...During the last four decades an increasingly important role has been assigned to the study of macroeconomic adjustments in open economies. Partly, this reflects the fact that economies are being increasingly more interdependent and need to be coordinated at the international level. The openness of trade and the increasing mobility of capital internationally are primarily responsible for macroeconomic interdependence. In the early 1930s economists sought to apply price theory to explain the aggregate exports and imports and they viewed the exchange rate as the relative price of commodities traded internationally. However, because of the advent of the development of national accounts they started to treat the trade balance as a component of the national account, not only domestic account. They applied the Keynes’s writings to explain the balance of payment, which became an integral part of the theory that explains the dynamics of adjustments in the stock of money and overall trade balance. This approach uses IS-LM-BP framework to explain the changes that will occur in an economy as an effect of using monetary or fiscal policy, and how those changes will differ when the country operates under different capital mobilities and under floating or fixed exchange rates. One of the three components of this model, the IS curve, shows all of the possible combinations of income and the interest rates in the goods market. The LM curve relates to the interest rates and output on the money...
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...©2010 International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 - 8887) Volume 1 – No. 17 Routing Approaches in Delay Tolerant Networks: A Survey R. J. D'Souza National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, India Johny Jose National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, India ABSTRACT Delay Tolerant Networks (DTNs) have evolved from Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET). It is a network, where contemporaneous connectivity among all nodes doesn’t exist. This leads to the problem of how to route a packet from one node to another, in such a network. This problem becomes more complex, when the node mobility also is considered. The researchers have attempted to address this issue for over a decade. They have found that communication is possible in such a challenged network. The design of routing protocol for such networks is an important issue. This work surveys the literature and classifies the various routing approaches. discontinuity in the network. There are also methods that have employed additional mobile nodes, to provide better message delivery. Researchers are even exploring how the social interaction of humans can be utilized for routing in a DTN. This survey has made an extensive study of the various routing strategies taken by the researchers in the past few years. We have classified them based on the type of knowledge used for routing. 2. FLOODING BASED APPROACHES Knowledge about the network helps in deciding the best next hop. It can happen that the...
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...J Fam Econ Iss (2012) 33:231–249 DOI 10.1007/s10834-012-9302-7 ORIGINAL PAPER The Generation Y’s Working Encounter: A Comparative Study of Hong Kong and other Chinese Cities Hong-kin Kwok Published online: 7 March 2012 Ó Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012 Abstract Understanding the encounter of different generations may be a determining factor in the success of organizations. In order to have a clear understanding about the new generation, this article examines the working encounter of Generation Y. Generation Y in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and four cities in mainland China were studied. How the social environment influenced their attitudes and behavior in work and geographical mobility, and how geographical mobility created problems to the migrants were studied. We find that the Generation Y in Hong Kong is facing more competition than the Generation Y in mainland. In geographical mobility, most of the respondents accept geographical mobility. The findings provide some insights on how the social environment shapes the generation. Keywords China Á Generation Y Á Geographical mobility Á Globalization Introduction Nowadays, human resource managers and owners are becoming interested in how to recruit, manage, and work with people from different generations in the workplace. Understanding the attitudes of different generations will be H. Kwok Department of Sociology and Social Policy, Lingnan University, 8 Castle Peak...
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...AGREEMENT FOR STUDIES The Student Last name (s) | Krawiec | First name (s) | Jaroslaw | Date of birth | 04.12.1991 | Nationality | Polish | Sex [M/F] | M | Academic year | 2014/2015 | Study cycle | Bachelor | Subject area,Code | ISO 3166 | Phone | +48609158799 | E-mail | jaroslaw.krawiec@op.pl | The Sending Institution Name | University of Lodz | Faculty | Management | Erasmus code (if applicable) | PL LODZ01 | DepartmentAddress | 90-237 LODZ Łódź ul. Matejki 22/26 | Address | ul. Narutowicza 65PL-90-131 Lodz | Country, Country code | POLANDPL | Contact person name | Dr Małgorzata Kołodziejczak | Contact person e-mail / phone | mkolodziejczak@uni.lodz.pl | The Receiving Institution Name | University of Coimbra | Faculty | Economics | Erasmus code (if applicable) | P COIMBRA01 | DepartmentAddress | University of Coimbra Av. Dias da Silva, 165 | Address | | Country, Country code | 3004-512 COIMBRA, PORTUGAL | Contact person name | Filomena Marques de Carvalho | Contact person e-mail / phone | dri@uc.pt | [Additional contact persons that the sending or the receiving institution wants to introduce can be added in this box.] ------------------------------------------------- * For Guidelines, please look at Annex 1, for end notes please look at Annex 2. * Section to be completed BEFORE THE MOBILITY I. PROPOSED MOBILITY PROGRAMME Planned period of the mobility: from 15.09.2014 till 07.02.2015 Table A: Study programme...
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...October 29, 2014 IS 206GENDER ANALYSIS AND DEVELOPMENT THE IMPACT OF INEQUALITY Box 1: COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON INEQUALITY AND SOCIAL MOBILITY ACROSS OECD AND LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES Presented by Del Mundo, Maria Naida Box 2: SOCIAL AND POLITICAL COHESION, SOCIAL TOLERANCE OF INEQUALITY Presented by Gutierrez, Cherry Lou THE IMPACT OF INEQUALITY ABSTRACT October 29, 2014 There is growing evidence and recognition on the powerful and corrosive effects of inequality on economic growth, poverty, social mobility and political cohesion. This paper finds that the real and potential impacts of inequality in relation to economic growth, poverty, social mobility, social stability and cohesion. KEYWORDS: Inequality, Economic Growth, Poverty, Social Mobility, Political Cohesion, Gender I. INTRODUCTION In relation to the worldwide gender gap, in so far as inequality also exist in political imbalance in the Philippines distinguished through the partisan move of a party, wherein, such intent, policies and term of their advocacy is their ultimate road map and reluctantly to engage in the opponent’s adherence. Colonial mindset, attributable to the Spanish era wherein their colonial stay in the country portrays the strictness and conservative ways in precluding to whom or to which is one’s belief will end up to, and upon the continuance of the American regime, where westernized ways has gotten in the minds of the Filipinos, that every choice of an American decision draws correct conclusion...
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...GLOBAL LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT BUS 439 Lori Wieters 08/01/2011 The development of globally competent leaders has been widely recognized as a critical factor in the future success of multinational companies. It is no surprise that global leadership development is one of the key human resource issues of chief executives in multinational firms a shortage of global leaders is becoming an increasing problem for multinational companies, slowing down and sometimes hindering the implementation of global strategies and leading to lower bottom-line results. Organizations are struggling today to identify both current and future global leaders, they are also failing to help these global leaders to acquire the skills and best practices necessary to succeed in the face of greater globalization. Most global leadership development programs fail primarily due to the lack of a coordinated internal process to create, flexible, and visionary leaders who can hold multiple perspectives in different environments. Some of the issues associated with global leadership development occurs where “a lot of career politics are associated with getting visibility early in the eyes of top management so that one will be given the challenging jobs that count. How- ever, there are real dilemmas associated with the age when potential should be identified—early or late?” (Evans, P., Pucik, V., Bjorkman, I., p. 336). The challenge is the amount of time, effort and investment it takes to develop globally...
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...ILS Discussion Paper Series 2012 ASEAN 2015: Implications of People Mobility and Services Mary Grace L. Riguer Working Paper Series 2012 For Discussion Purposes Only ASEAN 2015: IMPLICATIONS OF PEOPLE MOBILITY AND SERVICES Mary Grace L. Riguer The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the opinion of the Institute for Labor Studies and the Department of Labor and Employment. Abstract This paper examines the readiness of Philippines for worker mobility within the region of Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). It focuses on the implications of the impending establishment of the ASEAN Economic Community by 2015 as specifically governed by rules and regional commitments on free flow services, mutual recognition of qualifications and skills, movement of natural persons, and movement of skilled labor. 1 I. INTRODUCTION It is 2016 Filipinos can freely move for work anywhere in the nine (9) countries that comprise the Association of Southeast Asian Nations or ASEAN. Indonesians, Malaysians, Singaporeans, Bruneians, Myanmar, Cambodians, Vietnamese, Laotians can also do the same in the Philippines. Just the previous year, in 2015, the ASEAN Economic Community, as envisioned by ASEAN leaders in 2007, formally came to being, ushering in a region with a single market and production base characterized by free flow of goods, free flow of services, free flow of investment, freer flow of capital, and free flow...
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...Executive Summary This paper examines the rate of upward mobility on the lower, middle and upper class. The data suggest that even after controlling for differences between non-college graduates and college graduates —including such factors as age and location— it is far less likely to move up in social class and/or acquire substantial power if a person is not born of parents with said class and/or power. On average, individuals earning 100,000 or more a year, come from homes where their parents or guardian made 100,000 or more per year. The impact of an affluent family was even bigger in occupations where technical skills are more prevalent, such as doctors, lawyers, and chemists. Those individuals who came from an affluent household were 85 percentage more likely to graduate and gain employment making six figures. Those individuals that did not come from an affluent house hold were 75 percent more likely to be involved in criminal activity, underage pregnancy and not make over 30,000 a year. Recent studies propose that there is less economic mobility in the United States than has long been acknowledged. The last twenty years has seen a significant drop-off in median household income growth interrelated to earlier generations. My findings demonstrate that individuals who come from homes netting higher income per year place their offspring in better financial standing, hence better chance of upward mobility than an individual that is from a home netting a lower, middle to...
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...This article was downloaded by: [Lahore University of Management Sciences] On: 02 May 2015, At: 09:58 Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Anatolia: An International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Research Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rana20 Understanding the influence of interpersonal relationships on identity and tourism travel Julia F. Hibbert a b a , Janet E. Dickinson & Susanna Curtin a a School of Tourism, Bournemouth University , Fern Barrow, Poole , BH12 5BB , United Kingdom b School of Business and Economics, Linnaeus University , Kalmar , Sweden Published online: 25 Jan 2013. To cite this article: Julia F. Hibbert , Janet E. Dickinson & Susanna Curtin (2013) Understanding the influence of interpersonal relationships on identity and tourism travel, Anatolia: An International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Research, 24:1, 30-39, DOI: 10.1080/13032917.2012.762313 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13032917.2012.762313 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness...
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...GLOBAL LEADERSHIP GLOBAL LEADER INTERVIEW Introduction: I interviewed Augusto Bulte, he is proposal manger in Foster Wheeler U.S.A, He got his bachelor degree in marine engineering from Spain then he completed his post graduate studies in Chemical Engineering. He started his career with Foster Wheeler (FW) Iberia in Spain then he moved to management position after spending twelve years in technical work in power generation group. He works in US.A as expat to deal with global contract negotiations. Interview Questions and Discussions: 1. When you think about your career as a manager, certain events or episodes stand out in your mind--things that changed you in some way and have ultimately shaped you as an executive. Please choose three of these experiences that have had a lasting impact on you as a manager or executive in international work. When I meet with you, I will ask you about each of these "key events" in your career: What happened? What did you learn from it (for better or worse)? Mr. Augusto Bulte: I will start with my experience with Foster Wheeler Poland; we had to negotiate a contract with Poland Natural Gas (PLNG) Company, it is a national company that follows procedures dictated by polish law not like ExxonMobil or Shell. Dealing with national company in Poland means that you have to bid exactly what they ask for, there is no room for deviation or tolerance; we had to search for sub-contractor to complete the required scope of supply. Our first proposal...
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...concerns held by the very people who purchase these “smartphones,” the consumer, because they are ever changing as well. The contents of this paper will demonstrate how Motorola Inc. almost missed the smartphone wave and as a result was headed for disaster. However, being the resilient, smart, and innovative company they are, Motorola bounced back. Reorganizing the company, paired with an effective marketing mix which lead them to segment and properly target a market, and focusing on consumer behaviors such as their needs, wants, and motivation to purchase was the key to Motorola’s dominating comeback. Keywords: Motorola, Motivation, Needs, Consumer, Segmentation, Halo Effect, Enterprise, Demographics, Customer Loyalty. Motorola Mobility Inc. Analysis The name Motorola comes from the word “motor” which implies motion, and "ola" referred to sound. "Sound in motion." (Mullman, 2010) Over the past years Motorola has become a household name, a staple for business communication, and a titan within the world of telecommunications through relentless innovations and the ability to create ease in people’s lives paired with catchy slogans such as “Hello Moto.” Motorola takes pride on being unique and solving “relevant” consumer problems and fulfilling their technical needs. However, Woyke (2011) reported that in 2008, Motorola was experiencing trouble trying to respond to the newly released iPhone and dealing with an economy headed towards a recession. In an attempt revive the company...
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...CPA mobility: Mia Takamatsu Kurt Inouye Jay Kang Hyosun Kang Table of Contents Introduction.............................................................................................................................. 3 States of the bill....................................................................................................................... 4 Isaac Choy Interview:............................................................................................................... 5 If CPA mobility law passes, how much percentage of your clients do you think you will lose? 5 What makes Hawaii laws that much more stricter or complex compared to the mainland? 5 Do you see the need for CPA mobility, Hawaii’s cpa’s can practice in other states, but when other CPA’s come here they cannot? Reciprocity laws are only in Massachusetts, and Georgia............................................... 5 How long can Hawaii stay out from CPA mobility?............................................................................................ 5 How many more laws do we need to support the CPA mobility bill?................................................. 5 Do you think the quality of Hawaii’s accounting industry will go down or up?................ 5 Who is Jill Tokuda, why would she introduce the bill?............................................................................... 6 Who do you think would be good to contact for issues regarding...
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...countries resulted in the nations losing their economic and productivity potentials. Similarly, according to Portes, the concept of ‘brain drain’ was mainly harmful for the native countries as it resulted in the development of the North and backwardness of the Southern countries. Phase-2 (1970s-1990s) The reviews from a majority of the scholars concluded that the concept of ‘brain drain’ is in fact not beneficial for the native country as it usually results in the host country gaining benefits from the inflow of qualified skilled workers and depriving the sending country of this human capital and potential. The solutions suggested to reduce this include the implementation of migration policies and to create and fortify the role of the International Organizations and Institutions to manage these migration flows. During 1970s, brain drain was often...
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...CASE STUDY :Just another move to China Question 1 : Over the years, the MacDoughals have been on numbers of international assignements -Chicago, Philadelphia and now Singapore - . Lachlan, the husband has been offered an international assignement to China, which makes it a little bit difficult for the entire family to move as his wife, Lisa enjoys her current job in Singapore and is finally looking forward to focusing more on her career and their daughters, Emily and Amélia are already attached to their lives in Singapore. In addition, they all have the permanent Singaporean residency. The MacDoughals definitely fit into a rare and valuable category of people multinational firms are looking for. In Fact, they have proven their ability to work and adapt in international environnements : From their first move to Chicago to their last in China, the MacDoughals managed to adapt to a highly « individualistic » and short term oriented American culture, to a more hierarchical Singaporean environnement and finally to a highly collectivist and masculine Chineese society. Futhermore, they have shown other important qualities such as stress management, international and family mobility as well as leadership abilities that are essential to multinationnal firms when it comes to showcasing social skills and personality. QUESTION 2 : Reflecting on Lisa’s Dual career trailing spouse journey, she could have approached the situation differently by firstly making some extensive...
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...expand their international sales. The growth of the knowledge-based society, along with the pressures of opening up emerging markets, has led cutting-edge global companies to recognize now more than ever that human resources and intellectual capital are as significant as financial assets in building sustainable competitive advantage. To follow their lead, chief executives in other multinational companies will have to bridge the yawning chasm between their companies' human resources rhetoric and reality. H.R. must now be given a prominent seat in the boardroom. Good H.R. management in a multinational company comes down to getting the right people in the right jobs in the right places at the right times and at the right cost. These international managers must then be meshed into a cohesive network in which they quickly identify and leverage good ideas worldwide. [pic]Such an integrated network depends on executive continuity. This in turn requires career management to insure that internal qualified executives are readily available when vacancies occur around the world and that good managers do not jump ship because they have not been recognized. Very few companies come close to achieving this. Most multinational companies do not have the leadership capital they need to perform effectively in all their markets around the world. One reason is the lack of managerial mobility. Neither companies nor individuals have come to terms with the role that managerial mobility now has to...
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