...Benefits of using IPv6 in Distributed Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) Introduction The many advantages of improving and corporation's network, particularly its Virtual personal Networks (VPNs) from IPv4 to IPv6 create the expenses related to the move recoverable from increased network steadiness, auto-configuration, security, mobility, increase and quality-of-service and multicast capability (Cisco 2007). First, in phrases of quantitative, address varies for an IPv6-based network is 128-bits, providing the company lots higher security, likewise (Fink, 1999). Secondly, the safety concerns with regards to utilizing DHCP to assign information science addresses victimization IPv4 these days will be mitigated with the homeless reconfiguration capability of IPv6 (Lehtovirta, J 2006). With several of the systems throughout the company administered remotely exploitation IPsec-based VPNs, the opportunity to maneuver to more secure VPNs attributable to IPsec-mandated end-to-end security exploitation IPv6 also adds in greater levels of security moreover. The increasing use of wireless connections by members among the IT employees to observe and maintain IT systems also can currently be potential exploitation Mobile IP with Direct Routing (Cisco 2007). The redoubled support for protocols specifically for multicast routing are also supported in IPv6, that may build marketing’s’ several webinars and on-line initiatives additional expeditiously delivered, moreover. Most vital concerning...
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...IPv6 Research Paper Current State of IPv6 DJ NT1430 Linux Networking Instructor: Mr. Brown March 5, 2013 Due to the number of limited number of internet addresses, a new internet protocol has come available to consumers, IPV6. “Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) is the latest revision of the Internet Protocol (IP), the communications protocol that routes traffic across the Internet. It is intended to replace IPv4, which still carries the vast majority of Internet traffic as of 2013” (IPv6, 2013). The Internet has experienced an astonishing increase of devices accessing the Internet. Because of this increase, IPv4 addresses are running out. The solution is for IPv6 to accommodate this increased demand by providing a much larger address space, along with improved traffic routing and better security. There are several advantages and disadvantages with IPv6. Some advantages are: IPv6 provides more address space, which is being needed in larger business scales, such as: Comcast. It is a more powerful internet (128bit versus IPv4's current 32 bit). It offers and overall larger scale internet, which again will be needed in the future. Address allocation is done by the device itself and support for security using (IPsec) Internet Protocol Security. IPv6 includes plug and play, which is easier for novice users to connect their machines to the network. Essentially, configuration will happen automatically. Some disadvantages are: It will be much harder to remember...
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...Running Head: DOMAIN NAME SERVERS AND INTERNET PROROCOL Domain Name Servers and Internet Protocol Awaz Barwari Kaplan University Abstract Domain Name System (DNS) is central to the Internet and networking. It converts the host name into an Internet Protocol (IP) addresses. Domain names are in alphabetic form easy for human to remember. Nonetheless, the World Wide Web (WWW) is run based on IP addresses. Therefore, without the DNS the internet would be very difficult to access. Today, there are two versions of IP 4 and 6 that use DNS. With the growing number of devices with internet IP address, IPv4 is running out of addresses and will eventually be replaced by IPv6. But until then, it is important to understand the many similarities and contrast between both versions. Domain Name Servers and Internet Protocol The core of how the internet works is the DNS, which was created to simplify the unmanageable computer naming. Thus, allowing us to use a more human friendly host name while exchanging email or accessing web pages. An IP address is a numerical label assigned by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) to every host in order to communicate. (Gralla, 2006). The DNS will translate host name like www.google.com into a raw IP address number 173.194.40.197. DNS structure is a hierarchical distributed database. At the top level there is a root server. Many categories were created under the root called the top level domains: .Com, .Net, .Org...
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...document provides an analysis and comparison of IPv4 and IPv6 under various circumstances. It is well understood that IPv6 has been designed to replace IPv4. We have done a feature-by-feature comparison and contrast of IPv6 versus IPv4 and found that IPv6 offers many unique opportunities for increasing a network architectures efficiency and agility. In some sense, there is a competition going on between these protocols, as they are not directly compatible, and network providers and users are being forced to determine whether to support one or both protocols for various network services. The new version of IP,(i.e. IPv6), constitutes an effort to overcome the inborn limitations of IPv4, in order for the new protocol be able to respond to the new needs as they shape today in the Internet. This paper is aimed to discuss about various comparison issues when porting an IPv4 application to IPv6 with focus on issues that an application developer would face rather than a complete API reference.IPv4 is the incumbent and currently has the most widespread usage for conventional Internet applications.IPv6 is a large-scale re-design and re-engineering of IPv4, based on many lessons learned as the IPv4-based Internet grew and was used in unforeseen ways. Keywords-- IPv4, IPv6, Multicast, Quality of service (QOS), Routing. I. INTRODUCTION HE primary motivation for change arises from the limited address space. When IPV6 deployed on a large scale it has solved many current...
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...Unit 1: Exploring DNS Kaplan University IT 530 July 2, 2013 Unit 1: Exploring DNS A domain name system (DNS) serves an important role for those who wish to access other networks, which includes websites. DNS allows for users to be able to be able to access Internet websites through a unique name rather than having to memorize a lengthy set of numbers and periods. In addition, DNS allows for the physical hosting location of a network or website to change transparently without anyone noticing. This is more commonly referred to as when a website changes hosts. Furthermore, DNS serves important functions related to mail by allowing users to connect, send, and receive email messages based off of the DNS of the mail server for a specific network (Karrenberg, 2004). Exploring Hierarchies All domains follow a certain hierarchy top to bottom hierarchy. The order for this hierarchy is: 1. root domain 2. top level 3. second level 4. sub-domain The root domain is a top-level domain that refers to the Internet. This is mostly maintained by ICANN, which is a private organization that maintain this area. ICANN manages the internet protocol addresses as well as the DNS root zones. ICANN also manages the DNS policy on naming abilities for top level domains ("INETDAEMON.com," 2013). The level that most users will first visibly notice when connecting to a domain through DNS is the top level domain. In this domain is the area where users will see .com, .net, and .org,...
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...PA r T O N e Foundations of Network Security Fundamentals of Network Security 2 Firewall Fundamentals 43 VPN Fundamentals 79 Network Security Threats and Issues 111 CHAPTer Fundamentals of Network Security 1 C OMPUTER NETWORK SECURITY is very complex. New threats from inside and outside networks appear constantly. Just as constantly, the security community is always developing new products and procedures to defend against threats of the past and unknowns of the future. As companies merge, people lose their jobs, new equipment comes on line, and business tasks change, people do not always do what we expect. Network security configurations that worked well yesterday, might not work quite as well tomorrow. In an ever-changing business climate, whom should you trust? Has your trust been violated? How would you even know? Who is attempting to harm your network this time? Because of these complex issues, you need to understand the essentials of network security. This chapter will introduce you to the basic elements of network security. Once you have a firm grasp of these fundamentals, you will be well equipped to put effective security measures into practice on your organization’s network. While this textbook focuses on general network security, including firewalls and virtual private networks (VPNs), many of the important basics of network security are introduced in this chapter. In Chapters 1–4, network security...
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...M I C R O S O F T T E C H N O L O G Y A S S O C I AT E Student Study Guide EXAM 98-366 Networking Fundamentals Preparing for MTA Certification for Cert ca n Certification MICROSOFT TECHNOLOGY ASSOCIATE (MTA TECHNOLOGY ASSOCIATE (MTA) ECHNOLOGY C (MTA A) STUDENT STUDY GUIDE F UDY FOR IT PROS 98-366 Networking Fundamentals Authors Shari Due (Networking). Shari is an IT Network Specialist Instructor at Gateway Technical College in Racine, Wisconsin where she has worked for the past 15 years. Previously, she worked for Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) in Elk Grove, Illinois. She holds a Bachelor of Science from the University of Wisconsin-Parkside in Math and Economics with a minor in Computer Science and a MBA from the University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire. Shari’s current industry certifications include: Comptia Server+, Linux+, A+, Network+, and i-Net+. Her past certifications include: MCSE-NT 4.0, CCNA, and Pathworks for Macintosh. She is a Cisco Certified Instructor for Cisco’s Network Academy and teaches the CCNA curriculum. She is the author of Advanced WordPerfect Using Macro Power: A Guide for VMS and DOS Users from Digital Press. Patricia Phillips (Lead Author and Project Manager). Patricia taught computer science for 20 years in Janesville, Wisconsin. She served on Microsoft’s National K-12 Faculty Advisory Board and edited the Microsoft MainFunction website for technology teachers for two years. For the past five years she has worked with Microsoft in...
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...IP ADDRESSING: An Internet Protocol address (IP address) is a numerical label assigned to each device (e.g., computer, printer) participating in a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication. An IP address serves two principal functions: host or network interface identification and location addressing. Its role has been characterized as follows: "A name indicates what we seek. An address indicates where it is. A route indicates how to get there." The designers of the Internet Protocol defined an IP address as a 32-bit number[ and this system, known as Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4), is still in use today. However, due to the enormous growth of the Internet and the predicted depletion of available addresses, a new addressing system (IPv6), using 128 bits for the address, was developed in 1995, standardized as RFC 2460 in 1998, and its deployment has been ongoing since the mid-2000s. In the most widely installed level of the Internet Protocol (IP) today, an IP address is a 32-bit number that identifies each sender or receiver of information that is sent in packets across the Internet. When you request an HTML page or send e-mail, the Internet Protocol part of TCP/IP includes your IP address in the message (actually, in each of the packets if more than one is required) and sends it to the IP address that is obtained by looking up the domain name in the Uniform Resource Locator you requested or in the e-mail address you're sending a note to. At the other...
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...1. Lesson 1 Answer base on DNS and IP. The process to obtain IP and DNS. 2. Lesson 1 The routing and remote access servers 3. Lesson 1 NAP what is it and what its use for 4. Lesson 1 TCIP addressing, the differences between classes 5. Lesson 1 IPv4 Address 6. Lesson 1 What is the difference between IPv4 & IPv6 7. Lesson 2 What can be configured in TCIP 8. Lesson 2 What is the difference between Static and Dynamic, when you would use one versus the other 9. Lesson 2 What the difference between the volumes (Strip,simple,mirrored,etc) 10. Lesson 2 The different types of partitions and when to use one or the other 11. Lesson 3 BOOTP what can and can’t do 12. Lesson 3 What are the benefits and disadvantages of DHCP 13. Lesson 3 The DHCP process, what are the different steps involved 14. Lesson 4 DNS zones and what are the differences between them 15. Lesson 4 DNS zones and what are the differences between them 16. Lesson 4 DNS zones and what are the differences between them 17. Lesson 1 Part 2 Terminology for a Windows Server with Active Directory installed 18. Lesson 1 Part 2 The process of keeping the main controllers in sync with changes 19. Lesson 1 Part 2 What the different types of DC 20. Lesson 1 Part 2 Active Directory Naming 21. Lesson 2 Part 2 Installing Active Directory 22. Lesson 2 Part 2 Installing Active Directory 23. Lesson 2 Part 2 Installing Active Directory 24. Lesson...
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...Unit 5 Assignment 1: Cisco Networks EIGRP versus OSPF EIGRP: Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol Is another routing protocol just like RIP and OSPF. EIGRP converges very quickly and it takes about the same time or not less than OSPF takes to converge, but without the negatives of OSPF. EIGRP’s benefit requires much less processing time, memory and less design than say OSPF. The downside with EIGRP is that it is Cisco-proprietary, so if an internet work areas uses non-Cisco routers it cannot be used on those routers. EIGRP is neither distance-vector nor link-state. Sometimes Cisco refers to EIGRP as an enhanced distance vector protocol but in some cases calls it a balanced hybrid routing protocol. EIGRP has some similarities to routing protocols but the differences far outweigh them. OSPF: Open Shortest Path First Is a link-state routing protocol for Internet Protocol (IP) networks. It uses a link state routing algorithm and falls into the group of interior routing protocols, operating within a single autonomous system (AS). It is defined as OSPF Version 2 in RFC 2328for IPv4. The updates for IPv6 are specified as OSPF Version 3 in RFC 5340 . OSPF is perhaps the most widely used interior gateway protocol (IGP) in large enterprise networks. IS-IS, another link-state dynamic routing protocol, is more common in large service provider networks. The most widely used exterior gateway protocol is the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), the principal routing protocol between autonomous...
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...Data Sheet Cisco 200 Series Switches Cisco Small Business Build a Powerful, Easy-to-Use Basic Business Network at an Affordable Price The key to succeeding in today’s competitive business environment is investing resources wisely – knowing how to separate the essential from the extraneous and get the most value for your dollars. As the backbone of your business and productivity applications, the small business network clearly falls into the “essential” category. But that doesn’t mean you need the most advanced feature set on the market. ® With Cisco 200 Series Switches, you can achieve business-class network security and performance without paying for advanced network management features that you will not need. When you need a reliable solution to share network resources and connect computers, printers, and servers, but low cost is a top priority, Cisco 200 Series Switches provide the ideal solution. Figure 1. Cisco 200 Series Switches Cisco 200 Series Switches Cisco 200 Series Switches (Figure 1) are a series of affordable smart switches that combine powerful network performance and reliability with the essential network management features you need for a solid business network. These expandable Fast Ethernet or Gigabit Ethernet switches provide basic management, security, and quality-of-service (QoS) features beyond those of an unmanaged or consumer-grade switch, at a lower cost than managed switches. And with an easy-to-use web user interface, Cisco...
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...NT2640 IP Networking INSTRUCTOR GUIDE Onsite Credit hours: 4.5 Contact /Instructional hours: 34 Theory, 22 Lab Prerequisite: NT1210 Introduction to Networking or equivalent Course Revision Table Change Date Updated Section Change Description Change Rationale Implementation Quarter 07/18/2011 All New Curriculum New Curriculum September 2011 02/19/2013 All Updated labs across the course to map the 2nd edition of lab manual Immediately 02/27/2013 Midterm and Final Examination Answer Keys Added examination keys Immediately 03/18/2013 Answer Keys for Midterm and Final Updated some answers to address the accuracy March 2013 04/19/2013 Assignment labels on Pages 43, 52, 61, 78, 87, 97, 106 and 132. Added labels to identify additional assignments in affected units Clarification of additional assignments March 2013 Table of Contents COURSE OVERVIEW 5 Catalog Description 5 Goals and Expectations 5 Learning Objectives and Outcomes 6 Career Impact 6 INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES 7 Required Resources 7 Additional Resources 7 COURSE MANAGEMENT 9 Technical Requirements 9 Test Administration and Processing 9 Replacement of Learning Assignments 10 Communication and Student Support 10 Academic Integrity 10 GRADING 11 COURSE DELIVERY 13 Instructional Approach 13 Methodology 13 Facilitation Strategies 14 UNIT PLANS 15 Unit 1: The TCP/IP Model, LANs, WANs, and IP Networks 15 Unit 2: TCP/IP Network, Transport...
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...CHaPTer Firewall Fundamentals 2 T O SOME NETWORK ADMINISTRATORS, A FIREWALL is the key component of their infrastructure’s security. To others, a fi rewall is a hassle and a barrier to accomplishing essential tasks. In most cases, the negative view of fi rewalls stems from a basic misunderstanding of the nature of fi rewalls and how they work. This chapter will help dispel this confusion. This chapter clearly defi nes the fundamentals of fi rewalls. These include what a fi rewall is, what a fi rewall does, how it performs these tasks, why fi rewalls are necessary, the various fi rewall types, and fi ltering mechanisms. Once you understand these fundamentals of fi rewalls, you will able to look beyond the unschooled opinions, common mythology, and marketing hype surrounding them, and the crucial benefi ts of effective fi rewall architecture will become clear. Like any tool, fi rewalls are useful in solving a variety of particular problems and in supporting essential network security. Chapter 2 Topics This chapter will cover the following topics and concepts: • What a fi rewall is • Why you need a fi rewall • How fi rewalls work and what they do • What the basics of TCP/IP are • What the types of fi rewalls are • What ingress and egress fi ltering is • What the types of fi rewall fi ltering are • What the difference between software and hardware fi rewalls is • What dual-homed and triple-homed fi rewalls...
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...CHaPTer Firewall Fundamentals 2 T O SOME NETWORK ADMINISTRATORS, A FIREWALL is the key component of their infrastructure’s security. To others, a fi rewall is a hassle and a barrier to accomplishing essential tasks. In most cases, the negative view of fi rewalls stems from a basic misunderstanding of the nature of fi rewalls and how they work. This chapter will help dispel this confusion. This chapter clearly defi nes the fundamentals of fi rewalls. These include what a fi rewall is, what a fi rewall does, how it performs these tasks, why fi rewalls are necessary, the various fi rewall types, and fi ltering mechanisms. Once you understand these fundamentals of fi rewalls, you will able to look beyond the unschooled opinions, common mythology, and marketing hype surrounding them, and the crucial benefi ts of effective fi rewall architecture will become clear. Like any tool, fi rewalls are useful in solving a variety of particular problems and in supporting essential network security. Chapter 2 Topics This chapter will cover the following topics and concepts: • What a fi rewall is • Why you need a fi rewall • How fi rewalls work and what they do • What the basics of TCP/IP are • What the types of fi rewalls are • What ingress and egress fi ltering is • What the types of fi rewall fi ltering are • What the difference between software and hardware fi rewalls is • What dual-homed and triple-homed fi rewalls...
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...ITT Technical Institute NT2640 IP Networking Onsite Course SYLLABUS Credit hours: 4.5 Contact/Instructional hours: 56 (34 Theory Hours, 22 Lab Hours) Prerequisite(s) and/or Corequisite(s): Prerequisites: NT1210 Introduction to Networking or equivalent Course Description: This course explores network design and implementation by applying the TCP/IP protocols to provide connectivity and associated services. Planning and deployment of network addressing structures, as well as router and switch configurations, are also examined. IP Networking Syllabus Where Does This Course Belong? This course is required in the associate degree program in Network Systems Administration and associate degree in Mobile Communications Technology. The following diagrams indicate how this course relates to other courses in respective programs: Network Systems Administration NT2799 NSA Capstone Project NT2580 Introduction to Information Security NT2670 Email and Web Services NT2640 IP Networking PT2520 Database Concepts NT1330 Client-Server Networking II NT1230 Client-Server Networking I NT1430 Linux Networking PT1420 Introduction to Programming NT1110 Computer Structure and Logic NT1201 Introduction to Networking NT1310 Physical Networking CO2520 Communications SP2750 Group Theories EN1420 Composition II EN1320 Composition I GS1140 Problem Solving Theory GS1145 Strategies for the Technical Professional MA1210 College Mathematics...
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