...Exploring Psychological and Ethical Egoism I disagree Kant’s philosophy when he assumed his criticism of speculative reason that whatever is universal and necessary in our knowledge must come from the mind itself, and not from the world of reality outside us. Like Utilitarianism, Kant’s moral theory is grounded in a theory of intrinsic value. But where the utilitarian take happiness, conceived of as pleasure and the absence of pain to be what has intrinsic value, Kant takes the only think to have moral worth for its own sake to be the good will. Persons, conceived of as autonomous rational moral agents, are beings that have intrinsic moral worth. This value of persons makes them deserving of moral respect. Kant’s moral theory is often referred to as the "respect for persons" theory of morality. Create a thread in this forum and provide an example that would support Kant's statement: "Act in such a way that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or in the person of another, always at the same time as an end and never simply as means." One good example is when I preach to my kids about respect each other’s and not do anything bad that may end with unhappiness results, like the use of violence or hurting others around them. I remember that morning when I considered myself as a civilian with 3 kids and my wife. I could not believe that this was happening, and instantly my reactions were to go and secure my kids from school. Later, when I came to the house I found...
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...there have been a number of ethical approaches towards the environment trying to tackle and provide moral guidelines on how to treat and use the earth. During the course of this essay I will attempt to outline a few of the main secular and religious approaches to environmental issues and then through evaluation come up with a conclusion on which I feel is the best to follow. To make a good environmental theory, the ethical approach must provide moral guidelines for governments, big businesses and individuals alike. One secular theory, which tries to achieve this, is Conservationism. The conservationist theory aims to look at the value of that the environment has to humans and how looking after it and using it will affect us. The conservationist approach takes a shallow ecology approach, which believes that the earth has instrumental value. This means that if lowering the carbon emissions to protect the Maldives will benefit human life then a conservationist approach will argue that this is a good thing to do. The conservationist approach can be closely linked to Bentham’s hedonistic approach to Utilitarianism, sharing the ‘ if its beneficial enough to humans then we will do it but we wont bother if its too much work’ approach, which is also a secular theory. This anthropocentric view is useful when looking at ways to ensure individuals to there bit as it holds the moral opinion that by helping the earth you help humans in the long run, however it is somewhat flimsy and fails...
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...Analyze the ethical dilemma faced by Antonio Incidents such as these - and today's heightened sensitivity to the risks of the insider threat - force organizations to redefine their screening strategies as part of their risk management approach. No longer is the focus solely on pre-hire background screening. Increasingly, organizations are engaging in continual screening, to catch anomalous activity that could be a precursor to actionable behavior. And they also are embracing policies and procedures to handle damaging data when it comes to light about current or acquired employees. How fraud occurs within organizations can be understood by examining the elements that comprise such actions. At an individual level, SAS No. 99 (Consideration of Fraud in a Financial Statement Audit) issued by the Auditing Standards Board indicates that the occupational fraud triangle comprises three conditions that are generally present when a fraud occurs. These conditions include an incentive or pressure that provides a reason to commit fraud (personal financial problems or unrealistic performance goals), an opportunity for fraud to be perpetrated (weaknesses in the internal controls), and an attitude that enables the individual to rationalize the fraud. At the organizational level, leadership, organizational culture and management control systems form the three points of the organizational fraud triangle (Free, Stein &Macintosh). Create and describe two strategies for addressing the...
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...individual or other individuals to allow to come to a decision on whether that will be the best action however M+B theories only focuses on the foreseen consequences of an action. Act utilitarianism adds flexibility to utilitarianism because it allows a moral agent to act in according to the thing which will benefit the most people in a given situation unlike M+B theory which only considers the bodily utility and pleasure of an action. Act utilitarianism still doesn’t address many issues with M+B theory for example: It still is difficult to define happiness and also it doesn’t address how other things are of intrinsic worth such as love and freedom which makes it difficult to argue that act utilitarianism addresses major problems within M+B theory. Another problem that act utilitarianism doesn’t address is that even if you could give each possible pleasure a numerical value, the consequences of even the smallest of our choices on everyone are so vast that we couldn’t possibly calculate them all. Another problem that it fails to address is that it can be used still to justify almost any action for example; I could argue that it would be for the greatest good to kill of...
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...STRATEGIC ANALYSIS REPORT MUSEUM OF CONTEMPORARY ART Australia University of Technology, Sydney Faculty of Business School of Management Table of Contents INTRODUCTION 3 MISSION & VISION STATEMENTS 4 GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 5 EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS 7 SOCIAL 7 TECHNOLOGICAL 8 POLITICAL 9 ENVIRONMENTAL 9 ECONOMIC 10 INTERNAL CAPABILITY ANALYSIS 11 VRIN 12 S.W.O.T ANALYSIS 14 PROPOSED STRATEGIES 16 STRATEGIC ALLIANCES 18 REQUIRED RESOURCES 20 CONCLUSION 23 REFERENCES 24 INTRODUCTION Located on Sydney’s unique Harbour, one of Australia’s most popular tourist destinations is the Museum of Contemporary Art (MCA). The MCA has been dedicated to displaying, collecting and interpreting contemporary art since it first opened its doors to the public in November 1991 (MCA, 2014). The beginning of the MCA was due to an Australian artist, John Power, who left his fortune to the University of Sydney when he passed away. The University of Sydney, on Power’s request, used this money to educate and inform Australians about contemporary art. This eventually led to the NSW Government donating the old Maritime Services Board premises to the cause. This location is where the MCA remains today. The following paper will analyse critical elements involved in the MCA’s strategic operations. Beginning with the mission, goals and objectives, followed by an external environmental analysis and an internal capability analysis. The majority...
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...Hedonism Vs. Desire Satisfaction Theory Living the “good life” to many that means having lots of money, nice cars and dating beautiful women. However, to philosophers it isn’t that easy, to them living the good life has to do with either the theory of hedonism or desire satisfaction. Hedonism simply means that the only intrinsic good is pleasure and the only intrinsic bad is pain. Desire satisfaction theory is the theory that life is well when our desires our filled and bad when they are not. Both hedonism and desire satisfaction theory have their strengths and weaknesses. Hedonism and desire satisfaction theory are both vague enough to have many different models of the “good life” and they both allow personal authority. Another strength is that hedonism follows common sense, as for the desire satisfaction theory, it avoids objective values therefore he values are always relative to oneself. Now it wouldn’t be philosophy if both these theories didn’t have arguments against them. Although they both sound simple and perfect they have their weaknesses. For hedonism the first argument that could be made against it is that pleasure isn’t the only good in the world. For example someone who is working out might not enjoy the pain during the workout but exercise is good for everyone. A second argument weakness would be that because hedonists don’t let bad news affect them they wouldn’t have motivation to get better because they don’t let bad news bother them. For DST one of...
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...that an action is deemed morally correct if it produces more happiness of all affected by it than any other alternative and wrong if it does not. Utilitarianism provides a clear method for deciding on a course of action that disregards personal confusion. Bentham and Mill both argue different ways in which Utilitarianism can be applied in order to bring about happiness to an individual. However, Utilitarianism on its own has some strengths and weakness. One can argue that it has more strengths than weaknesses, yet in my opinion, it has more weaknesses than strengths. On one hand, Utilitarianism has it strengths that back up the reasons as to why one’s action can bring about pleasure. One main strength is that it gives happiness an intrinsic value. Moreover utilitarianism seems to be in line with our intuitions that harming people is intrinsically wrong. It makes sense that the right course of action is the one that leads to the most happiness and least harm. Bentham’s theory on utilitarianism looks to the consequences of one’s actions, it also is a guarding principle that does not allow discrimination, mainly in the principle of commensurability; in other words it is an equalitarian. In addition it is also not religious; in the modern, multicultural society with a range of religious beliefs and a growing number of atheists, a secular theory is most useful. However, Mill answered a valid criticism of Bentham’s theory, that the pleasure of sadistic torturers is not good. He said...
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...of stakeholder entails a wide array of internally divergent actors. According to the article stakeholder relation management can be viewed from two distinct vantage points. The first approach views stakeholder relation management as a strategic vehicle for furthering underlying aims of the company. The alternative approach views stakeholder relations management as an intrinsic value that should be furthered as a product of its own merits. The issue of effectively managing stakeholder relations has in recent years gained much more prominence and astute companies are in many cases turning to it as a means to increase customer retention/loyalty and thereby positively impact shareholder value. This kind of an approach would allude to the strategic view as the more prevalent vantage point for approaching stakeholder relations management. While a strategic approach might be perceived as inferior to an intrinsic value approach I would like to argue that it is the end rather than the means that ultimately matters. Irrespective of whether actions are pursued based on their value or as vehicles for an ulterior value, the results and implications can be equally profound. For example the Finnish paper...
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...trauma they may have experienced in their country. The staff at Chadwick Center is trained to have available information on the countries and regions of these particular clients. “There is a critical need for an increased number of culturally-and linguistically-relevant Spanish speaking mental health providers at all levels of mental health care” (Gonzales & Ramos-Gonzales, 2005). Here at Chadwick Center the service providers receive adequate training based on the language barrier that the Latin American and Central American countries exist of. Staff conducts ethical standard codes not to judge or based their client’s heritage. The Latino/Hispanic population is a diverse culture group that consists of individuals with their own moral values. Staff should be able to accept the client as the individual they are and not pass judgment based on the client’s ethnicity. Networking and reaching out...
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...on Williams Institute Ethics Awareness Inventory self-assessment and my personal values in conjunction with the management values at Kudler Fine Foods. The summary of this paper will show how ethical decision- making involves three components-awareness, articulation and application that will focus on my personal values and ethics. I will focus on a number of meticulous instances, people and events that shape my beliefs or values. I will also emphasize how these values will affect the decision-making process and the impact on the Kudler Fine Foods company. I would like to implement the Value Theory and Personal value for the purpose of adding structure to my personal assessment. First and foremost, how would I define my personal values? My definition would be, what I believe in and how I am. My personal values build the way I am and shape the way I perceive things. I learned my values from a family oriented home in addition to a village that looked after me when my parents are not around. My mother stayed home and a father who worked out of state and traveled a lot. The majority of my values were urbanized from what I learned all through life. I will improve my values by living and developing better values that will benefit society and me. In doing so I will develop more and improve my values by practicing what is right or wrong. Rules can also provide a path or guideline to improve and expand values that are supplementary positive. Rules can enhance ones ethical advancement, within...
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...Dalman and Lei must focus their attention on the sudden rush of customers throughout all of their locations. Because of the sudden rush, Sandwich Blitz employees have been inputting incorrect orders which would lower customer satisfaction. To counteract such problems, Dalman and Lei have decided to install an e-customer ordering system so that employees will feel less overwhelmed. By applying Kotter’s Eight Steps to Leading Change, it will modernize all of the locations with the new change. Step one establishes a sense of urgency. In other words, Dalman and Lei need to quickly install the new ordering system to minimize ordering errors. Step two creates a guiding coalition, a group of people to lead the change. By the e-mails sent to all of the managers, it is letting them know to be prepared to make the change; which will increase customer satisfaction with the new ordering system. Step three develops vision and strategy. It speaks for itself, have an end goal and a strategy to reach the end goal; reduce ordering errors. Step four communicates the change vision, meaning every channel and opportunity is used to reinforce the vision. Dalman and Lei must make it understanding with all employees what the vision and end goal is. Step five empowers broad-based actions removes anything in the way of the end goal. Therefore, if employees are causing the ordering errors, simply replace them with electronic ordering systems. Step six generates short term wins to slowly work towards the...
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...How does Nihilism affect Hedonism? Farid Guzman BKvt.3 Hedonism and Nihilism are two incredibly interesting philosophies, especially when studied in contrast to each other. Although by the simplest definitions they are opposites, they actually have a lot in common. In fact, it s entirely possible for one to occur as a result of the other. Both are very common in modern Western society, although for the most part extreme hedonists or nihilists are almost unheard of. Even thought we don’t normally pay attention to it, we all have Nihilistic and Hedonistic tendencies at various times throughout our lives. Nihilism is the belief that nothing we do, own or believe is of any value. It is the belief that we are worthless and that life has no purpose. It comes across as a very dark, empty way of life, yet we all embrace it in small ways. For example, someone may deem voting worthless, arguing that their political choices won’t affect anything. This, on a small scale, is Nihilism. It's a common assumption that without religious moral codes people will behave in a dishonest, violent and otherwise anti-social manner. Yet, the most pious and devout believers still lie, cheat, steal and kill; an open non-believer could do no worse. And the dishonest and anti-social behavior of believers exploiting religious morality are all the more malevolent because they do it under the cover of “righteousness”. The fact is that religion, and the morality it attempts to conclude, is actually...
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...Success never fails to fascinate human beings no matter in past or nowadays. There have been two dominant theories of achieving success in the literature of the past hundreds years, the personality ethic and the character ethic. It is used to be widely acknowledged that the character ethic is the foundation of success. However, as times have changed, personality ethic has become increasingly popular. According to Noah St. John, the driving force behind success shifted from a character-based and principal-driven ethic to a personality-based ethic. From my perspective, both character and personality ethic play an indispensable role in success pursuing. Working on personality without improving character is neither productive nor effective. Although nowadays the increasing number of people, as well as organizations, tend to pay more attention on individual’s personality, it is still worth noting the importance of character and realizing the profound meaning of success. The character ethic is based on attributes such as integrity, fidelity, courage, compassion, contribution, responsibility and justice. It seems that as long as people say and do the right things and package themselves in the right ways, they will be more likely to gain the results they want (Bloodgood, Tuenley, & Mudrack, 2008). In contrast, the personality ethic concentrates more on techniques than on principles. These techniques basically deal with how to take care of themselves, such as, how to look good...
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...the product and consumption. Through this model we can easily explore the relation between the consumer and product by constructing abstract product attributes functional and psychosocial consequences associated with the product use and, finally, consumers’ instrumental and terminal values. It also help consumer to attain their values and ends through product attributes and also help to achieve ends through product attributes and also through positive consequences or benefits accruing from the attributes. This model does not purchase products for themselves and rather purchase the products for the meaning they endanger the prospects. It also means that this model is conceptual stricture which is linked with producer and consumer. The means-end chain model is conceptual tool for consumers to understand how they perceive about the self –relevant outcomes for the usage of the product and consumption. Through this model we can easily explore the relation between the consumer and product by constructing abstract product attributes functional and psychosocial consequences associated with the product use and, finally, consumers’ instrumental and terminal values. It also help consumer to attain their values and ends through product attributes and also help to achieve ends through product attributes and also through positive consequences or benefits accruing from the attributes. This model does not purchase products for themselves and rather purchase the products for the meaning they endanger...
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...Utilitarianism does not rely on specific beliefs about God. In the modern, multicultural society with a range of religious beliefs and a growing number of atheists, a secular approach is most useful. The utilitarianism approach is universal, which means it is acceptable to all the different types of cultures that are available globally. In every religion the utilitarianism approach is useful as it only considers the practises that do not harm the society but those that are acceptable to the society. The belief about what is right or wrong is the one that the society approves, not considering what other societies believe in. Happiness. It is absolutely right that happiness is given intrinsic value. There cannot be any situation where we can say happiness is wrong or bad. It is usually important to give high value to happiness as it...
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