and EXTERNAL INTERNAL - dispositional EXTERNAL - situational Consequences of making inferences: 1) gives order and predictability; 2) inferences lead to behavior - you will or will not behave in certain ways toward the actor based on your inferences and you will form expectations as to how the actor will behave. The meaning of a behavior depends on the cause to which it is attributed (e.g. bystander studies - if we don't perceive the situation is caused...
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...Sources of Motivation xxxxxxxxxxxx PSY/355 Jxxxx 9, xxxxx xxxxxxxx, Ph.D. Motivation is the drive that moves an individual into action. Motivation comes from several sources such as biological, psychological or external. Motivation affects behavior in many ways. This essay will define motivation, identify the sources of motivation, describe the relationship between motivation and behavior, and explain how behavior displays motivation. According to “Collins Dictionary of Sociology” (2006) the description of motivation is emotional, such as love, or it may involve the cognitive appraisal of a situation”. Motivation is a psychological and biological urge or impulse that enables an individual to act towards a desired goal, intention, or course of activity. It is goal based behavior that is the catalyst or reason for an action or change of action. The sources of motivation can be biological, psychological or external. The biological component of motivation is associated with the physical needs of the body and mind that stimulate behavior such as hunger, thirst, sleep, sex or pain. One example of this is physiological and chemical changes in hormones that signal hunger. The more this signal increases, the more one is impelled to do something that will relieve the feeling of hunger. Psychological aspects of motivation can be measured by the use of scales and questionnaires that measure the...
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...Internal, External, and Situational Factors Affecting Consumer Behavior MRKT 410 Consumer Behavior March 29, 2015 University of Maryland University College Introduction We do everything for a reason, even if we can’t articulate what the reason is. The goal of marketing is to satisfy consumers’ needs. That is why understanding motivation would lead to understanding why consumers do what they do. Different individuals react differently to the same stimulus. Below are influences that affect consumer behavior that include internal, external, and situational factors. Internal Factors Internal influences are what personally influence an individual based on lifestyle and way of thinking. * Age: Consumers of different age groups have different needs and wants. People that belong to the same age group share a set if common cultural experiences that they carry throughout life (Solomon, 2013). The energy drink Red Bull targets young people and introduced it in bars, nightclubs and gyms. * Gender: Gender distinctions start at a very early age (Solomon, 2013). A simple example is that men purchase different things than woman do. Studies proved that women tend to spend more than men (Mohan, 2012). * Perception: The process by which people select, organize and interpret sensations and how people add meaning to the raw sensations (Solomon, 2013). Consumers who viewed themselves as socially conscious tended to place more weight on issues such as environmental impact when...
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...influences, internal or external. It makes an individual move in a particular direction or take action. There are either positive or negative motivations, which cause positive or negative effects. A positive motivation is pleasurable or rewarding effect on someone, where negative motivation can lead to something painful. Being positively motivated can be many things mainly it is makes an individual feel good. An example of positive motivation would be parents telling their kids that if they get good grades they would let them pick the next family trip. An example of a negative motivation would be criticized by your boss about your work while they aren’t doing anything would make you do less work and not respond well to them. Biological and psychological motives are two sources of motivation. Biological needs motivate humans to behave a certain way. The most important biological needs are hunger, thirst and human connections to others, which motivates humans to seek and find food and water. Both food and water are important to human survival. For example the need for comfort for an individual who is too hot or cold will change t the temperature in the room. Psychological needs are the motivation to belong in groups in society. The psychological need to be happy can also include the need to make others happy. A student goes to class and is psychologically motivated to make a good grade there is no biological process to this. Environment can be responsible for external influences...
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...more grant dollars than all other federal agencies combined” (US Department of Health and Human Services, n.d.). As the United States primary agency for protecting the health of Americans the Department of Health and Human Services is a perfect agency to analyze in terms of its organizational design. Many internal and external factors have defined and shaped the organization in terms of its size, organizational structure, and processes. Organizational characteristics, also known as internal factors such as the purpose of the organization and the organizational structure help to define how the HHS agency operates. According to the Forestry Department (2000), “External factors are those from the enabling environments which are not under the control of the organization but which affect its structure and development have also influenced the organization” (para. 2). These external factors include economic factors, socio-economic factors, and political-administrative factors. Because of the demand for more accountability within the organizational structure it has affected the behavior of the Department of Health and Human Services. This paper will explore how the internal and external factors have defined and shaped the Department of Health and Human Services in terms of its size, organizational structure, and processes as well as how the demand for more accountability has...
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...The value of organizational behavior is that it isolates important aspects of the manager’s job and offers specific perspectives on the human side of management. Organizational behavior is a field of study, an applied field, and a study of what people do in organizations The field of organizational behavior attempts to understand human behavior in organizational settings, the organization itself, and the individual organization interface. Managers need to plan, organize, lead, and control Manager roles – interpersonal, informational, and decision-maiking. Manager skills – technical skills, interpersonal, conceptual, and diagnostic. Process approach – includes scientific management which used scientific methods to define the “one best way” for a job to be done. Human relation – focuses on the importance of the attitudes and feelings of workers Quantitative approach- includes applications of statistics, models System approach – provides useful framework for understanding how the elements of an organization interact among themselves Contingency approach – fit between organizational processes and characteristics of the situation. Three levels of analyses – individual processes (work attitudes), group processes (communication), and organizational processes (structure) Perception – set of processes by which an individual becomes aware of and interprets information about the environment. Perception influences – interpretation, spoken words, and visual images Perceptual...
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...relates to behavior, and how behavior can affect motivation, one can learn to be at the “I think I can” step of being motivated. Motivation is, by definition; the act or instance of motivating, the desire to do; interest or drive (Collins English Dictionary, 10th ed.). This definition is very broad and can be interpreted in many ways. To break it down lets look at the act of being motivated, which is said to be moving into action or deciding on a change in action according to the philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer (1841-1960). He believed that actions were not spontaneous in nature but were induced by motives or incentives (Deckers, 2010). A motive is a person’s internal disposition to be concerned with and approach positive incentives and avoid negative incentives, while an incentive is the anticipated reward or adverse event available within the environment. These two are linked because receiving an incentive is the goal of a motive (Deckers, 2010). One good example commonly used to describe this is being hungry; hunger is the motive for getting something to eat. Since our motivation comes from events that move us from motives and incentives to the final prize of being satisfied, there are different things that can be addressed that ultimately cause the motivation. Firstly, are the internal sources, which include biological attributes and psychological dispositions. The biological attributes are those of the body and brain that cause motivating behavior like eating...
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...organizational buyer behavior are sub-categories of marketing. Research in both fields has enabled manufacturers and distributors to understand the needs, preferences and behavior of buyers, as well as the internal and external factors that influence buyer behavior. Although much has been written about the differences between consumer and organizational buyer behavior, it appears that the demarcations between the two fields are not as clear as they may seem to be. Keywords Buying Center; Buying Decision Process; Consumer Buyer Behavior; Decision-Making Unit (DMU); Organizational Buyer Behavior Marketing: Consumer Overview Buyer behavior is concerned with the selection and purchase of Products or services to satisfy a need for individuals or groups. It is focused on the needs of individuals, groups and organizations. Buyer behavior occurs either for an individual consumer on his own; an individual consumer in the context of a group (where others in the group influence how a person behaves); or an organization (where employees make decisions about which products or services the firm should use). Although economists were the first academic group to offer a theory of buyer behavior, the field of buyer behavior is a subcategory of marketing that blends elements from economics, psychology, sociology, social psychology, anthropology and other sciences, such as physiological psychology, biochemistry, and genetics. The two main areas of buyer behavior are consumer buyer behavior, and organizational...
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...Predictions: Group that evaluated the experience more favorably: harsh and cold experimenter Group that did not evaluate the experience more favorably: amiable experimenter Reasoning and Explanations: In life, humans like to be in a state of psychological consonance, meaning that their behaviors match their attitudes and beliefs. However, sometimes humans enter a state where their behaviors do not match their attitudes and beliefs, which causes a state of dissonance. The state of dissonance is called the cognitive dissonance theory. In order to leave the state of dissonance, there are two options that humans can choose: either external justification or internal justification. Through external justification, people would use anything that they can point to from the environment to reason why they...
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...M4-Assignment 2: Internal Environmental Scan/Organizational Assessment https://homeworklance.com/downloads/m4-assignment-2-internal-environmental-scanorganizational-assessment/ M4-Assignment 2: Internal Environmental Scan/Organizational Assessment This section provides the opportunity to develop your course project. Conducting an internal environmental scan or organizational assessment, provides the ability to put the strategy audit together. In this module, you will conduct a comprehensive assessment of the internal environment at your business unit or organization you are working with for this project, also known as an organizational assessment, and present your findings in a report. In your report, you should analyze the operating characteristics and assets of your business unit. The SWOT model is one of the most common business tools used during organizational assessment. Another is developing a balanced scorecard based on a prescribed or planned set of performance objectives that will be measured and evaluated regularly. In this assignment, based on the external environmental scan you conducted in M2: Assignment 2 and the internal environmental scan in this assignment, you will develop a SWOT analysis and a balanced strategic scorecard. Part I: Internal Environmental Scan (2–3 pages) The internal environmental scan or organizational assessment should include the following: • Mission, vision, and values: Assess the organization’s understanding of the mission...
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...right combination of workers along with their knowledge, training and tools leads to organizational effectiveness in satisfying customers. Quantitative management is another contemporary approach that prioritizes mathematical or statistical analysis as basis for decision making. This approach helps a manager make a decision by developing formal mathematical models including linear programming, queuing theory, simulation, forecasting, inventory modeling, network modeling, and breakeven analysis to resolve a problem (Bateman & Snell, 2013). The organizational behavior contemporary approach studies and identifies management activities that promote employee effectiveness by examining the dynamic nature of individual and group behaviors and interactions along with organizational processes. Systems theory shows that the organization’s performance depends on how effective it is providing goods or services using inputs from the external environment. Systems theory also points out that an organization is one system in a series of subsystems and is interdependent with other subsystems (Bateman & Snell, 2013). In the systems theory contemporary approach to management, an open system is a set of components and processes dependent on inputs from the outside word such as raw materials, human resources, and capital. The organization then transform...
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...Organizational Behavior BA323 | 138074 Tsabedze mzwandile | The importance of understanding the study of organizational behavior | Assignment 1 | The importance of organizational behavior 0rganisational behavior is defined as a field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups, and structures have on behavior within the organization. Put differently organizational behavior is the study of human behavior in an organizational setting. It is the study of how individuals and groups behave within the organization as well as how members of the organization interact with the external environment. Gibson defines organizational behavior as a field of study that draws on theory, methods, and principles from various disciplines to learn about individuals perceptions, values , learning capacities, and actions while working in groups and within the organization and to analyze the external environment’s effect on the organization and its human resource, missions, objectives, and strategies. Organizational behavior is a still-emerging discipline which seeks to enable managers to understand people better to enhance them improves their management practices to increase productivity, customer satisfaction, and better competitive position. Due to the changing trends in the global or external environment, organizational structure, incentive systems, leadership styles, and organizational processes that worked in the past might not work well in today’s vibrant environment. Emphases...
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