...Abstract The empirical evidence on the effect of corruption on international trade is mixed. Some researchers find that the relationship between exports and level of corruption is only significant for a small number of countries. On the other hand, some show that corruption adversely affects trade. The organization of corruption networks of each country can explain the impact of corruption on trade. When corruption networks are organized and controlled by a strong centralized state, corruption is likely to have a less detrimental economic impact than when it is organized by numerous government officials. Indeed, some literature suggest that centralized corruption networks have led to the East Asian paradox: the combination of high growth rates in real income per capita over relatively long time periods and high levels of corruption in large newly East Asian industrializing economies. In light of this, this paper finds that while corruption in the country itself impedes export trade for most countries, it has a positive effect on export trade. we find that corruption in a trading partner positively affects the export trade of a country. With this study, we can see the importance of understanding a country’s organization of corruption networks and how policymakers could implement meaningful policy reforms accordingly. Introduction: Corruption – the abuse of public resources for private gain – is pervasive and significant around the world and in some cases, it could amount to...
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...Corruption in International Business-Caselets 1. McDonald's in China * I think Mcdonal's should not pay the fees. It was subject for 31 fees which do not have any connection with McDonald's and its business. This is the example of petty corupption, where private actors interact with low lever buraucrats. If this was legal, city bureaucrats would not appear to be within discrection to impose the fees. 2. Enterprise Investors in Warsaw, 1990 * I think they should pay the fee if they want to open its Warsaw office at this period of time, because they can not do business without telephones. But I think they should consider other countries as well to see if they can open immediatly without paying HOOKUP FEE. Because this paying is just a loss for their company at very beginning. This is example of petty corruption. 3. Alpha Media in Budapest, 1994 * This is example of petty corupption because if the firm pays $45000 for local accountat which clearly works with local tax inspection he will straighten the firms books. Even though this is corruption, for the firms well beign they should hire the consultat because if inspection goes over books for longer period the company will have to pay more compliance fines.. So, he will be good for this period and also he will be good for the firms future too. 4. Gulf oil in Korea, 1966 -If the Gulf will not make the contribution, I suppose this party would do everything to ruin their sucessful business...
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...Bribery and corruption is a way of life in many countries. These practices affect the way international business is regularly conducted. However, in most of these countries, it is illegal to offer or receive bribes or engage in corrupt practices. Yet corrupt practices are a part of the ‘culture’ of ‘doing businesses. Unless companies ‘conform’ to such practices, in many cases, international business cannot be transacted. This paper will attempt to provide discussion about bribery and corruption in international trade example in vary different point of view in according to the principal ethical system suchlike religious, philosophical and ‘natural’. It will anayize the case of Siemens bribery scandal related to ethical issues. Bribery is a most important issue of concern to many companies. Incidents of bribery vary across many countries. Not everyone has the same opinion about this issue. Hong Kong and Greek managers are less critical of bribery in certain situations than Americas. Paying bribery carries with it a great risk to damaging the company reputation with the country which the briberies are paid and at home. Moreover, there is also the risk that the corporate culture of the company will become more open-minded of several of other practices at the legal issues. There is also evidence to suggest that those countries with the reputation for bribery and corruption damage themselves as it reflects in their economic growth has a low rates for high level of corruption. Corruption...
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...Health care services in India are facing different challenges from inadequate finance and poor management to inequity in terms of quality and access (Ramani-Mavalankar, 2006). However, corruption is that underlying problem, which if not tackled, would prevent from resolving all other kinds of difficulties (Potter, 2003). Therefore, in this essay I have endeavoured to understand the forms in which corruption is prevalent in Indian Healthcare Services. Along with this, I have also tried to suggest certain measures which would help tackle corruption. The former president of Medical Council of India, Mr.Ketan Desai has been charged with corruption both the times he has been elected for the post. Despite his removal in 2001 following the charges, he was re-elected by the Government of India in 2009 (Pandya 2009). Thereafter in 2011 Mr Desai was arrested by the CBI for accepting a highly culpable amount of bribe from two medical colleges seeking recognition. (Chauhan, 2011). Mr Desai justifies the definition of corruption by Transparency International, as the result of misused powers to benefit personally instead of doing public welfare (Vian, 2007). Moreover, this definition would be appropriate for the Government of India who elected a person with history of fraud to be the president of the central health governing body of the nation. Health sector, in any nation, is a vast network involving different participants at each stage ( Hussmann,2011). Therefore it becomes difficult...
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...The 2 Sides of Power Sam Pinsky Patrick Halpenny Wednesday November 13th, 2013 ENG4U Power is a very vague terminology. Power is like a disease, very epidemics. Power can be a success or a failure, depending on the individual. Power in the right hands creates justice. Power in the wrong hands creates injustices. It corrupts human feelings and converts friends into enemies, therefore having power in the wrong hands succeeds in persuading one, using the power in a cruel and oppressive way. In the novel "Kindred", written by Octavia Butler, the novel presents revolving themes like power corruption of emotion, friendship and racism.Most of the times possessing the power can destroy the freedom of others. Power corrupts human feelings. Whenever an individual achieves the power, one becomes a different person. Rufus, the main character in the novel, possessed the power after his father's death. He became very possessive, even to Dana. The first time when Rufus met Dana he had a good reputation and liked her very much. Later on as he became mature and powerful his friendship to Dana changed to possessive love. He became very jealous of Kevin and was eager to kill him. Whenever Dana asked if he had received a response from Kevin, he would deny it. That did not last long, she soon found out that Rufus betrayed her. ->quote This shows that power can corrupt human emotions entirely. Power can turn allies into enemies. Friendship can last...
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... “Power tends to corrupt and absolute power corrupts absolutely”(Lord Acton,1887) Power is something only the right person should have, it could turn into an absolute mess if it's not handled correctly. Having power means others look up to you, and you could change the way they see things. This effect a person has on someone could cause dangerous events. It can also cause something really good. Meaning the outcome of having power could be either positive or negative. A person could easily abuse power and think that people won’t retaliate. The book “Animal Farm” by George Orwell is a great example of how power can be abused. Mr.Jones, the owner of Manor Farm is an alcoholic who doesn’t treat his animals right. He sees it as he can do whatever he wants and nothing will happen.The animals decide take the power into their own hands. They are sick and tired of Mr.Jones treating them unfairly so they decide to start a revolution. In the book Mr.Jones comes back to the farm to try and take it back. The animals don't let him, they are in power now because Mr.Jones was abusing his. This shows how Mr.Jones using his power to hurt the animals turns into a negative thing. Once Mr.Jones loses his power and it turns over to Snowball. Snowball is a pig who decides to use his power to make the environment of the farm better for the animals. He sees this revolution as an opportunity to make things right. He starts getting the animals to be able to provide for themselves...
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...Research Methodology • Title A study of the effect of bribery and corruption with lack of censorship in the governmental institution There are various reasons why corruption takes place and takes hold. Sometimes it is due to the fact that officials are simply not paid very much and so they need to supplement their salaries with money from bribes. Sometimes the bureaucratic system is set up in such a way that officials simply refuse to carry out their duties unless they are ‘encouraged’ by being offered bribes. In other cases it is actually part of the tradition and culture of a country to give and receive ‘gifts’ in order to get anything done. In some cases companies from less corrupt countries allegedly engage in bribery in order to do business in countries where corruption is the norm, otherwise they would not be able to operate successfully in those countries. It can be argued that if such companies did not bribe officials in the necessary countries then the economies of those countries would suffer because fewer companies would invest in them, thus making them poorer. On a smaller scale corruption is often just a result of people’s natural desire to ‘beat the system’. Mostly, corruption occurs in environments where it is tolerated and where the temptation is too strong to resist. In the following paragraph there are some examples of how bribes take place in each and every one of them. • Problem Statement Main Problem: A person gives some money to officials...
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...Internal Analysis Report Report No: 2408-1 Request: Simulation of EEPROM corruption Requester: Ann Portia Yturiaga Dinglasan <Ann.Dinglasan@finisar.com> Sample Module Submitted: FTLF1318P2BTL Date: August 16th, 2013 Prepare by: Chew Yoon Kit ------------------------------------------------- Solution details After sample module finish Module testing, sample module will proceed for Label test. In Label test, sample module will proceed with standard labeling test without customization; 1. Initialize the MapDef 2. Serial number checking 3. Part number checking 4. Memory map archive which include; a. EEPROM [Table 0] b. FCC Albany [Table 0 to 33] 5. EEPROM check with reference file 6. FCC table check with reference file Sample module will proceed to Custom Label test which test include; 1. Initialize the MapDef 2. Serial number checking Later sample module will proceed to Barcode test which test include; 1. Initialize the MapDef 2. Serial number checking 3. Part number checking Suspected area which may corrupt EEPROM; 1. Serial number checking 2. Part number checking 3. Memory map archive 4. EEPROM checking *Note: Not likely will corrupt EEPROM since it’s just only read access the EEPROM only* ------------------------------------------------- Strategy [I] Simulate 20,000 cycles of continuous read and compare; 1. Serial number checking 2. Part number checking ...
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...Branch. It can be used for both hard projects, such as buildings and roads, and soft projects, such as scholarships and medical expenses. We are not speaking about 100pesos amount of money or 1000pesos, we are speaking about millions and billions of money here, so, don’t be amaze if the persons holding this big amount of money tend to be a greedy one. I will give you some reasons why pork barrel should be abolish, the People of the Philippines cannot monitor what happens to their money, we cannot monitor if our money really goes to where it should be, if it really used for the convenient of the many or by few only, we cannot monitor what really happens to our money. Another reason is that this pork barrel system can easily be used for corruption, in the means of allocating millions of pesos for a road or building projects but instead of using competent materials they used sub-standards ones so that they can filch some of the money allocated for the project. Another reasons is the congress can manipulated the money and make it disappear little by little until its gone, then they will make some report that they used it to make road projects, medical projects and other projects. Pork barrel is a system that allows persons in position to be corrupt. For me I can say it is like a virus that when you are in this system you’re likely to be a corrupted one if your immune system is weak. I can compare pork barrel to a fire, it may light up a house or it may burn the house, it is in the...
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...How Are Power and Corruption Related? by Sebastian Sandoval "Power corrupts and absolute power corrupts absolutely." – Lord John Dalberg-Acton Macbeth and Lord of the Flies depict power and corruption. However in Macbeth's case it is his fear of being forgotten that leads to his ambitions for power and in turn corrupts him. In Lord of the Flies we see Jack's ambition to become chief corrupt him into doing whatever it takes to achieve that position. Both works seem to coincide with Hobbes theory that "man is naturally savage" and that savagery combined with the notion of power can only lead to one thing, corruption. In this essay the relationship between power and corruption will be explored through the lens of three texts: Macbeth by William Shakespeare (1623), Lord of the Flies by William Golding (1954), and Of Man, Being the First Part of Leviathan by Thomas Hobbes (1651). Let us begin with The Tragedy of Macbeth. Throughout the play, we see Macbeth change from a noble and brave soldier into a shadow of his former self. In the beginning we see an internal struggle with the decision to kill King Duncan. This is most clearly depicted in act I when Macbeth says, "We will proceed no further in this business. He hath honored me of late,"(1.7. 28-30 ). It is after the murder of Duncan that we begin to notice a sinister change. Macbeth begins to murder anyone who has or could get in his way even his friend Banquo. In act 3 Macbeth's plan is first revealed in his conversation...
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...of the upper classes of society may commit are often more serious compared to the ones which the poor people commit and they may inflict greater damage on society. Crimes that involve great amounts of money or economic interests, such as bribery and corruption, are among the top crimes that adversely affect the entirety of society. Crimes of this nature are not sufficiently discussed at the academic level or as part of political agenda or debates. No human being or human-made system is free from corruption or fraud. Contrary to the popular belief, corruption, bribery and fraud are not problems specific to economically underdeveloped countries; on the contrary, these crimes are quite widespread in developed Western democracies, particularly in the US. Broadly speaking, these deviant behaviors, defined as “white-collar crimes,” can also referred to as “crimes of the powerful.” It was Edwin Hardin Sutherland, a US social scientist, who first coined this terminology in the literature of sociology and criminology. Crimes committed by individuals may vary depending on their social class es. There are certain significant differences between the petty crimes committed by blue-collar workers from lower social classes and the corruption crimes committed by white-collar workers from higher social classes. First, the criminals from lower social classes tend to resort to violence while the offenses committed by white-collar workers do not generally contain violence. Second, there are...
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...French hypermarket Carrefour is facing a peculiar kind of growing pain for its breakneck growth in China: systemic corruption among its management ranks at the local levels. As many as eight managerial staff at Carrefour China have been detained by Chinese police in a wide-ranging probe initiated by the company itself over bribe taking by its managers at its city procurement center in Beijing and seven other outlets, including one in Shenzhen. Their detention is seen as part of radical shakeout precipitated by Eric Legros, the new executive director of Carrefour China. Legros is looking to rein in wayward local managers and tighten up a decentralized procurement system that has set Carrefour on a high-growth path in China but that appears to be outgrowing its usefulness. The police summoned 22 suspects for questioning between June 25th and August 1, including 12 local suppliers, according to two major publications, Shanghai Securities News and China Business News. The investigation netted an unidentified number of corrupt managers working at the fresh produce department who requested kickbacks in the form of promotional fees from suppliers. Carrefour did not dispute the reports’ accounts. Unlike the centralized system in procurement and coordinating logistics employed by its top competitor in China, Wal-Mart, Carrefour has been racing ahead in China through a model that empowers local managers at each outlet to manage pricing, choose suppliers and conduct negotiations on...
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...Corruption and Bribery April 29, 2015 Abstract In this paper, I will be writing about corruption and bribery. I will define the terms and go on to explain the regulations that have been put in place to stop corruption and bribery. I will then go on to give examples of major corruption and bribery scandals that companies have recently been in and what has been done to punish said companies for their crime. Intro Corruption is defined in the Merriam-Webster Dictionary as “dishonest or illegal behavior especially by powerful people (such as government officials or police officers), the act of corrupting someone or something, and something that has been changed from its original form”. (Merriam-Webster) Bribery is defined as “something valuable (such as money) that is given in order to get someone to do something”. (Merriam-Webster). A bribe can be from person to person, company to company, or even country to country and it is considered a crime in most parts of the world. Many would agree that there is a lot of bribery and corruption in modern day politics as well as International companies, but I will not be going into that for it is another huge topic. “Bribery and corruption are major obstacles to socio-economic development and distort national and international economic relations.” (IBE) This corruption is seen as an unfair advantage for companies with a lot of money to throw away to get what they want and is considered very unethical in the eyes...
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...|ethical issues internationally | |ETHICAL ISSUES INTERNATIONALLY | | | | | |Zach Thompson | | | |Assignment 1, Org 320, February 17, 2009 | | | |Brevard College | | | |B. B. Boerner ...
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...governments, it is written, rigid and supreme, i.e. laws of the nation must conform to it. The governments, union or state, are formed through elections held every five years, by having the majority of members in their respective lower houses. CORRUPTION IS WIDESPREAD IN INDIA, SAYS THE US REPORT…. Corruption in India is a major issue that adversely affects its economy. A study conducted by Transparency International in year 2005 found that more than 62% of Indians had firsthand experience of paying bribes or influence peddling to get jobs done in public offices successfully. In its study conducted in year 2008, Transparency International reports about 40% of Indians had firsthand experience of paying bribes or using a contact to get a job done in public office.[4] In 2012 India has ranked 94th out of 176 countries in Transparency International's Corruption Perceptions Index, tied with Benin, Colombia, Djibouti, Greece, Moldova, Mongolia, and Senegal. Most of the largest sources of corruption in India are entitlement programmes and social spending schemes enacted by the Indian government. Examples include Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act and National Rural Health Mission. Other daily sources of corruption include India's trucking industry which is forced to pay billions in bribes annually to numerous regulatory and police stops on its interstate highways. Indian media has widely...
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