...• Decision-Making Models There are several decision making models; “Business schools generally train students to follow rational decision-making models” (Robbins & Judge, 2011, p. 177). The rational decision making model is one of the most popular decision making models. This model uses cognitive reasoning, judgment, and logic. There are six steps in the rational decision making model that include: defining the problem, identifying the decision criteria, allocating weights to the criteria, developing alternatives, evaluating the alternatives, and selecting the best alternative. Following these steps can be time consuming and requires the decision maker to rely in part on assumptions (Robbins & Judge, 2011). Another decision making model is the intuitive decision making model; this model is considered to be emotionally charged. New research suggest that the intuitive decision making model is based on years of experience and learning (Robbins & Judge, 2011). The intuitive decision making model is considered by some universities to be coincidence, or luck related. The intuitive decision making model is considered the opposite of the rational decision making model (Decision-making-confidence.com, n. d.). The recognition primed decision making model uses an intuitive approach. This model uses patters that the decision maker has seen in the past. The decision maker views a problem at hand and compares it to situations from experience. Then the decision maker rehearses the...
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...Running Header: PROBLEM FORMULATION AND IDENTIFICATION Problem Formulation and Identification Team D December 2009 Problem Formulation and Identification When trying to reach a decision on how to handle a problem, one must know how to identify and formulate what the problem is and how it came to be. With many ways to conduct a decision-making process in a business environment, one needs to learn which style will remove the problem by weighing the pros and cons, the strengths, and weaknesses of the method used. The following is a journey on the seven different decision-making methods: scientific, persuasive, logical, rational, intuitive, recognition primed decision-making and the ultimate decision-making model to see how each method affects the stakeholders. Compare and Contrast Problem Identification Identifying a problem is not a one step process. Identifying a problem involves recognition of something faulting and reason for the problem. Every organization has its own method of identifying and solving problems, some of these methods are known as: scientific method, persuasive method, and logical method. “Scientific is a type of inductive thinking that moves through four major steps: observation, hypothesis formulation, experimentation, and verification” (Kirby & Goodpaster, 2007). Persuasive thinking comes into the situation once a problem occurs. A business, in which persuasive thinking becomes a benefit, would be in the retail...
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...Title: Application of Cognitive Continuum theory to decision making by nurse managers Student Name: Institutional Affiliation: 10th October, 2014 Introduction Decision making may in this case be expressed as a route of selecting an alternative that is more likely to facilitate the achievement of organizational or individual goals (Bjork & Hamilton, 2011). The nursing practice has moved towards full evidence-based implementation of care which as a result enhanced the call for proper creation of decision within nursing. However, numerous nursing theories have been developed to support increased rational analysis and decision making in the nursing practice. The theory of cognitive continuum is in this case a vivid middle-range theory developed Hammond. The theory basically shows how judgment situations are linked to cognition. Additionally, six of the decision making modes which are based on the cognition and judgment, are described in the theory (Custers, 2013). The cognitive continue part of the theory shifts from suspicion to examination whereas the judgment varies from worse-planned to well-planned (Dhami & Thomson, 2012). Indeed, this study seeks to launch how the theory of cognitive continuum strategy may be useful in helping nurse managers make critical decisions. The paper includes the following sections: statement of the nurse manager decision making issue; and description of how the theory of cognitive continuum theory may be employed to determine the issue...
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...Compare and Contrast Mental Model Jason Hatchett OI/361 October 4, 2011 The four styles of creative intelligence define a person’s decision making process, attitudes and thoughts. Most individuals are a combination of two or three of the models. Creative intelligence is difficult to measure. Factors like environment, heredity, and personality affect a person’s creativity. Intuitive intelligence This model focuses on results. The use of experiences to make decisions is an identifier of a personality using the intuitive model. Individuals who fit into this model are fair and tuff managers and supervisors. Intuitive personalities tend to hold positions in government, entertainment, and management. Persons using this mindset learn from their past. Intuitive management set organizational l business goals that keep past trends in mind. Innovative intelligence Innovative intelligence personalities focus on problem solving. This type of individual uses systematic problem solving and hard data to make decisions. Innovative persons are hard working and utilize precise exact measurements making this model the most logically thinking of the four. This mindset is typical of a mathematician or a designer. Compare and Contrast In contrast of the two models, successful companies employ a mix of creative intelligence. Employees...
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...RUNNING HEAD: DECISION-MAKING January 11, 2009 Problem Formulation and Identification Every organization uses its own decision-making style. Some organizations prefer to use a rational style, which centers on facts and figures, and logical and scientific approaches to their problems. Other companies use an intuitive style, which focuses on emotional aspects of problems and gut feelings. Recently, a group of business students observed how decisions are typically made at their own places of employment. Kori at Prescription Solutions, Jacob at Combined Arms Training Center, Isela at Housing Authority of the City of El Paso, and Micah at Brown-Forman where each examined the strategy most often employed at their organizations. It was found that while each has its own particular style, there were many similarities. These working students also found that each style uses its own set of strengths and weaknesses, and explored how a problem can be described to stakeholders in a manner that is sensitive to their perspectives with various style approaches. Rational Decision-Making Rational decision-making is “a deliberate and logical approach” (Robbins, 2004, p. 21). When faced with a decision, a rational thinker will “emphasize facts, details, and rational cause-effect logic” (Robbins, 2004, p. 21). When a decision must be made, Prescription Solutions’ upper management executives consider three logical business factors: customer satisfaction...
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...Intelligence Paper Donald M Wynter OI / 361 University of Phoenix May 18, 2011 There are four creative intelligence styles, intuition, imagination, innovation and inspiration (Rowe 2004). These four styles of thinking creatively influence our decisions each day. The affect individual decisions at work, at home, in the workplace, or in our socials encounters. In this paper the four styles will be compared and contrasted with each other. An attempt will be made to look at how these styles influences decisions making generally and finally I will attempt to identify my creative intelligence style after completing the profile tool and analyze how the mental models or mindset affects my decision making processes. Intuition The intuitive thinker is conscious of past experiences when they have to make a decision. This type of thinker also is results oriented and relies heavy on the experience they are able to draw on in order to make a decision (Rowe 2004). The intuitive thinker uses the successes from past experience as a basis for doing things the same way for an extended period. The mistakes of the past are avoided by ensuring activities that led to unsatisfactory results are not repeated. While the intuitive thinker will benefit from not making same mistake repeated and by drawing on the successes from past experiences they may limit their ability to try new ways of doing things. If a process or particular way of accomplishing a task works continuously and there is no attempt made...
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...Technology 25 September, 2015 How would you characterize the decision-making styles of the two committees that considered the enrollment management problem? Would you characterize either of these processes as more effective or appropriate to the decision under consideration? The normative model of decision making was utilized by the Ad Hoc committee. The normative model set criterions for assessment. This model is normally obtained void of personal opinions and emotions when the users have collected enough information to define the problem (Baron, J. 2012). The department chairperson had already noticed and defined the problem completing the first two portions of the formulization stage of this process; however, the committee appeared to make a concerted effort to isolate a multitude of information concerning enrollment management plans. This committee then dove right in to the second stage of this decision making model and identified what they considered to be three viable options to address enrollment management. Their charge was completed prior to the evaluation and implementation stages. The Undergraduate Curriculum Committee leaned more towards the intuitive decision making model. This committee did not scientifically or systematically approach the issue to which they were assigned. They opted to go with Dr. Tanaka’s thirty years of experience and trust in his insight. In today’s fluid environment, the intuitive model is being adopted by more and more managers, in fact in...
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...describe the concept of managerial decision-making. It will look specifically at the ‘Rational Decision-Making Model’, exploring the shortcomings of this approach, and will suggest possible ways a manager could overcome these issues when striving to make a rational decision that will bring benefit to an organisation. Throughout this essay, empirical research and examples from academic literature will be presented to illustrate the discussion. Decision-making is arguably the single most important process in an organisation, being a basic task at all managerial levels. (Heraclious 1994) Rational Decision Making can be defined as choices that are consistent and value maximising within specified constraints. (Bergman, Coulter, Robbins & Stagg 2008) The ‘Rational Decision-Making Model’ is a structured process for essentially making a logically sound decision. The model is made up of a series of steps, with the details often varying, but generally including; recognition of the decision requirement, diagnosis and analysis of causes, development of alternatives, selection of alternative, implementation, evaluation and feedback. (Heraclious 1994) A person making a rational decision would be logical, fully objective, and would strive to select an alternative that maximises the likelihood of achieving their goal. (Bergman, Coulter, Robbins & Stagg 2008) There are a number of issues surrounding the effectiveness of the model for rational decision-making, and there has been a considerable...
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...Decision Making MGT 350 Problem Formulation and Identification Problem formulation and identification is an important part of any organization due to the limitless amount of problems that can transpire. By having a proper plan of action to help identify problems, an organization can quickly implement the needed procedures to alleviate it whether it is personnel or resources. The organization I represent, Shannon Missionary Baptist Church, is linked to another other organization that can have problems to arise at any given time and problem formulation and identification methods are as crucial in church as with any other organization. We have formulated a method of problem identification internally and try and use our handbook, the Bible, to the letter. Our handbook offers unswerving directions on how every member of the organization is to carry out his or her services, the organizations purpose and goals, the rules and regulations, and also the behavior of the organization and its members. When any member of the organization notices a problem or issue, it is his or her responsibility to report that problem to other members so that a meeting can be held to handle it swiftly. Our organization handles all problems openly, with all its members, allowing each individual to express their concerns about the problem and then a vote is made. The decision of what action to take to deal with the problem is decided by the majority vote. Compare and Contrast of Decision Making ...
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... intuition as a fifth way of knowing. Intuition is that moment of enlightenment that is unexpected in which something is revealed to give one a greater understanding on a problem or puzzle or issue of concern that is perplexing. A knowledge issue worth examining in relation to the role intuition plays in these areas of knowledge is: How does intuition lead to knowledge acquisition in the natural sciences and in ethics? Personal intuitive insight has to be in some form of communication which conforms to requirements of public knowledge, natural sciences conforming to scientific method to test the truth, ethics examining its ethical structure to test to what extent our personal insight can be applied to public knowledge. One may ask, “why is intuition valuable as a way of knowing?”...
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...a. What is a mental model/mindset? What forces influence a mental model/mindset, and what forces cause the evolution of that mental model/mindset? How has your mental model/mindset limited your decision making? Mental Model is the appearance of a person's thought process for the explanation of working of things in the real world. The mental model is generated in the human heads as an internal image for the neighboring processes. (Young, 2008). The mental model is influenced by several forces. The main forces which influence mental model are the social changes, psychology, thinking capacity, mental ability, behavior of the people living in surroundings, own human behavior, level of intelligence, working conditions. All these forces affect the human mind in various ways. The mental level of the different individuals is different. These forces influence the mental model of the different people in different ways. Among all these forces, social changes are the most important as man or woman is a social being and has great interaction with the society. The evolution of the mental model is caused by some different forces. The main force which causes the evolution of the mental model is genetic programming. The process of thinking and learning were originated with the origin of man. The internal state of a person's mind is generally distinguished from the uniform state of the surrounding world. The changes in the social environment make the genetic characters of the human beings...
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...Week Three Discussion Questions 1. According to the business dictionary (2012), “mental models are beliefs, ideas, images, and verbal descriptions that we consciously and unconsciously form from our experiences and which (when formed) guide our thoughts and actions with narrow channels” (p. 1). Social, political, and economic situations influence mental model/mindsets. Because of social, political, and economic situations and past experiences, I limit my decision making based on facts, proof, and careful considerations. I rarely make irrational decisions. 2. The four steps that change one’s mental model/mindset consist of: a. Power & limits of the models. b. Test the relevance of the mental models. c. Overcome inhibitors. d. Implement, assess, and strengthen the model. Some possible inhibitors are lack of trust, lack of information, other’s expectations, and set in old ways. I think I need to work on overcoming inhibitors. I tend to let past experiences and other people’s thoughts discourage me from doing or making certain decisions. 3. “Creative intelligence reflects how we perceive the world around us” (Rowe, 2012, p. 1). “The four styles of creative intelligence: Intuitive – focuses on results and relies on past experience to guide actions Innovative – concentrates on problem-solving, is systematic, and relies on data Imaginative – is able to visualize opportunities, is artistic, enjoys writing, and thinks “out of the box” Inspirational – focuses on social...
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...Date:________________ I. IDENTIFICATION: _________________1. They are individuals who report unethical practices by their employer to outsiders. _________________2.The tendency for people to base their judgments on information that is readily available to them. _________________3.A style of decision making that tends to be very broad in their outlook and consider many alternatives. _________________4.It influences decision makers by suggesting to them what choices are preferable in terms of personal payoff. _________________5.The choices made from among two or more alternatives. _________________6.This refers to choices that are consistent and value maximizing. _________________7.A step in rational decision-making that requires decision maker to do this that could succeed in resolving the problem. _________________8.It is an ability to produce novel and useful ideas. _________________9.It is an unconscious process created out of distilled experience. _________________10.An increased commitment to a previous decision in spite of negative information. II. What is Representative Heuristic? III. Draw the Three Components of Creativity. Chapter 5 Management 26 Name:________________________________________________ Date:________________ ...
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...Designers, Ltd. Intuitive™ ERP Intuitive ERP Reduces Manufacturing Costs by 20 Percent for Industrial Equipment Manufacturer Ace Designers Limited also Sees Improved Planning and Better Decision-Making Resulting in Increased Competitiveness Return on Investment at a Glance: After implementing Intuitive ERP, Ace Designers, Ltd., India’s leading manufacturer of CNC lathes and auto lathes, achieved the following returns on investment: • Increased competitiveness in pricing. • Reduced manufacturing inventory by 20 percent. • 20 percent overall price reduction on purchased items. • Improved planning and reduced planning headcount. • Better decision making. Overview Since 1987, Ace Designers Limited, India’s leading manufacturer of CNC lathes and auto lathes, has been exporting machines to countries all around the world, including Brazil, Germany, the United Kingdom and the United States. But with growth, their largely manual systems started breaking down. They had no centralized purchasing department or means of sharing information, so groups were paying different amounts for the same part from the same vendor. Delivery dates were missed because of lack of inventory control, and top management had so little visibility to the manufacturing process that they could not set pricing that was competitive. The consultants that evaluated Intuitive ERP and its competitors for Ace Designers concluded that Intuitive ERP had all the functionality they needed. “Intuitive ERP is easy...
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...Insights into OTC and Pharmacy as presented at the ESOMAR Global Healthcare Conference Contents Consumer Decision Making: 4 “How potent is my potion?” Intuitive judgments in consumer decision making for OTC products - By Anjali Puri, Director, Customized Products & Services Group, Asia Pacific and co-author, Sumeet Saluja, General Manager, Marketing at Glaxo SmithKline Consumer Healthcare Fast Moving Consumer Goods and OTC products: Zoom on marketing effectiveness - Abstract by Erk Maassen, and Robert Buckeldee 20 2 Author: Anjali Puri Director, Customized Products & Services Group, Asia Pacific The Nielsen Company 2nd Floor, Block B, Sri Rama Deevana, No. 21, Ulsoor Road, Bangalore – 560042, India email: anjali.puri@nielsen.com Phone: 91-80-25559692, 91-98456-18854 Fax: 91-80-25559688 Anjali currently works with the Customized Products and Services team at Nielsen. She has over 14 years of qualitative research experience, and has worked extensively in the arena of OTC medication. Anjali is a regular presenter at ESOMAR and other international market research forums. Sumeet is currently the Category Head for Horlicks, health food drink company General Manager, Marketing in India. In his previous role, Glaxo SmithKline Consumer Healthcare Sumeet was head of the DLF Plaza Tower, DLF Phase 1, Gurgaon, Crocin brand, a popular OTC Haryana, India analgesic in India. Sumeet email: sumeet.g.saluja@gsk.com has also spent time in sales Phone: 91-124-2540700,...
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