...The Qualitative Report Volume 14 Number 1 March 2009 42-60 http://www.nova.edu/ssss/QR/QR14-1/diaz-andrade.pdf Interpretive Research Aiming at Theory Building: Adopting and Adapting the Case Study Design Antonio Díaz Andrade The University of Auckland Business School, Auckland, New Zealand Although the advantages of case study design are widely recognised, its original positivist underlying assumptions may mislead interpretive researchers aiming at theory building. The paper discusses the limitations of the case study design for theory building and explains how grounded theory systemic process adds to the case study design. The author reflects upon his experience in conducting research on the articulation of both traditional social networks and new virtual networks in six rural communities in Peru, using both case study design and grounded theory in a combined fashion in order to discover an emergent theory. Key Words: Case Study, Interpretive Approach, Theory Building, and Grounded Theory Introduction Researchers adopting a case study design face a number of challenges in making their argument. Yin (2003) himself warns researchers who adopt a case study design to be conscious that their findings will be challenged and prefaces his book enumerating the alleged weaknesses in the case study; a methodology that downgrades the academic disciplines and lacks sufficient precision, objectivity, and rigour. We should note that those warnings come from an author who operates from...
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...representations, offer untapped potential for design research reporting, not just field of historical design. Te in term s of facilitating com munications during the mpts by designers to make sense of the broader the potential of ethnographic design process, but also as a record of ongoing atte representation methods for design. Keywords: Ethnography in design, Ethnographic writing, Ethnographic representation st projects by design students show 1. Introduction Ethnography is often viewed as a specialized area within reveal and preserve cultural knowledge, using methods such the larger activity of cultural anthropology, seeking to as interviewing or cultural submersion to discover important values. Since design is also a profession that a ddresses cultural m eaning in the creation of sym bolically significant new products and services, it has been natural fo r the field of design research to turn to ethnography for inspiration. However, designers and design educators, like m yself, have tended to embrace ethnographic fieldwork methods rather than the interpretive m ethods of ethnogr aphic w riting. D esigners seldom...
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...------------------------------------------------- communication January 4, 2016 January 4, 2016 1 The three methodologies contain the social science method, the informational method, and the precarious method. Every method is based on unlike conventions, has unlike disadvantages, and creates unique assistances to our considerate of the association between communication and culture. (www.slideshare.net, n.d.) 2 An arrangement of presumptions, recommendations, or acknowledged actualities that endeavors to give a conceivable or discerning clarification of circumstances and effect (causal) connections among a gathering of observed phenomenon. The word's beginning, stresses the way that all theories are mental models of the apparent reality. (www.businessdictionary.com, n.d.) 3 A paradigm is a global view or a usual of expectations about how possessions work. Paradigm as mutual considerations of actuality qualitative and Computable research approaches include very changed expectations around how research must be accompanied and the part of the researcher. (www.researchgate.net, n.d.) 4 The study of communication is of specific attention nowadays as of speedy growth in new skill for creating and conveying information. However, communication scholars agree that, although the explosion of communication technologies, the social communication difficulties we have nowadays are not essentially changed from those that persons knowledgeable hundreds...
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...review of the positivist and interpretive paradigms and discussion on how they are both related to the proposed study 'Chinese culture on learning and the use of meta-cognitive language-learning strategies at an institute of vocational education in Hong Kong'. By Manfred Wu "I certify that this work is entirely my own and has not been accepted as part of a submission to another degree course" _________________________ Word Length: 5,964 Abstract This paper begins with a review of the positivist and interpretive paradigms. After the description of a proposed study on Chinese values on learning and use of meta-cognitive language-learning strategies (MCLLS), how the study emerges from the two paradigms is discussed. Discussions show that the aims of the study of gathering descriptive data and exploring relationships between the two variables as well as the use of survey method are more pertained to the positivist paradigm as it shares features with the paradigm including a high degree of control over responses, use of statistics both for descriptive and for determining relationships and researchers being detached by adopting the role of an objective and passive informant. Other aims of generating insights on the two selected concepts, collecting information from respondents' frame of reference, focusing on the whole institutional setting and the use of semi-structured interview are more pertained to the interpretive paradigm. It is because the...
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...years is $735.03. ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 27-1 NAT: Analytic LOC: The Study of economics, and definitions of economics TOP: Present value MSC: Applicative 2. If a savings account pays 5 percent annual interest, then the rule of 70 tells us that the account value will double in approximately 14 years. ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 27-1 NAT: Analytic LOC: The Study of economics, and definitions of economics TOP: Compounding MSC: Applicative 3. The present value of $100 to be paid in two years is less than the present value of $100 to be paid in three years. ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 27-1 NAT: Analytic LOC: The Study of economics, and definitions of economics TOP: Present value MSC: Analytic 4. The future value of $1 saved today is $1/(1 + r). ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 27-1 NAT: Analytic LOC: The Study of economics, and definitions of economics TOP: Present value MSC: Analytical 5. The present value of any future sum of money is the amount that would be needed today, at current interest rates, to produce that future sum. ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 27-1 NAT: Analytic LOC: The Study of economics, and definitions of economics TOP: Present value MSC: Interpretive 6. The sooner a payment is received and the higher the interest rate, the greater the present value of a future payment. ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 27-1 NAT: Analytic LOC: The Study of economics, and definitions of economics TOP: Present value MSC: Analytical 7. A company that can build a project that will cost $50,000, but returns...
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...HOW AN UNDERSTANDING OF PSYCHOLOGY AND/OR CULTURE CAN HELP MANAGERS THINK CLEARLY ABOUT RISK AND UNCERTAINTY By SALAMI, SIKIRU ADIO Matric No.: 129022064 BEING A TERM PAPER PRESENTED TO PROFESSOR R.O. AYORINDE PROGRAMME: MASTERS OF RISK MANAGEMENT DEPARTMENT: Department of Insurance & Actuarial Science FACULTY: Business Administration University of Lagos April, 2014 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION PEOPLE’S ATTITUDE TOWARDS RISK CUTURE THEORY CHRONICLING RISK CULTURE STRENGTHENING RISK CULTURE Road Map For Continuous Cultural Improvement MEASURING CORPORATE CULTURE CULTURE PERSPECTIVE -Functionalist and interpretive view of culture ATTAINING RISK MATURITY CONCLUSION REFERENCES INTRODUCTION This paper intends to examine the influence of culture, and psychology of human behaviour on the appreciation of risk and uncertainty. In other words, the paper seeks to provide managers with the proper tools to develop sound responses to risk based on objective analysis of facts in lieu of distorted cultural biases and shallow psychological influences. Effort would be made to chronicle how our responses to risk are often influenced by heuristic biases, psychometric paradigms, and emotional literacy. These influences form the attitudes that become mental hurdles to approaching risk objectively and proactively. Risk in general terms is the possibility of deviation from expectations. Risk covers the entire spectrum of known and unknown possibilities...
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... I. PROJECT DESCRIPTION A. Project Title: Project HEART (Helping Each pupil in Attaining Reading Transformation) B. Type of Project: EDUCATIONAL C. Project Proponent: TEACHER’S LOVE GROUP D. Project Beneficiaries: 62 PUPILS WITHIN THE FRUSTRATION LEVEL E. Location of Beneficiaries: DON ROMANO MEMORIAL ELEMENTARY SCHOOL F. Date of Implementation: JULY 2016 – FEBRUARY 2016 G. Budget Requirement: Php 31,100 II. BACKGROUND/SITUATION ANALYSIS Don Romano Memorial Elementary School is located in Brgy. Talavera, Taganaan, Surigao del Norte. It has a population of 348 pupils. It caters Kindergarten to Grade 6. Based on the Phil-IRI result for school year 2015-2016 (refer to IX. Attachments No. 1), sixty-two out of 348 pupils are within the frustration level. When a child is no longer able to decode, analyze, and evaluate text, he is said to have reached his frustration level. This result is a problem since their academic performance in other subjects was also affected. Thus, the purpose of this project is to aid the pupils by transforming them from frustration level to instructional level until they reach the independent level in order to improve their academic performance. This project also aims to inculcate to the pupils the love for reading and its importance to the society. III. PROJECT OBJECTIVES ...
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...CONTENTS Page Cover Page 1 Table of Contents 2 Introduction 3 1. Multiple Perspective; Modern, Symbolic-Interpretive and Postmodern 3-4 Perspective on Organization Structure and Cultural 2. Modern Perspective 4-5 3. Symbolic-Interpretive Perspective 5-6 4. Postmodern Perspective 6 5. Multi-perspective Advantage & Disadvantage 6-7 6. Conclusion 8 Reference list 9-10 Word count: 1963 words Introduction Nowadays, organizations are becoming more and more complex. This may due to the globalization, advancement in technology and derelegulation of the market. From the past till now, we can learn about an organisation through theories and different perspectives that developed by different theorists. We need to understand the organisation in different ways and different perspective in order to face any problems that deal with different organization phenomena. Here comes in the Multiple Perspectives, where includes the – modern, symbolic-interpretive and postmodern perspectives, where they provide different theories and perspectives for us to be the tools to build the idea of what an organization is and how to organize. Multiple Perspective; Modern, Symbolic-Interpretive and Postmodern According to Hatch and Cunliffe (2006), different ways of looking...
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...decisions.| ____ 2. Moira decides to spend two hours taking a nap rather than attending her classes. Her opportunity cost of napping is a.|the value of the knowledge she would have received had she attended class.| b.|the $30 she could have earned if she had worked at her job for those two hours.| c.|the value of her nap less the value of attending class.| d.|nothing, since she would valued sleep more than attendance at class.| ____ 3. An increase in the overall level of prices in an economy is referred to as a.|the income effect.| b.|inflation.| c.|deflation.| d.|the substitution effect.| ____ 4. An economic outcome is said to be efficient if the economy is a.|using all of the scarce resources it has available.| b.|conserving on resources, rather than using all available resources.| c.|getting all it can get from the scarce resources it has available.| d.|able to produce more than what is currently being produced without additional resources.| ____ 5. When an economy is operating at a point on its production possibilities frontier, then a.|consumers are content with the mix of goods and services that is being produced.| b.|there is no way to produce more of one good without producing less of the other.| c.|equal amounts of the two goods are being produced.| d.|All of the above are correct.| Figure 2-8 |Panel (a)||Panel (b)| || ____ 6. Refer to Figure 2-8, Panel (a). The opportunity cost of moving from point J to point L is a.|2 donuts.| b.|2 donuts and 2 cups of coffee...
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...CHAPTER 4 Research Methodology and Design 4.1 Introduction All research is based on some underlying philosophical assumptions about what constitutes 'valid' research and which research method(s) is/are appropriate for the development of knowledge in a given study. In order to conduct and evaluate any research, it is therefore important to know what these assumptions are. This chapter discusses the philosophical assumptions and also the design strategies underpinning this research study. Common philosophical assumptions were reviewed and presented; the interpretive paradigm was identified for the framework of the study. In addition, the chapter discusses the research methodologies, and design used in the study including strategies, instruments, and data collection and analysis methods, while explaining the stages and processes involved in the study. The research design for this study is a descriptive and interpretive case study that is analysed through qualitative methods. Questionnaires were used to evaluate participants’ WebCT skills (before the course starts) and to determine their levels of satisfaction in the course (at the end of the case study). A descriptive statistical method was used to analyze the student satisfaction survey. Participant observation, face-to-face interviews, focus-group interviews, questionnaires, and member checking were used as data collection methods. Furthermore, the justification for each of the data collection methods used in the study was...
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...UNIVERSITY OF NAMIBIA LIZEL MUTELO 201207003 RELIGION AND SPIRITUALITY ASSIGNMENT 2 Explanation and Interpretation: three accounts When we are dealing with human subjects, their forms of thought, their types of practice, what are the respective roles of explanation and interpretation, however finely or coarsely they are distinguished? This summary discusses three accounts that can help us understand the roles of explanation and interpretation in studying or dealing with human subjects and these are the exclusivism account, the inclusive account, and the interactionism account. The exclusive account/position holds that interpretation and explanation exclude one another. The inclusive position maintains that explanation is and must be subordinated to interpretation. Inclusivists hold that the enterprise of interpretation always encapsulates explanatory pursuits. The interactionism account, proposes that interpretation and explanation inform each other. Novel interpretations employ the categories of theories already in place, whereas novel explanations depend upon the discovery of new theories which, in turn, depends upon the sort of reorganization of knowledge that interpretative pursuits involve. On the interactive view these two processes complement one another. The Exclusivism Account Exclusivism takes two forms, one emphasizing the centrality of explanation, the other the centrality of interpretation. The...
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...Identify the issues ASC 605-25 If a vendor does not have vendor-specific objective evidence or thirdparty evidence of selling price for the undelivered elements in an arrangement, the revenue associated with both delivered and undelivered elements are combined into one unit of accounting. Any revenue attributable to the delivered products is then deferred and recognized as the undelivered elements are delivered by the vendor. An Additionally, eliminating the residual method of allocation will improve financial reporting because the relative selling price method spreads any discount in an arrangement across all of the deliverables in that arrangement rather than allocating the entire discount to the delivered items. However, this change will require a vendor to estimate a selling price for delivered items regardless of whether vendor-specific objective evidence or third-party evidence of selling price exists for these items. . 605-25-25-5 In an arrangement with multiple deliverables, the delivered item or items shall be considered a separate unit of accounting if both all of the following criteria are met: a. The delivered item or items have value to the customer on a standalone basis. The item or items have value on a standalone basis if they are sold separately by any vendor or the customer could resell the delivered item(s) on a standalone basis. In the context of a customer’s ability to resell the delivered item(s), this criterion does not require...
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...Part A: Theorising the organisation (worth 50% of the overall marks for the assignment) Modern, symbolic-interpretive, post-modern and critical theory perspectives provide us different ways to analyse and understand organisations and organisational behaviour. Choose two of the four theoretical perspectives and discuss how each perspective provides us different ways to analyse and understand organisations and organisational behaviour. The two perspectives that I have chosen are the Modernist perspective and Symbolic-interpretive perspective. A Modernist perspective caaries the believe that the very idea of knowledge would never be complete and that behind every fact hides many more. It is with this believe that followers of the perspective would analyse the world by testing the ideas they gather against the very nature they observe using their five senses. Results from this tests, should they always return the same result, would than be considered a fact. This fact is than considered a ‘truth’ and is thus treasured and recorded. One of the main studies that is the result of such a perspective that of the General System Theory, originally put forth by Bertalanffy from as early as 1950. The study was concerned with the ways in which individuals and groups bond and is used to identify the presence of systems and the way they interrelate with each other to form other systems or to become part of a system themselves. He noted that the subsystems, systems present within...
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...Deep South Alan W. Bartona* and Sarah J. Leonardb a b Downloaded By: [University at Buffalo, the State University of New York (SUNY)] At: 06:29 3 November 2010 Social Sciences, Delta State University, DSU Box 3264, Cleveland MS 38733, USA; The College Board, Chicago, USA Tourism can serve as a vehicle for sustainable community development by contributing to equity and social justice. This happens as tourists learn about marginal groups through educational tourism, engage in development projects with host-area residents, undertake pilgrimages that bring greater meaning and cohesiveness to an ethnic identity, or encounter stories that transform their view of social injustice and spur further action to reduce inequities. Tourism planning can produce a sense of reconciliation when it brings historically divided groups together. An example is found in Tallahatchie County, Mississippi, where a group of white and African American residents are collaborating to develop tourism projects designed around a narrative of reconciliation, while they use the process of tourism planning to work towards racial reconciliation within their community. This case illustrates strategies tourism planners employ and challenges they face when they envision tourism as more than merely a means of economic growth. Keywords: heritage tourism; Mississippi Delta; racial reconciliation; social justice; sustainable community development The advantages of tourism to rural communities are generally painted...
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...critique of F Demie’s ‘Achievement of Black Caribbean pupils: good practice in Lambeth schools’, which is an interpretive study by Feyisa Demie Jan McKenley, Chris Power, and Louise Ishani. The LEA provided the funding for this research project. The aim of the research according to Demie was to ‘Identify a number of significant common themes for success in raising the achievement of Caribbean heritage pupils’. In order to analyse these achievement rates, Researchers looked at good practise in Lambeth schools. Demie does not provide the reader with any clues in regard to the researchers’ backgrounds and qualifications. One cannot learn from the report under analysis whether Demie et al were LEA employees with a task to prepare a ground for future policy making. Demie et al chose to study 10 primary and 3 secondary schools in the Lambeth region, where the rates of Black Caribbean performance were reported to be above national and LEA (Local Education Authority) averages. The aim of the investigation was to identify the factors enabling pupils of Black Caribbean origin to achieve high standards in British schools, and to track ‘significant common themes for success in raising the achievement’ (Demie, 2005) of Black Caribbean pupils. Researchers used a subjectivist and interpretive viewpoint throughout the study. Crotty (1989, p. 83) states that a modern interpretive researcher examines ‘Experience from ‘the point of view’ or ‘perspective’ of the subject”, “experience as people...
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